• Title/Summary/Keyword: Wa

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Bactericidal Effects of Nano-silver Liquid Against Various Plant Pathogenic Bacteria (은 나노 용액의 식물병원성 세균에 대한 살균활성)

  • Kim, Sang-Woo;Min, Ji-Seon;Lee, Youn-Su
    • Research in Plant Disease
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    • v.15 no.2
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    • pp.130-133
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    • 2009
  • We have conducted in vitro experiments with nano-silver liquid for their effect against various plant pathogenic bacteria. Different types of nano-silver liquid WA-CV-WA13B, WA-AT-WB13R and WA-PR-WB13R were used. These are classified based on different manufacturing processes. The tested bacteria were provided by KACC. We experimented ten bacterial isolates in Clavibacter, Erwinia, Pseudomonas, Ralstonia, and Xanthomonas genera. In order to determine the level of concentrations of control effects, different concentrations (10, 25, 50, and 100 ppm) of each different nano-silver liquid were added in the culture media. As a result, WA-CV-WA13B showed high inhibition effect against C-1 at 10 ppm, and showed minor inhibition effects against P-6, X-1, and X-2. WA-AT-WB13R showed bactericidal effect against P-6 at 10 ppm. At 10 ppm, WA-AT-WB13R showed relatively high inhibition effects against C-1, X-1, and X-2. WA-PR-WB13R showed bactericidal effects against P-5, P-6 and X-2 at 10 ppm or higher concentrations. All the tested three nano-silver liquid showed bactericidal effects against all the tested plant pathogenic bacteria at concentrations of 25 ppm or higher. These results indicated the possible use of nano-silver liquid for the control of plant pathogenic bacteria.

Effects of Warming Acupuncture on Ligament Recovery in Injury-induced Rats

  • Heo, Dong-Seok;Geum, Dong-Ho
    • The Journal of Korean Medicine
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    • v.27 no.4
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    • pp.156-161
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    • 2006
  • Object : Warming acupuncture (WA) has been used in Oriental Medicine for the treatment of physical disabilities caused by ligament damage. Here, the effects of WA on injured ligament tissues were investigated using the rat model. Methods : The rats were induced injury on the right hind ankle, and 4 weeks later, WA was given onto the acupoint GB4O(Quixu) of the injury area on a weekly basis for 6 weeks. Main outcome was measured by levels of Erk1/2. Hoechst nuclear staining and collagen staining in the ligament tissue. Result : Levels of active form of Erk1/2 kinase were increased in the injured ligament with WA compared with the control ligament induced injury only, and this change correlated with cell number increases in the ligament by WA. Type III, but not type I, collagen mRNA and protein levels were elevated in the injured ligament treated with WA. Moreover, histological staining showed increased re-organization of collagen fibers in the ligament by WA. Conclusions : The present data suggest that WA performance to the injured ligament may facilitate the healing process via increasing cellular activity.

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Real-time Experiments of WA-DGNSS Transmission System using Pseudolite (의사위성을 이용한 광역보정정보 전송시스템에 대한 실시간 시험)

  • Kwon, Keum-Cheol;Shim, Duk-Sun
    • Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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    • v.52 no.6
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    • pp.151-158
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    • 2015
  • This paper presents the real-time experiments of WA-DGNSS transmission system using a pseudolite and shows the performance of WA-DGNSS. We implement a server/client program to receive the WA-DGNSS data from the master station, and fabricate a pseudolite to transmit the WA-DGNSS data to users. The performance of the WA-DGNSS transmission system is tested by software and hardware GPS receivers, respectively. The experiments show that the WA-DGNSS data is well transmitted to GPS receivers without errors and thus WA-DGNSS works well.

Study of HubWA Protein Folding Reaction by Measuring the Stability of Folding Intermediate (중간단계의 구조적 안정성을 통한 HubWA 단백질의 접힘(folding) 반응 탐색)

  • Soon-Ho Park
    • Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.67 no.2
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    • pp.81-88
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    • 2023
  • The contribution of hydrophobic residues to the protein folding reaction was studied by using HubWA variant proteins with I and L to V mutation. Folding kinetics of all V variant proteins was observed to be satisfied by a three-state on-pathway mechanism, U ⇌ I ⇌ N, where U, I, and N represent unfolded, intermediate, and native state, respectively. Three-state folding reaction was quantitatively analyzed and the free energy of folding of each elementary reactions and overall folding reaction, ΔGoUI, ΔGoIN, and ΔGoUN, were obtained. From the ratio of free energy difference between the variant protein and HubWA, ΔΔGoUI/ΔΔGoUN (ΔΔGoUI = ΔGoUI (variant protein) - ΔGoUI (HubWA) and ΔΔGoUN = ΔGoUN (variant protein) - ΔGoUN(HubWA)), the contribution of hydrophobic residues to HubWA folding was analyzed. The residues which are located in the hydrophobic core between α-helix and β-sheet, I3, I13, L15, I30, L43, I61 and L67, showed ΔΔGoUI/ΔΔGoUN value of ~0.5 when each of these residues was mutated to V, indicating that these residues form relatively solid hydrophobic core in the intermediate state. Residues located at the end of secondary structures and loop, I23, L69 and I36 showed ΔΔGoUI/ΔΔGoUN value below 0.4 when each of these residues was mutated to V, indicating that the region containing these residues are loosely formed in the intermediate state. V17A, L50V and L56V showed fairly high ΔΔGoUI/ΔΔGoUN value of ~0.8. Since L50 and L56 are located in the region containing long loop (residue 46 to 62), it is suggested that the high ΔΔGoUI/ΔΔGoUN value of these residues prevents the formation of aggregate at the early stage of folding reaction.

Effect of Short-distance Walking Activity on Milk Production and Metabolic Status of Lactating Dairy Cows

  • Lim, Dong-Hyun;Kim, Tae-Il;Kim, Hyun-Jong;Kim, Sang-Beom;Park, Seong-Min;Park, Ji-Hoo;Ha, Seong-Min;Lee, Ji-Hwan;Lim, Hyun-Joo;Jeong, Ha-Yeon;Mayakrishnan, Vijayakumar
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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    • v.38 no.4
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    • pp.343-348
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    • 2018
  • In this study, the effect of daily short-distance walking exercise on milk production and metabolic status of the lactating dairy cows was investigated. The experiment was conducted with 10 lactating dairy cows comprising 2 groups (5 dairy cows/group), which were walking activity and non-walking activity. The walking activity (WA) group lactating dairy cows walked outdoors for 1 km/d, and the non-walking activity (non-WA) lactating dairy cows were maintained within a cowshed from $18^{th}$ April to $30^{th}$ May. The activity volume of the neck was not significantly different between the groups, but the activity volume of the leg was higher in WA group compared with non-WA (p<0.05). The rectal temperature was higher in the WA group ($38.6^{\circ}C$) compared with non-WA ($38.2^{\circ}C$) (p<0.05). No significant differences in dietary NE intake, milk production and milk composition were found between the groups. The plasma cortisol concentration was higher in WA group ($2.14{\mu}g/dl$) compared to non-WA ($0.95{\mu}g/dl$) (p<0.05). However, plasma cortisol level of WA dairy cows was significantly decreased as compared with non-WA cows. On the contrary, the level of plasma melatonin was increased in WA cows than that of non-WA dairy cows. It may be interpreted as a change in physical fitness. From this study, we suggest that walking activity can be improved energy balance. Further investigation is needed to determine whether different combinations of distance, rate or doing in morning or afternoon will stimulate energy balance.

Solid Bases as Racemization Catalyst for Lipase-catalyzed Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of Naproxen 2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl Thioester (리파아제에 의한 나프록센 2,2,2-트리플로로에틸 씨오에스터의 Dynamic Kinetic Resolution을 위한 라세미화 촉매로서의 고체 염기)

  • 김상범;원기훈;문상진;김광제;박홍우
    • KSBB Journal
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    • v.19 no.3
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    • pp.215-220
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    • 2004
  • A variety of solid bases such as inorganic bases, basic anion exchange resins, and resin-bound bases were tested as a catalyst for racemization of (S)-naproxen 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl thioester in isooctane at 45$^{\circ}C$. Among the various bases, DIAIOM WA30, which is a weakly basic anion exchange resin with a tertiary amine based on a highly porous type styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer, showed the highest catalytic activity. The second-order interconversion constant of DIAION WA30 was 8.6${\times}$10$\^$-4/ mM$\^$-1/h$\^$-1/ and about 3 times higher than that of trioctylamine under the same conditions. The rate of DIAION WA30-catalyzed racemization decreased with increasing an amount of water added to the reaction medium. Lipase-catalyzed kinetic resolution of racemic naproxen 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl thioester was successfully carried out under in situ racemization of substrate with DIAION WA30 in isooctane at 45$^{\circ}C$. More than 60% conversion and 99% enantiomeric excess for the desired (S)-naproxen product were obtained. Furthermore, such a solid base catalyst could be easily separated and reused in contrast to trioctylamine.

Contribution of Hydrophobic Interactions to HubWA Folding Reaction (소수성 상호작용이 HubWA 단백질의 폴딩 반응에 끼치는 영향)

  • Park, Soon-Ho
    • Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.63 no.6
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    • pp.427-434
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    • 2019
  • The role of hydrophobic residues on protein folding reaction was studied by folding kinetics measurements in conjunction with protein engineering. The HubWA, which was derived from human ubiquitin by mutating the residues at 45 (Phe to Trp) and 26 (Val to Ala), was used as a mutational background. Fourteen hydrophobic residues were mutated to alanine. Among fourteen variants generated, only four variant proteins (V5A, I13A, V17A, and I36A) were suitable for folding study. The folding kinetics of these variants was measured by stopped-flow fluorescence spectroscopy. The folding kinetics of HubWA and V17A was observed to follow a three-state on-pathway mechanism. On the other hand, folding kinetics of V5A, I13A, and I36A was observed to follow a two-state mechanism. Based on these observations, transition of protein folding reaction from collision-diffusion mechanism to nucleation-condensation mechanism was discussed.

Characteristics of Ash (Coal, Wood and Rice Hull) and Its Potential Use as an Additive in Poultry Manure for Protecting the Environment (재(석탄, 목재, 왕겨재)의 특성과 환경보호를 위하여 계분의 첨가 가능성에 관한 연구)

  • Nahm K.H.
    • Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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    • v.33 no.1
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    • pp.65-80
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    • 2006
  • Ash amendment to manure holds potential as a method to neutralize manure for reducing odor and reduce phosphorus (P) solubility in runoff from fields where manure has been applied. This review focuses on the literature published about ash characteristics and their environmental uses. There is no uniform physico-chemical definition of the selected ashes (coal fly ash-CFA, wood ash-WA, and rice hull ash-RHA) used in various studies. These ashes vary greatly in their acidity (pH<6.0) or alkalinity (pH>12.5) based on the conditions at which they were farmed and the composition of the ash source. CFA amendment to manure reduced manure-P solubility and application of CFA amended manure to agricultural soils is a method to improve water quality WA may prove to be a valuable manure odor control amendment since WA contains a high level of carbon. A major biomass source is rice hull (husk) which provides an ash source (RHA). The .ice hull and RHA are sources of silica, compromising about 20% and 60%, respectively. So far research has been directed at the use of CFA, WA and RHA as soil amendments, but there is potential use of these materials as manure additives to sequester P and reduce odors.

A Suggestion of Methodologies for Modular and Integrated Verification of WA-DGNSS Reference Station Software Suitable for Validation & Verification of DO-278 (DO-278의 Validation & Verification에 적합한 WA-DGNSS 기준국 소프트웨어의 모듈별 통합 검증 방법론 제시)

  • Yoon, Donghwan;Park, Byung-Woon;Choi, Wan-Sik;Kee, Changdon;Seo, Seungwoo;Park, Junpyo
    • Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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    • v.19 no.1
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    • pp.15-21
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    • 2015
  • WA-DGNSS is a system to service for users using a satellite which received correction data from ground station that calculates the relative errors of the tracked GNSS signals and sends to a satellite. Users are guaranteed the reliability of the GNSS signal and the accuracy of positioning. ICAO recommends the application of WA-DGNSS for the airplane taking off and landing process. In this paper, we suggests methods to verify of the pre-developed WA-DGNSS reference software constituting modules and an integration test process refer to the RTCA DO-278 which is a document for the development process of an aeronautics software. Also, we statistically verified the reference software test through our methods. And then, we confirmed to performance the function of the reference software properly.

Movement range and behavior of acoustic tagged abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) in Jeonnam marine ranch (전남바다목장해역에서의 음향포지 전복 (Haliotis discus hannai)의 이동범위 및 행동)

  • Hwang, Bo-Kyu;Shin, Hyeon-Ok
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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    • v.46 no.3
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    • pp.232-238
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    • 2010
  • The moving ranges and behavior of four wild abalones, Haliotis discus hannai, were measured by an acoustic telemetry technique. The shape of the sea bottom of the experimental area was surveyed by a bathymetry system and three self-recording type acoustic receivers were used for monitoring the behavior and measuring the movement range. The abalones (WA1-WA4) attached acoustic tags were released and measured the movement during ten months. Three abalones (WA1, WA3 and WA4) were successively detected around the released point during the experiment and were moved to the V2 area where water depth is deeper than the V1 area. The change of inhabitation depth was also detected from the depth sensor of WA4. As the result, abalones were moved to deeper water area accordance with the decrease of the water temperature. The moved ranges of abalones were approximately 200 - 400m from the release point.