• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.248-252
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• 2008

A 6-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate effects of dietary supplementation with wood vinegar (WV) as a feed additive for juvenile olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. Eight experimental diets supplemented with 0(control), 0.01, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5 and 2.0% WV/kg diet($WV_0,\;WV_{0.01},\;WV_{0.025},\;WV_{0.05},\;WV_{0.1},\;WV_{0.25},\;WV_{0.5},\;and\;WV_{2.0}$, respectively) were prepared by mixing with basal diet. After the 6-week feeding trial, fish fed the $WV_{0.1}$ diet had significantly higher weight gain, feed efficiency, and specific growth rate than those of fish fed the other diets(P<0.05). No mortality was observed in the treatment groups fed the experimental diets for 6 weeks. The liver antioxidant activity of fish fed the $WV_{0.01},\;WV_{0.025},\;and\;WV_{0.05}$ diets was significantly higher than that of fish fed the other diets. The lysozyme activity of fish fed the $WV_{0.25}$ diet was significantly higher than that of fish fed the other diets. Fish fed diets supplemented with WV had significantly lower cumulative mortality than that of fish fed the control diet throughout the challenge test, and fish fed the $WV_{0.05}\;and\;WV_{0.1}$ diets had the highest resistance to disease caused by Edwardsiella tarda at day 7 of the challenge test. Therefore, feeding 0.05-0.1% WV/kg diet improves the growth and immune responses of juvenile olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.88-95
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• 2002

This study is a fundamental research for recycling waste vinyl (WV) in asphalt mixture for improving roadway pavement. Mix design was conducted by WV content and optimum asphalt content (OAC) was determined for dense-graded surface course mixture. Marshall stability test, indirect tensile strength (ITS) test and wheel tracking test were carried out to measure the characteristics of WV-added asphalt concretes. From the results of this study, recycling WV in asphalt mixture is possible. However, as WV content increased, melted WV clustering appeared in asphalt mixture. It could be considered that adding too much WV in asphalt mixture is not proper. The proper content of LDPE and HDPE WV was appeared to be 12% and 8%, respectively.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.08a
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• pp.1501-1504
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• 2006

The WV film successfully enlarged the field of view of the TN mode and made TN popular for larger size applications such as PC monitors. The hybrid alignment of the PDM (polymerized discotic material) layer is also suited for the OCB mode, which is promising as a nextgeneration LCD-TV because of fast panel response and a wide viewing angle. This paper describes recent technological progress in WV films, especially for OCB.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.704-711
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• 2016

Tomatoes are considered as one of the main components of daily meals in most households. Thus, it is important to invest in studies enhancing their yield and nutritional value. The study evaluated the effect of wood vinegar (WV) on tomato under greenhouse conditions. Data on fruit number, fruit weight, and plant height were recorded. Total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity of tomato were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, respectively. FRR-CF+500x-WV significantly increased the fruit number (86.11%) and fruit weight (81.78%) over the control. Results were comparable to HRR-CF+250x-WV, indicating that conventional fertilizer and WV may have synergistic effect on each other. TPC and scavenging effect on DPPH radical was improved by 250x-WV application. The increase in the phenolic compounds can be attributed to WV as a direct source or as a factor triggering the plants to produce more secondary metabolites with the purpose of increasing natural defenses. The significant effect obtained by applying the full recommended rate of conventional fertilizer on the carotenoid content was due to the availability of the major nutrients needed by the plant. Correlation analysis showed that carotenoids have negative correlation with TPC and DPPH. However, TPC and DPPH showed that these are positively correlated with each other. Tomatoes are excellent source of antioxidants associated with the reduction of some human diseases and improved health. The results provided evidence that WV alone and/or its combination with conventional fertilizers has favorable effects on the quality of tomato.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.07b
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• pp.991-994
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• 2005

We have successfully commercialized a novel optical compensation film, OCB-WV film, for OCB-LCD-TVs which has fast response time and wide viewing angle. The OCB-WV film consists of a 45degree-aligned discotic layer and a high Rth biaxial TAC film, which is suited for a roll-to-roll polarizer manufacturing process. This OCB-WV has brought out the excellent features that OCB intrinsically has, making nextgeneration fast-response LCD-TVs possible and free from image blurring in conjunction with an impulsive driving scheme.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.233-248
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• 2013

Purpose: This study develops heuristic process capability indices (PCIs) using distribution-decomposition methods and evaluates the performances. The heuristic methods decompose the variation of a quality characteristic into upper and lower deviations and adjust the value of the PCIs using decomposed deviations in accordance with the skewness. The weighted variance(WV), new WV(NWV), scaled WV(SWV), and weighted standard deviation(WSD) methods are considered. Methods: The performances of the heuristic PCIs are investigated under the varied situations such as various skewed distributions, sample sizes, and specifications. Results: WV PCI is the best under the normal populations, WSD and SWV PCIs are the best under the low skewed populations, NWV PCI is the best under the moderate and high skewed populations. Conclusion: Comprehensive analysis shows that the NWV method is most adequate for a practical use.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.22-28
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• 2016

Objectives: The goal of this study was to compare the density of gutta-percha root fillings obturated with the following techniques: cold lateral (CL) compaction, ultrasonic lateral (UL) compaction, and warm vertical (WV) compaction. Materials and Methods: Thirty-three extracted mandibular first molars, with two separate mesial canals in each, were selected. After instrumentation, the canals were stratified into three groups based on canal length and curvature, and underwent obturation with one of the techniques. No sealer was used in order to avoid masking any voids. The teeth were imaged pre- and post-obturation using micro-computed tomography. The reconstructed three-dimensional images were analyzed volumetrically to determine the amount of gutta-percha present in every 2 mm segment of the canal. P values < 0.05 were considered to indicate statistical significance. Results: The overall mean volume fraction of gutta-percha was $68.51{\pm}6.75%$ for CL, $86.56{\pm}5.00%$ for UL, and $88.91{\pm}5.16%$ for WV. Significant differences were found between CL and UL and between CL and WV (p < 0.05), but not between UL and WV (p = 0.526). The gutta-percha density of the roots treated with WV and UL increased towards the coronal aspect, but this trend was not noted in the CL group. Conclusions: WV compaction and UL compaction produced a significantly denser gutta-percha root filling than CL compaction. The density of gutta-percha was observed to increase towards the coronal aspect when the former two techniques were used.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.79-86
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• 1988

In the present study the effect of exercise on the conversion rate of ingested glucose to glycogen in the different types of hindlimb skeletal muscles in Sprague-Dawley male rats was studied. The amounts of synthetized glycogen from ingested glucose of fast-twitch white(WV), fast-twitch red(RV), mixed type of fast-twitch white and red(EDL), and slow-twitch(SOL) muscles were determined at 30 and 90 min. after ingestion of 25% glucose solution which contained $^{14}C$-glucose($2m{\ell}(1uCi)$/100gm B. W.)in control and exercise loaded rats. The result was summarized as follows : The about 55% at 30 min. and 70% at 90 min. after glucose ingestion were absorbed from gastrointestinal tract. This result shows no effects of exercise on absorption rate from gastrointestinal tract. The amount of synthetized glycogen of SOL from ingested glucose at 30 and 90 min. after glucose ingestion were highest, whether WV were lowest in hindlimb skeletal muscles in control and exercise loaded rats. In the exercise loaded rats, the amounts of synthetized glycogen of SOL, RV, and EDL at 90 min. after glucose ingestion was much higher than control rats, but not different in WV between exercise-loaded and control rats. At 30 min. after glucose ingestion, only SOL of exercise loaded rats was higher than control rats. In the control rat, the synthesis of glycogen was almost completed during initial 30 minutes. On the other hand, in the exercise loaded rat, except WV was opposite result of control rats, i. e., amounts of synthetized glycogen were major during late period. The amount of synthetized glycogen of liver at 30 and 90 min. after glucose ingestion in exercise loaded rats was higher than control rats. The rate of glycogen synthesis in control and exercise loaded rats were higher between 30-90 minute than initial 30 minute.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.61-63
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• 2001

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the feeding influence of wood vinegar and mixed with probiotics on performance and physiological related of broiler chicks for five weeks. Diets contained 21.5%, 3,100kcal/kg and 19.0% CP, 3,100kcal/kg ME for starting and finishing period, respectively. In Expt 1, Four levels of wood vinegar(0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.20%) were fed into two hundred forty chicks with four replicates. In Expt 2, 0, 0.1% wood vinegar(W), 0, 0.1% lactobacillus casei(L) and bacillus subtilis (B) were applied to 2${\times}$2${\times}$2 facotrial design for eight treatments with four replicates. Weight gain, feed intake, feed cholesterol were detected at five weeks old in each experiment. In Expt 1, Weight gain of chicks fed 0.1% wood vinegar(WV) was increased upto 1645.8g, but was not significantly different. However, chicks fed 0.2% WV showed the highest gain and siginificantly different compared to that of control (P＜0.05) for finishing period. Feed intake also showed similar tendency with weight gain. There were no statistical difference in feed conversion. Abdominal fat seemed to be decreased in WV supplemental groups, whereas ND antibody titer tended to increase in those treatments. In Expt 2, 0, 0.1% WV, lactobacillus, bacillus were combined with each other(W$\sub$0/L$\sub$0/B$\sub$0/, W$\sub$0/L$\sub$1/B$\sub$0/, W$\sub$0/L$\sub$0/B$\sub$1/, W$\sub$0/L$\sub$1/B$\sub$1/, W$\sub$1/L$\sub$0/B$\sub$0/, W$\sub$1/L$\sub$1/B$\sub$0/, W$\sub$1/L$\sub$1/ B$\sub$0/, W$\sub$1/L$\sub$0/B$\sub$1/, W$\sub$1/L$\sub$1/B$\sub$1). WV supplemental groups significantly improved feed conversion of all treatments(P＜0.05). There were no interaction in weight gain and feed intake. Total cholesterol was signficantly decreased in WV plus lactobacillus and ladtobacillus plus bacillus treatments. Liver to body ratio(%) of lactobacillus plus WV significantly decreased compared to that of other treatments. The results of these experiments showed that wood vinegar tended to improve the performance of broiler chicks, but was not effect in its combination with lactobacillus or bacillus treatments.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.365-366
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• 2007

High quality cathode with high deposition rate of thin films and long target life time is required for manufacturing TFT-LCD and semiconductor. We developed WV(wide view) sputtering cathode with wide erosion area and high deposition rate. Ti thin film thickness variation in WV cathode is below 5% for 380 kWh target life time. Al thin film thickness using normal cathode is decreased about 20%. By using WV cathode, target using efficiency was improved 40%. in comparison with normal cathode.