• 한국정보과학회논문지:정보통신
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.543-552
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• 2002

Wireless Application Protocol(WAP) 포럼에서는 무선 환경의 특성에 적합하도록 HyperText Transfer Protocol(HTTP)를 수정 보완한 Wireless Session Protocol(WSP)를 제안하였다 WSP는 무선 구간에서의 프로토콜 성능을 상당부분 개선하였고, 무선 환경을 고려한 다양한 서비스를 제공하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 WSP에 프로토콜 메시지 압축 기능을 추가하여 기존 프로토콜의 성능을 더욱 개선하였다. 그리고, 기존의 WSP 구현물과 프로토콜 메시지 압축 기능을 추가한 WSP+ 구현물의 성능을 측정하고 비교하였다. 그 결과 본 논문에서 제안한 프로토콜 메시지 압축기능은 기존 WSP에 비하여 응답 트래픽을 약 45% 감소시켰다. 그리고, 비트 오류 발생률이 $10^{-4}$인 실험 환경에서 패킷 손실률과 트랜잭션당 시간 지연을 40% 이상 개선하였다. 이러한 측정 결과에서 알 수 있듯이, 프로토콜 메시지 압축 기능은 무선 구간에서 전달되는 메시지의 크기를 줄임으로써 패킷의 손실률을 낮추어 트랜잭션 계층에서의 메시지 재전송 횟수를 줄이고 트랜잭션당 시간 지연을 단축하였다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.81-89
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• 1995

The antitumor activities of the cell bound polysaccharide(CBP), water soluble polysaccharide(WSP) and sulfated polysaccharide(SP) of Zoogloea sp. were observe. The results obtained were as follows : 1) The CBP, WSP, and SP showed cytotoxic effect on the Meth A cells in vitro, however, the effect of CBP and WSP was more ten-fold greater than that pf SP. 2) When CBP, WSP, and SP was inoculated into the peritoneal cavity of the Meth A cells transplanted mice, the average survival days tended to prolonged slightly as compared with the control. 3) When Meth A cells were transplanted subcutaneously into the back side of mice, and then CBP, WSP, and Sp was inoculated into the peritoneal cavity of mice, the tumor growth inhibition ratio was 46.9% for WSP, 40.4% for CBP, and 16.2% for SP. 4) The phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages elicited with CBP, WSP, and SP was significantly increased than that of control. 5) The production of nitric oxide in the peritoneal macrophages stimulated with CBP, WSP, SP, and LPS aloneo was not increased than that of control. The production of nitric oxide in the peritoneal macrophages stimulated with IFN-r and CBP, IFN-r and WSP and IFN-r and SP was significantly increased than that of control, but in the case of stimulated with IFN-r and WSP was increased 50% for CBP and SP. These results suggest that the CBP, WSP and SP of Zoogloea sp. showed direct cytotoxic effect and tumor growth inhibition on Meth A cells in vitro and in vivo, and induced nitric oxide production of activated macrophages.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.52-61
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• 2017

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different concentrations of WSP (wheat sprout powder) and ISP (isolated soy protein) on the quality of breakfast sausage. Treatments were formulated as follows: Control, T1 (2.0% ISP), T2 (1.5% ISP + 0.5% WSP), T3 (1.0% ISP + 1.0% WSP), T4 (0.5% ISP + 1.5% WSP) and T5 (2.0% WSP). The treatments were analyzed for color, pH, cooking loss, emulsion stability, protein solubility, viscosity, texture properties and sensory evaluation. Lightness and redness were reduced and yellowness was increased as increased level of WSP, due to the dark green color of WSP (p<0.05). The pH values of all samples were affected by WSP which has lower pH (p<0.05). The emulsion stability and cooking loss of treatments were improved with increasing level of WSP (p<0.05). The protein solubility, viscosity and overall texture properties of the sausage indicated significant differences in relation to the level of WSP and ISP (p<0.05). The sensory evaluation indicated that the greatest flavor and overall acceptability in sausage was achieved at WSP 1% combination with ISP 1% (T3) (p<0.05). Therefore, these results indicate that breakfast sausage containing 1% WSP and 1% ISP is the optimal formulation, taking into consideration the overall physico-chemical properties and sensory evaluation.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to determine the optimization mixing ratio of wheat sprout powder (WSP) and hemicellulase for the preparation of white pan bread. Using a response surface methodology, independent variables were WSP and hemicellulase. Dependent variables were physicochemical properties, antioxidant properties and sensory evaluation. Water binding capacity of dough increased with increasing WSP. Color value showed positive correlations with WSP. L value decreased and a, b values increased as WSP increased. The adjusted determination coefficient of texture analysis was calculated to be 0.7230~0.9446 having the p-value less than 0.1. Specific volume of bread showed a positive correlation with hemicellulase and a negative correlation with WSP. DPPH radical scavenging activity and total polyphenol were represented by a linear model and showed positive correlations with WSP. Sensory evaluation were represented by a quadratic model. In conclusion, the optimal formulation for WSP added bread, as assessed by numerical and graphical optimization methods, was WSP 2.36%, hemicellulase 0.069% per wheat flour 100 g. The above results indicate that WSP can be used as health-oriented material in the bread industry. This is also expected to meet demands of consumers who are in the pursuit of healthy food.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.323-329
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• 2005

본 논문은 호기-혐기 조건이 연속적으로 반복 운영되는 자연정화시스템의 질소제거에 관한여 연구하였다. 조류 광합성 활동을 극대화한 산화지(WSP: Waste Stabilization Pond)에서 호기조건을, 부레옥잠 잎과 줄기에 의해 태양광이 차단되어 산화지로부터 유입된 조류의 내호흡과 뿌리에 부착된 미생물 호흡에 의해 혐기조건이 형성되는 WHP(Water Hyacinth Pond)를 조합하여 운전하였다. Pilot plant는 2개 계열로 구성하여 운전하였다. 첫번째는 WHPs와 WSPs로 조합하였고, 두번째는 WSP와 질산화와 탈질화에 대한 식물의 효과를 평가하기 위해 대조반응조로 태양광을 차단한 반응조(DPs: Dark Ponds)를 조합하였다. 연구결과에 따르면 질소에 대한 전체적인 제거능력은 WSP-WHP에서 발휘되었으며 약 86%가 감소되었고 대조반응조 WSP-DP에서는 36%가 감소되었다. 대부분 질소는 WSP에서 질산화 된 후 WHP에서 탈질에 의해 제거되었다. 탈질이 원활히 수행될려면 외부탄소원이 필요한데 수생식물조 하부 수층에서 조류의 부패로 탄소원이 공급되었다. 그리고 WSP-WHP 시스템은 인 제거에도 매우 효과적이었다. WSP-WHP에서 인 제거율은 81%인 반면에 WSP-DPs에서는 단지 16%에 불과했다. 이들 두 시스템간의 인 제거율의 차이는 아마도 식물증식과 식물 뿌리에서 생산된 Extra-cellular 물질에 기인한다고 여겨지며 이러한 부분에 대해서는 향후 심도 있는 연구가 진행되어야 할 것이다.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.59-68
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• 2011

본 연구는 토양개량재 혼합구에서 고분자 중합체 비율이 주요 초종의 잔디품질에 미치는 영향을 조사함으로 수분 흡수 중합체를 이용한 토양개량재의 개발 및 실무 응용에 활용할 수 있는 기초자료를 얻기 위해 수행하였다. 토양개량제 혼합구는 모래, 토양개량재 SOA 및 중합제 WSP를 이용하여 전체 12개 처리구틀 준비하였다. 온실에서 생장한 크리핑 벤트그래스, 켄터키 블루그래스 및 들잔디의 잔디품질은 토양개량재 SOA 및 WSP 중합체 혼합비율에 따라 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 초종별 잔디품질은 크리핑 벤트그래스 > 들잔디 > 켄터키 블루그래스 순서로 나타났고, 시각적 잔디품질 점수는 WSP 중합체 혼합비율에 따라 크리핑 벤트그래스 0.3~9.6, 켄터키 블루그래스 0.3~4.0 및 들잔디 0.9~5.8 사이로 초종 간 최대 5.6정도 차이가 있었다. 3종류 공시초종에서 잔디품질의 변화패턴은 WSP 중합체 혼합비율에 따라 경시적으로 다르게 나타났으며, 잔디품질을 고려할 때 혼합비율은 크리핑 벤트그래스와 들잔디는 5%, 켄터키 블루그래스는 5~10% 범위가 적절하였다. 잔디품질에 대한 전반적인 WSP 중합체 처리효과는 크리핑 벤트그래스, 켄터키 블루그래스 및 들잔디 모두 SOA 20% 혼합구에서 가장 양호하게 나타났다. 그리고 토양개량재 SOA를 함유한 식재층 토양에 WSP 중합체 혼합 시 SOA 혼합비율은 한지형인 크리핑 벤트그래스와 켄터키 블루그래스의 경우 15~20% 사이, 그리고 난지형인 들잔디는 20% 정도를 혼합하는 것이 적절하다고 판단되었다. 향후 유가질 토양개량재를 함유한 식재층 토양에서 0~15% 사이의 저수준의 WSP 중합체 혼합과 함께 칼슘, 펄라이트 등 무기 영양분이 초장, 밀도 및 품질 등 잔디생육 특성에 대한 효과검정을 통해 WSP 중합체를 이용한 토양개량재의 개발 및 실무 응용에 활용하는 것이 바람직하다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.25-25
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• 1995

The antitumor activities of the cell bound polysaccharide(CBP), water soluble polysaccharide(WSP) and sulfated polysaccharide(SP) of Zoogloea sp. were observe. The results obtained were as follows : 1) The CBP, WSP, and SP showed cytotoxic effect on the Meth A cells in vitro, however, the effect of CBP and WSP was more ten-fold greater than that pf SP. 2) When CBP, WSP, and SP was inoculated into the peritoneal cavity of the Meth A cells transplanted mice, the average survival days tended to prolonged slightly as compared with the control. 3) When Meth A cells were transplanted subcutaneously into the back side of mice, and then CBP, WSP, and Sp was inoculated into the peritoneal cavity of mice, the tumor growth inhibition ratio was 46.9% for WSP, 40.4% for CBP, and 16.2% for SP. 4) The phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages elicited with CBP, WSP, and SP was significantly increased than that of control. 5) The production of nitric oxide in the peritoneal macrophages stimulated with CBP, WSP, SP, and LPS aloneo was not increased than that of control. The production of nitric oxide in the peritoneal macrophages stimulated with IFN-r and CBP, IFN-r and WSP and IFN-r and SP was significantly increased than that of control, but in the case of stimulated with IFN-r and WSP was increased 50% for CBP and SP. These results suggest that the CBP, WSP and SP of Zoogloea sp. showed direct cytotoxic effect and tumor growth inhibition on Meth A cells in vitro and in vivo, and induced nitric oxide production of activated macrophages.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제22권6호통권96호
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• pp.905-913
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• 2006

The properties of water soluble powder of propolis(WSP), made with different levels(0, 20, 40, 60, 80%) of ethanol extract of propolis(EEP) and hydrocolloid were investigated, along with the quality changes of its bread after 7 days' of storage at $30^{\circ}C$ The yield of WSP containing 40% EEP treated at $160^{\circ}C$ was the highest at 59.3% and the brown color of all the powders tended to be darkened with increasing EEP content. The turbidity of WSP treated at higher temperature was decreased in its aqueous solution (10%, w/w), and this was considered to be due to the presence of minute nonsoluble particles. Antioxidative activities determined by DPPH(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) were the lowest in WSP treated at $140^{\circ}C$, while those of the WSP samples prepared at 160 and $180^{\circ}C$ were as high as that of WSP containing more than 40% EEP, regardless of EEP concentration. The propolis breads with added WSP made at $160^{\circ}C$ were selected as the most desirable powder for subsequent study. Bread with WSP40 was the heaviest while the volume loss of WSP80 was the greast after baking. The moisture contents of the propolis bread were drastically decreased until 3 days' of storage, but it was thought that WSP might be ineffective for the prevention of moisture loss. The pH of breads without EEP was decreased after 3 days' of storage, while that of the WSP breads remained almost unchanged until 5 days' of storage. Total bacterial counts also exhibited decay levels during the storage. In conclusion, water soluble powder of propolis is useful as a natural antioxidative and antibacterial material in various types of food.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제18권11호
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• pp.2664-2669
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• 2014

인지무선 (cognitive radio) 환경에서 2차사용자 (secondary user) 들의 일시적인 서비스 요구를 효과적으로 다룰 수 있는 스펙트럼풀링 (spectrum pooling) 기법이 최근 주목을 받고 있다. 스펙트럼풀링은 WSP (wireless service provider) 에 의해서 관리되며, 사용자의 요구가 있을 때, 금전적인 지불을 받고 스펙트럼을 2차사용자에게 대여해 주는 방식이다. 여기서, WSP는 가급적 많은 이윤을 남기기를 원한다. 이 논문에서 우리는 WSP가 유지하는 스펙트럼 풀 (pool) 을 확률 인벤토리모델 (probabilistic inventory model) 로 표현하고 2차사용자의 스펙트럼 요구가 정규분포를 따를 때, WSP가 비용을 최소화시키는 방향으로 인벤토리를 운영하는 전략을 제시한다. WSP가 지불해야하는 비용에는 일반적인 인벤토리 모델과 마찬가지로, 주문비용, 보관비용, 스톡아웃비용이다. 우리는 시뮬레이션을 통해, 고정된 인벤토리 레벨을 유지하는 것보다 확률 인벤토리모델에 의해 결정되는 레벨에 맞추어 유지하는 것이 총 소요 비용을 절약할 수 있음을 보인다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.28-36
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• 1996

This experiment was carried out to elucidate the sugar composition of polysaccharides and the structural features of water-soluble polysaccharides(WSP) isolated from Korean oak mistletoe, Loranthus yadoriki Sieb. The 48-hours ball-milled meals of extractive-free dried mistletoe sawdusts were extracted with distilled water for $24hrs{\times}2$ at room temperature. The extracts poured into 95% ethyl alcohol to precipitate. The separated precipitate of WSP, in form of yellowish white powder by lyophilization, was fractionated into four subfractions of WSP-1, WSP-2, WSP-3 and WSP-4 by anion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose column. The sugar composition of WSPs was analyzed by GLC in form of their glycitol acetates, and the structure of polysaccharides in Fractions WSP-1 and WSP-2 was determined by FT-IR and GC-MS after methylation through and acetylation. The sugars of WSPs from Korean oak mistletoe, Loranthus yadoriki, are majorly arabinose and galactose in stem, galactose in leaves very high in content and showed difference in composition and monomeric units between stems and leaves. D-galactose, D-glucose and L-arabinose are the simple sugars consisting of polysaccharides in WSP-1. ($1{\rightarrow}3$)-Linked galactan is the bakcbone with side chain of ($1{\rightarrow}5$)- -L-arabinofuranosyl residues and ($1{\rightarrow}6$)- -D-galactopyranosyl residues, and ($1{\rightarrow}4$)-linked glucan also presents. ($1{\rightarrow}4$)-Linked rhamnogalacturonan and ($1{\rightarrow}4$)- and ($1{\rightarrow}3$)-linked galactan present in WSP-2.