• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.517-524
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• 2008

In order to classify an satellite imagery into geospatial features of interest, the supervised classification needs to be trained to distinguish these features through training sampling. However, even though an imagery is classified, different results of classification could be generated according to operator's experience and expertise in training process. Users who practically exploit an classification result to their applications need the research accomplishment for the consistent result as well as the accuracy improvement. The experiment includes the classification results for training process used VITD polygons as a prior probability and training parameter, instead of manual sampling. As results, classification accuracy using VITD polygons as prior probabilities shows the highest results in several methods. The training using unsupervised classification with VITD have produced similar classification results as manual training and/or with prior probability.

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2008

The major categories of neuroendocrine tumors of lung are typical carcinoid, atypical carcinoid, large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, and small cell carcinoma. The histologic classification criteria of neuroendocrine tumors are well documented in the "WHO Classification of Tumors" based on mitotic figures and necrosis. Cytologic characteristics of neuroendocrine tumors are trabecular, acinar, and solid arrangement of tumor cells and occasional rosette formation. Nuclear chromatin patterns are characteristically described as "salt and pepper chromatin pattern". Many of cytologic classifications documented in the literature are before the "WHO Classification". In this review, the cytologic features of pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors are documented according to the WHO classification, and recent concepts of neuroendocrine tumors of lung are discussed.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제24권11호
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• pp.43-53
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• 2008

현재 국내에서 사용되고 있는 암반분류법은 발주처인 각 기관별로 표준화되어 있지 않을 뿐만 아니라 그 기준값이 상이하여 각 단계별 참여기술자간에 암반 판정의 불일치가 야기될 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 국내에서 적용되고 있는 암반분류법의 문제점을 개선하기 위하여 국내 암반분류 기준들과 국제적 기준들을 비교, 검토하여 표준화된 분류요소를 제시하고, 각 요소에 대한 기준값을 합리적이며 객관적으로 정량화함으로써 이를 종합적으로 이용하는 평가 방식의 암반분류 안을 제시하였다.

• 대한골관절종양학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2008

연조직종양의 이해는 과거 10년 동안에 걸쳐 주요 변화와 더불어 실질적인 진보가 있었고, 이를 바탕으로 연조직종양의 새로운 분류가 WHO에 의해 2002년에 이루어졌다. 이 개정은 이전에 발표와 상당히 다른 내용의 접근을 하였고, 이 작업에 유전학과 분자생물학 그리고 임상분야의 전문가들이 참여하였다. 여기에서는 과거에 알고 있었거나 특성이 알려진 많은 종양을 포함하여 새로운 큰 변화나 작은 변화가 일어난 부분에 대해서 정리를 하였다. 이러한 내용을 연조직종양의 새로운 WHO 분류를 중심으로 지방세포종, 섬유모세포성/근육섬유모세포 성종과 소위섬유조직구종, 평활근종, 혈관주위종과 근골격종을 중심으로, 큰 변화와 작은 변화로 나누어서 설명하고 새롭게 소개되는 병명을 소개하고 정리하였다. 이 새로운 WHO의 연조직종양의 분류를 이해하여, 종양의 진단과 예후의 재현을 용이하게 하는 필수적인 지침으로 사용할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한골관절종양학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.79-85
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• 2008

연조직종양의 분류는 종양학에서 영상의학과의사와 임상을 담당하는 정형외과의사, 종양학자 그리고 병리학자의 진단과 예후의 재현을 용이하게 하는 필수적인 지침이다. 연조직종양의 이해는 과거 10년 동안에 걸쳐 주요 변화와 더불어 진보가 있었고, 이를 바탕으로 연조직종양의 새로운 분류가 WHO에 의해 2002년에 이루어졌다. 이 개정은 이전에 발표된 분류와 많은 부분에서 다른 내용의 접근을 하였고, 이 작업에는 유전학과 분자생물학 그리고 임상분야의 전문가들이 참여하였다. 여기에서는 과거에 알고 있었거나 특성이 알려진 종양을 포함하여 새로운 큰 변화나 작은 변화가 일어난 부분에 대해서 정리를 하였다. 이러한 내용의 연조직종양의 새로운 WHO 분류를 혈관종, 연골-골종 그리고 불확실한분화종을 중심으로, 큰 변화와 작은 변화로 나누어서 설명하고 새롭게 소개되는 병명을 정리하였다. 이 새로운 WHO의 연조직 종양의 분류를 이해하여, 종양의 진단과 예후의 재현을 용이하게 하는 필수적인 지침으로 사용할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.9-22
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the type of classification criterion and the characteristic of classification strategy that appear in pre-service elementary teachers' classification activity. The 4 tasks were developed for classification activity; button as a real things that attribute is prominent, shell as a real things that attribute is less prominent, snow flake as a picture cards that attribute is prominent, and galaxy as a picture cards that attribute is less prominent. The 5 college students who major in elementary education were selected. Data were collected by interview with participants, participants' classification recording paper, investigator's observation of participants' action observation, and videotaped that record participants' subject classification process. Result proved in this study is as following. First, pre-service elementary teachers used 4 qualitative classification criterion of feature, random field, image and secondary property, and used 2 dimension classification criterion of space and quantity. They used single quality classification criterion or combining dimension classification criterion in classification activity. Second, pre-service elementary teachers have classification strategy that apply each various classification criterion, and also classification strategy are different according to subject, but discussed that "anchor" and "priming effect" are important for effective classification. Result of this study is expected to contribute classification research and classification teaching program development.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권14호
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• pp.5825-5828
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• 2014

Background: Lymphomas represent the fifth most frequent cancer in Lebanon. However, little is known concerning epidemiologic characteristics and distribution of lymphoid neoplasms according to the 2008 WHO classification. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of lymphoma cases diagnosed from 2008 till 2012 at $H\hat{o}tel$-Dieu de France University Hospital. Results: A total of 502 new cases of lymphoma were diagnosed at our institution during a five year period: 119 cases (24%) were Hodgkin lymphomas (HL) and 383 cases (76%) were non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL). HLs were equally distributed in both sexes with a mean age at diagnosis of 30 years. Among NHL, 87% (332 cases) were B cell lymphomas, 9% (34 cases) were T cell lymphomas and 4%(17 cases) were classified as precursor lymphoid neoplasms. Among B cell lymphomas, 44% (147 cases) were diffuse large B cell lymphomas (DLBCL), 20% (65 cases) follicular lymphomas and 8% (27 cases) mantle cell lymphomas. DLBCL were equally distributed in both sexes with a mean age of 58 years. Follicular lymphomas were characterized by a male predominance (57%) and a mean age of 60 years. Mantle cell lymphomas showed a pronounced male predominance (85%) with a mean age of 60 years in men and 70 years in women. Some 72% of patients having T cell lymphomas were men, with a mean age of 57 years in men and 45 years in women, while 65% of patients having precursor lymphoid neoplasms were women with a mean age of 22 years in women and 30 years in men. Conclusions: The lymphoma subtype distribution in Lebanon is unique when compared to other countries from around the world. In fact, Hodgkin and follicular lymphomas are more frequent than in most Far Eastern, European and American countries, while T-cell lymphomas and DLBCL are less frequent.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.115-123
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• 2013

식품안전관리는 과학적 근거에 따라 진행되어야 한다. FAO/WHO에서는 식품안전관리 4대 원칙 중 하나로 위해성 분석을 제시하고 있으며, WTO에서는 위해성 평가에 입각한 경우에 한하여 자체적인 안전기준을 인정하고 있다. 과학적 분석 없이는 식중독 발생의 원인을 추적 제거함으로써 재발을 막는 것 또한 불가능하다. 연구개발은 과학적 근거를 생산하는 중요한 역할을 한다. 정부의 식품안전 연구개발은 11개 정부기관에서 40개가 넘는 사업을 통해 진행되고 있다. 그렇다보니 정확한 통계 자료를 확보하기 어렵다. 본 연구에서는 사업명, 과학기술표준분류, 키워드라는 3가지 기준에 따라 국가과학기술지식정보서비스(NTIS)에서 제공하는 데이터베이스를 활용해 2008년부터 2010년까지 진행된 식품안전 연구과제를 추출하였다. 분석 결과, 식품의약품안전청과 농림수산식품부 및 농촌진흥청의 연구사업이 중요한 비중을 차지하고 있다. 위해성 평가를 위한 기초자료 확보 등을 위해서는 현재보다 1년 이상 다년도 과제의 비중을 높일 필요가 있다. 또한 SCI 논문을 투고할 수 있는 수준으로 연구의 깊이를 높일 필요도 있다. 노로바이러스 등 생물학적 위해에 대한 연구비중을 높이는 방향으로 연구 포트폴리오의 조정이 필요하다. 이를 위해서는 식품안전 관련 사업의 통합 집중화할 필요가 있다. 별다른 차이가 없음에도 부처가 다르다보니 별도로 설정하고 있는 식품안전관리와 농축산물 위생/품질관리로 이원화된 과학기술표준분류의 통합도 필요하다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제63권1호
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• pp.108-118
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• 2020

Objective : This study aimed to determine the incidence and analyze trends of the herniated lumbar disc (HLD) based on a national database in the Republic of Korea (ROK) from January 2008 to December 2016. Methods : This study was a retrospective analysis of data obtained from the national health-claim database provided by the National Health Insurance Service for 2008-2016 using the International Classification of Diseases. The crude incidence and age-standardized incidence of HLD were calculated, and additional analysis was conducted according to age and sex. Changes in trends in treatment methods and some treatments were analyzed using the Korean Classification of Diseases procedure codes. Results : The number of patients diagnosed with HLD was 472245 in 2008 and increased to 537577 in 2012; however, it decreased to 478697 in 2016. The pattern of crude incidence and the standardized incidence were also similar. Overall, the incidence of HLD increased annually for the 30s, 40s, 50s, and 70s until 2012 and then decreased. However, the incidence of HLD for the 80s continued to increase. The crude incidence of HLD in female patients exceeded that of male patients in their middle age (30s or 40s) and was 1.5-1.6 times higher than in male patients in their 60s. The total number of open discectomy (OD) increased from 71598 in 2008 to 93942 in 2012 and then decreased to 85846 in 2016. The rate of younger patients (the 20s, 30s, and 40s) who underwent OD was decreased, and the rate of younger patients who underwent percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy was increased. However, the rate of older patients (the 70s and 80s) who underwent OD was continuously increased. Conclusion : This nationwide data on HLD from 2008 to 2016 in the ROK demonstrated that the crude incidence and the standardized incidence increased until 2012 and then decreased. The annual crude incidence was different according to age and sex. These findings may be considered when deciding future health policy, especially in countries with a similar national health insurance system (or with plans to adopt).

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.108-115
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• 2009

Purpose: We designed a retrospective study to measure the accuracy of the ICD-10 (International Classification of Disease-10) code for trauma patients. We also analyzed the error of the ICISS (International Classification of Disease based Injury Severity Score) due to a missing or an incorrect ICD-10 code. Methods: For the measuring the accuracy of the ICD-10 code for trauma patients in a tertiary teaching hospital's emergency department, two board certified emergency physician performed a retrospective chart review. The ICD-10 code was classified as a main code or a sub-code. The main code was defined as the code of the main department of treatment, and the sub-code was defined as a code other than the main code. We calculated and compared two ICISS for each patient one by using both the existing code and the other by using a corrected code. We compared the proportions of severe trauma (defined as an ICISS less than 0.9) between when the existing code and the corrected code was used respectively. Results: We reviewed the records of 4287 trauma patients who had been treated from July 2008 to November 2008. The accuracy of the main code, the sub-code of emergency department, main-code, the sub-code of hospitalized patients were 97.1%, 59.8%, 98.2% and 57.0%, respectively. Total accuracy of the main and sub-code of emergency department and of hospitalized patients were 91.4% and 58.6%. The number of severe trauma patients increased from 33 to 49 when the corrected code was used in emergency department and increased from 35 to 60 in hospitalized patients. Conclusion: The accuracy of the sub-code was lower than that of the main code. A missing or incorrect subcode could cause an error in the ICISS and in the number of patients with severe trauma.