• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2015.07a
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• pp.1331-1332
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• 2015

본 논문은 CAN(Controller Area Network) 통신의 WCRT(Worst Case Response Time) 분석을 통해 IEEE1212 기반 RTU(Remote Terminal Unit)의 통신 신뢰성을 검증한다. RTU는 원격지에서 네트워크를 구성하여 각 모듈들로부터 획득한 정보를 서버로 전송하거나 원격지를 제어하는 역할을 한다. 본 논문에서 대상으로 하는 RTU의 네트워크는 물리계층과 데이터링크 계층은 CAN을 사용하고 응용계층은 IEEE1212 기반으로 통신한다. 즉, RTU를 구성하는 모듈은 각각메모리 영역을 가지고 있고, CAN ID에 메모리 주소를 포함하여 해당 영역을 쓰는 구조로 통신을 한다. 첫 번째로 이러한 응용계층을 고려하여 WCRT를 계산하는 방법을 제시하고, 두 번째로 CAN 메시지의 우선 순위를 최적화하는 방법을 고찰한다. 마지막으로 시험 환경을 구축하고 시뮬레이션을 통해 앞에서 선정한 우선순위에 따라 통신 신뢰성을 검증한다.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.114-120
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• 2002

In a distributed real-time control system, it is essential to confirm the timing behavior of all tasks because these tasks of each real-time controller have to finish their processes within the specified time intervals called a deadline. In order to satisfy this objective, the timing analysis of a distributed real-time system such as shcedulability test must be performed during the system design phase. In this study, a simple application of CAN fur a vehicle body network system is formulated to apply to a holistic scheduling analysis, and the worst-case execution time (WCET) and the worst-case end-to-end response time (WCRT) are evaluated in the point of holistic system view.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.11 no.6 s.44
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• pp.113-123
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• 2006

Flash memory has been increasingly used in handhold devices not only for data storage, but also for code storage. Because NAND flash memory only provides sequential access feature, a traditionally accepted solution to execute the program from NAND flash memory is shadowing. But, shadowing has significant drawbacks increasing a booting time of the system and consuming severe DRAM space. Demand paging has obtained significant attention for program execution from NAND flash memory. But. one of the issues is that there has been no effort to bound demand paging cost in flash memory and to analyze the worst case performance of demand paging. For the worst case timing analysis of programs running from NAND flash memory. the worst case demand paging costs should be estimated. In this paper, we propose two different WCRT analysis methods considering demand paging costs, DP-Pessimistic and DP-Accurate, depending on the accuracy and the complexity of analysis. Also, we compare the accuracy butween DP-Pessimistic and DP-Accurate by using the simulation.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.148-159
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• 2005

We propose a technique for finding the worst case response time (WCRT) of a DMA request that is needed in the schedulability analysis of a whole real-time system. The technique consists of three steps. In the first step, we find the worst case bus usage pattern of each CPU task. Then in the second step, we combine the worst case bus usage pattern of CPU tasks to construct the worst case bus usage pattern of the CPU. This second step considers not only the bus requests made by CPU tasks individually but also those due to preemptions among the CPU tasks. finally, in the third step, we use the worst case bus usage pattern of the CPU to derive the WCRT of DMA requests assuming the fixed-priority bus arbitration protocol. Experimental results show that overestimation of the DMA response time by the proposed technique is within $20\%$ for most DMA request sizes and that the percentage overestimation decreases as the DMA request size increases.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2005.10b
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• pp.505-507
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• 2005

In this paper, a timing analysis is performed for the CAN-based simulator system for a fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles. The CAN protocol is recently being used for conventional vehicles, however, the network-induced delay can make the in-vehicle network system unstable. This problem may be occurred in the future vehicles because more ECUs are being required than recent vehicles. In order to develop a stable network-based control system, timing analysis is required at the design process. Throughout this analysis, timing parameters that affect transmission delay are examined and an effective method of predicting a sampling time for a stable communication via CAN protocol. In order to show the validityof suggested timing analysis. some experiments are performed using DSPs with CAN module.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.396-404
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• 2012

This paper proposes an analysis method to check the schedulability of a set of sporadic tasks under earliest deadline first (EDF) scheduler. The sporadic task model consists of subtasks with precedence constraints, arbitrary arrival times and deadlines. In order to determine the schedulability, we present an approach to find exact worst case response time (WCRT) of subtatsks. With the technique presented in this paper, we exploit the precedence relations between subtasks in an accurate way while taking advantage of the deadline of different subtasks. Another nice feature of our approach is that it avoids calculation time overhead by exploiting the concept of deadline busy period. Experimental results show that this consideration leads to a significant improvement compared with existing work.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.269-276
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• 2004

There has been considerable activity in recent years in developing timing analysis algorithms for distributed real-time control systems. However, it is difficult for control engineers to analyze the timing behavior of distributed real-time control systems because the algorithms was developed in a software engineer's position and the calculation of the algorithm is very complex. Therefore, there is a need to develop a timing analysis tool, which can handle the calculation complexity of the timing analysis algorithms in order to help control engineers easily analyze or develop the distributed real-time control systems. In this paper, an interactive timing analysis tool, called RAT (Response-time Analysis Tool), is introduced. RAT can perform the schedulability analysis for development of distributed real-time control systems. The schedulability analysis can verify whether all real-time tasks and messages in a system will be completed by their deadlines in the system design phase. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of end-to-end scheduling, RAT can perform the schedulability analysis for series of tasks and messages in a precedence relationship.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2007.06b
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• pp.445-450
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• 2007

NAND 플래시 메모리 기반의 실시간 임베디드 시스템에서는 일반적으로 shadowing 기법을 통해 프로그램을 수행한다. 그러나 shadowing 기법은 시스템의 부팅 시간을 증가시키고 불필요한 DRAM 영역을 차지한다는 단점 때문에 자원 제약이 심한 실시간 임베디드 시스템에는 적합하지 않다. 이에 대한 대안 중 하나는 demand paging 기법을 활용하는 것이다. 단, demand paging 환경에서는 page fault에 의한 시간 지연 때문에 태스크의 최악 실행 성능을 예측하기 어렵다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 NAND 플래시 메모리 기반의 실시간 임베디드 시스템에서 demand paging 비용을 고려한 태스크 최악 성능 분석 기법을 제안한다. 제안하는 기법은 각 태스크에 대해 demand paging 비용을 계산하고, 이를 전통적인 WCRT 분석 기법과 결합하는 방법을 사용한다. 또한 demand paging 비용과 WCET 분석을 독립적으로 고려함으로써, 최악의 경우에도 분석 결과의 안정성을 보장하고 기존의 방법에 비해 분석 복잡도를 줄였다.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.194-203
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• 2005

The process of guaranteeing that a distributed real-time control system will meet its timing constraints, is referred to as schedulability analysis. However, schedulability analysis algorithm cannot be simply used to analyze the system because of complex calculations of algorithm. It is difficult for control engineer to understand the algorithm because it was developed in a software engineer's position. In this paper we introduce a Response-time Analysis Tool(RAT) which provides easy way far system designer to analyze the system by encapsulating calculation complexity. Based on the RAT, control engineer can verify whether all real-time tasks and messages in a system will be completed by their deadline in the system design phase.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.186-195
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• 2006

In real-time control systems, the traditional timing analysis based on worst-case response-time(WCRT) is too conservative for the firm and soft real-time control systems, which permit the maximum utilization factor greater than one. We suggested a probabilistic analysis method possible to apply the firm and soft real-time control systems under considering dependency relationship between tasks. The proposed technique determines the deadline miss probability(DMP) of each task from computing the average response-time distribution under a fixed-priority scheduling policy. The method improves the predictable ability forthe average performance and the temporal behavior of real-time control systems.