• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.51-62
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of microcurrent on fatigue of muscles in people who were flat-footed during gait. Methods: 10 flat-footed university students volunteered to participate in this study. 10 flat-footed subjects were divided into 2 groups, one group was experimental group of 5subjects(This group put on microcurrent induction shoes but the subjects were not able to feel the current.) and the other group was the control group of 5subjects(This group put on the general shoes which were similar in shape but microcurrent was not induced.) to perform double blind test and random sampling. Their gait muscle fatigue of 6 regions (vastus medialis, gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior, biceps femoris, erector spinae, and rectus abdominis muscle.) was measured by EMG MP150, Delsys Inc Boston, USA during walking and then they carried out the Harvard step with a platform (It was a arbitrarily made wooden platform of 100cm long, 50cm wide, 60cm high. They carried out climbing it for one second and descending it for one second by using the Metronome program, total 5minutes) for 5minutes. Right after that, the subjects walked on a treadmill at a speed of 4km/h for 10minutes and then their gait muscle fatigue of 6regions was assessed while they were walking on the ground as equally as before exercise. Results: The experimental group has resulted in lower average differences in gait muscle fatigue before and after exercise than those of the control group average 12.24Hz(P=0.009) at vastus medialis, average 8.52Hz(P=0.016) at gastrocnemius, average 9.16Hz(P=0.009) at tibialis anterior, average 8.66Hz(P=0.047) at biceps femoris, average 7.53Hz(P=0.016) at erector spinae, and average 7.80Hz(P=0.047) at rectus abdominis. All of the assessments of muscles have shown significant difference statistically. Conclusions: This result has shown that the use of micro current could decrease gait muscle fatigue of flat-footed people. It is recommended to use a microcurrent to reduce their gait muscle fatigue.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.113-122
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• 2015

Objective : The purpose of this study was to analyze the foot-pressure distribution of 2D(2 dimensional form) & 3D(3 dimensional form; a customized arch-fit for posture correction) insoles for assessing their biomechanical functionality. Background : Recently there has been increased interest in both foot health and foot pain patients. Analysis of the plantar pressure was often used to solve the problems of the foot displayed by such people as rheumatoid arthritis patients. Method : Subjects who participated in this study were 17 female university students who had no previous injury experience in lower limbs and a normal gait pattern. The shoe size of all subjects was 240 mm. Two models of insoles of 2D(typical flat insole - 2 dimensional form) and 3D(special production - 3 dimensional form) were selected for the test. Using the Pedar-X system and Pedar-X insoles, 4.0 km/h of walking speed, and a compilation of 50 steps walking stages were used to analyze foot-pressure distribution. Results : Results of the foot-pressure distribution and biomechanical functionality on each insole were as follows; analyses of mean plantar pressure, maximum plantar pressure, maximum vertical GRF, and plantar pressure curve shape all showed overall low plantar pressure and GRF. Conclusion : This can be evaluated as an excellent insole for low levels on the plantar pressure and GRF. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that according to this analysis the 3D Customized Arch-fit Insole was better than 2D insole on the basis of these criteria.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.15-30
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was analyzed the effect of kinematical and kinetical factors of lower extremity of form change in the cause of growth an unborn child during in pregnancy. Three pregnant women were selected from pregnant 24 weeks as subjects. Each subjects were required to walk with usual walking speed. Cinematographic and GRF data were collected during walking, and the kinematical and kinetical variables were calculated using Kwon3d. Based on the results of the study, the following conclusions were drawn : 1. Step width and Step length The change of form during the period of pregnancy was not statistically found significant in the step width and the step length. 2. Angle of lower extremity 1) The change of form during the period of pregnancy was not statistically found significant in the hip angle at right heel contact, mid stance, but it was statistically found significant in the hip angle at toe off on p<.05. 2) The change of form during the period of pregnancy was not statistically found significant in the knee angle at right heel contact, mid stance, but it was statistically found significant in the knee angle at toe off on p<.05. 3) The change of form during the period of pregnancy was not statistically found significant in the ankle angle at right heel contact, mid stance, but it was statistically found significant in the ankle angle at toe off on p<.05. 3. Ground reaction force 1) The change of form during the period of pregnancy was statistically found significant in medial-lateral force(Fx) on p<.001. 2) The change of form during the period of pregnancy was not statistically found significant in post-anterior force(Fy). 3) The change of form during the period of pregnancy was statistically found significant in impulse force and minimum peak of vertical reaction force on p<.001, p<.01 but it was not statistically found significant in second maximum force.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.127-145
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• 1997

The purpose of this study wa9 to analyse the gait patterns of two female children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy by using the three-dimensional video motion analysis technique. Case 1 has mild spastic hemiplegia on the right side while Case 3 has moderate spastic hemiplegia on the left side. A group of 10, normal female children of the same age(7-8 years old) were selected as the control group for comparison. Time and distance variables as well as the Center of Mass displacement, and the pelvic and joint motions in three anatomical planes were analysed for this purpose. The following observations were made through the analysis : Case 1 revealed an asymmetrical gait pattern in which the step length of the unaffected side was shorter than that of the affected side, which wan a result of the effort to minimize loading on the affected leg by shortening the swing phase of the unaffected leg. Case 1 scored similar phase ratios, cadence and walking velocity to the normal group. A slight posterior tilt of the pelvis was observed throughout the gait cycle. Less hip and knee flexion than the normal group was observed, and demonstrated hyperextension of the knee in the terminal stance phase. The main problem in case 1 originated from the insufficient dorsiflexion of the affected foot during the swing phase. Therefore, Case 1 has difficulty with foot clearance in the swing phase. Usually, this is compensated for by using exessive hip abduction and medial rotation in conjuction with trunk elevation as well as increased vortical displacement of the center of mass. Case 1 revealed a foot-flat initial contact pattern. Case 2 was characterized by a consistent retraction ef the affected aide of the body througout the gait cycle, As a result, an asymmetrical gait pattern with increased stance phase ratios of the unaffected side was observed. In spite of this the step lengths of both sieds were similar. Case 2 scored lower cadence and walking speed than the normal group with lower gait stability. The main problem in Case 2 originated from an excessive plantaflexion of the affected foot which, in turn, rebutted in high hip and knee flexion. Hyperextension of the knee was observed at mid-stance, and execessive anterior tilt of the pelvis throughout the gait cycle was noticed. A gait pattern with high hip abduction and medial circumduction was maintained for the stability in the stance phase and foot clearance in the swing phase. Case 2 revealed a forefoot-contact initial contact pattern.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.181-189
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• 2015

동력의족은 하지 절단 환자나 다리근력이 부족한 사람들의 보행 보조를 위해 사용된다. 동력의족의 자연스러운 구동을 위해 선 보행단계가 잘 분류되어야 한다. 물리센서를 이용하여 보행단계를 분류하는 기존 연구는 동력의족이 사전에 훈련된 보행속도로만 재현되는 단점이 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 물리센서를 사용하지 않고, 근전도 신호만을 이용하여 오르막, 내리막 계단보행을 각각 4단계로 분류하는 방법을 제안한다. 근전도 신호를 RMS, VAR, MAV, SSC, ZC, WAMP 특징으로 산출하여 LDA(Linear Discriminant Analysis) 분류기를 통해 보행단계를 인식한다. 훈련 단계에서는 AHRS센서를 이용하여 무릎각도 변화에 따른 보행단계 범위를 생성한다. 실험 결과, 선행 연구의 경우 오르막 보행에서 평균 58.5%, 내리막 보행에서 35.3%의 정확도를 보인다. 반면, 제안하는 방법은 오르막 보행에서 평균 85.6%, 내리막 보행에서 69.5%의 인식률을 보인다. 또한, 본 연구를 통해 개별 근육 별 보행단계 평균 인식률을 분석하였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2020

본 연구는 장애 아동을 전문으로 보육하는 2개 장애아 전문 어린이집을 대상으로 피난 훈련을 통해 피난 행태를 분석함으로서, 건축 및 피난 환경 개선 방안을 제시하는데 있다. 연구 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 도출하였다. 첫째, 장애아 전문 어린이집의 입지여건은 소방서 및 119 안전센터로부터 반경 1Km 또는 5분 이내 위치하고 있으나, 건축 및 피난 환경은 시설 여건에 따라 매우 상이하게 나타나고 있다. 둘째, 장애 아동의 피난 행태는 장애 유형에 따라, 안고 피난하는 경우, 안고 걸리고 피난하는 경우, 휠체어 피난, 그리고 매트로 피난하는 경우 등 다양한 피난 행태를 보이고 있다. 셋째, 피난 거리 및 피난 속도 분석결과, 장애 아동을 안고 피난하는 경우, 안고 걸리면서 피난하는 경우, 그리고 휠체어 피난의 경우 등으로 속도 차이를 보이고 있다. 특히 수직 피난이 어려운 장애 아동의 경우, 소방관이 구난할 때까지 기다릴 수 있는 임시 피난구역을 각 층별로 설치하는 것이 바람직해 보인다.

• 지역연구
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.29-41
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• 2017

본 논문에서는 서울 대도시권의 대중교통체계를 구성하는 서울 시내버스 시스템과 수도권 지하철 시스템을 통합한 교통망의 각 노드인 버스정류장이나 지하철역의 시간거리 접근성을 계산하는 알고리즘을 제안하고 그 결과를 분석한다. 서울 대도시권 대중 교통망 그래프의 링크는 승객들이 노드들을 이동하는 데 소요되는 시간을 가중치로 설정하였다. 버스 노선과 지하철 노선의 노드들을 연결하는 링크들의 가중치는 교통카드 트랜잭션 데이터베이스로부터 추출된 노선별 속도에 따라 인접한 노드들 사이의 이동시간으로 설정하고, 승객들이 도보로 이동할 수 있는 일정 거리 이내인 노드들 사이의 링크의 가중치는 승객의 도보 이동 시간으로 설정하였다. 최단 경로의 시간거리를 찾는 알고리즘의 입력으로 링크들의 가중치를 표현한 시간 거리 인접 행렬을 사용하고 그 출력으로 노드들의 최단 시간 거리 행렬을 구하여 각 노드의 접근도와 평균 이동시간을 계산하였다. 2013년도 데이터를 사용한 실험 결과에서 서울 대도시권 대중교통체계 통합 교통망의 노드들의 개수는 서울 시내 600개 버스노선들에 연결되어 있는 버스정류장 15,702개와 수도권 지하철 16개 노선들에 연결된 지하철역 575개를 합하면 16,277개가 된다. 이 논문에서 서울 대도시권 통합 교통망과 이미 연구되었던 서울 시내버스 교통망 및 수도권 지하철 교통망을 평균 접근도와 평균 이동시간 관점에서 비교 분석하였다. 본 논문은 서울 대도시권 대중교통체계의 버스와 지하철 통합 교통망에서 각 노드의 접근도를 계산하는 첫 번째 연구 결과를 서술한다.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.112-128
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• 2018

국내는 온실가스를 줄이고 보행자 중심의 친환경 도시를 지향하고자 일부지역에 보행자 우선지역을 시행하고 있다. 이는 대중교통 중심의 서비스 개선 및 여유로운 보행공간의 확보 측면에서 시민의 만족도가 높았으며, 친환경 교통수단의 도입으로 온실가스의 감축효과에 기여했다. 그러나 보행자 우선지역은 보행환경 개선 측면에는 영향력이 높지만 주변 교통흐름에는 악영향을 주는 만큼 시행에 따른 교통 환경 변화를 예측할 필요가 있다. 본 연구는 수원시 행궁동 생태교통 지역을 중심으로 보행자 우선도로 시행에 따라 행사주변의 효과를 도출하기 위해 사전사후 평가를 활용한 교통사고 특성변화를 분석하였다. 분석결과 보행자 우선도로는 보행자 중심으로 설계되어 운영되는 만큼 보행자 관련 사고는 줄었으나, 차량의 회전교통 제한에 따른 불법유턴 사고 및 속도 저하에 따른 신호위반 사고가 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 각 지역에는 행사를 시행하기 전 운전자에게 각별한 주의가 요구되며, 행사구역 인근에 본 연구 특성이 반영된 안전표지판 및 어플 정보를 제공하여 교통사고에 유념할 필요가 있겠다.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.47-52
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• 2012

Purpose : The purpose of the study was to examine if a respiratory muscle strengthening training in patients with stroke can improve their pulmonary function. Methods : Volunteers were included for the study if a patient diagnosed stroke more than 6 months and had 24 points or higher in MMSE-K scores. Twenty-eight subjects participated in this study and were randomly divided into two groups; a breathing exercise group(n=14) and a control group(n=14). The intervention for all subjects was conducted for 20minutes, three times a week for 4 weeks. Subjects for the breathing exercise group had the respiratory muscle strengthening training using spiro-tigers, where-as subjects in the control group got their usual treatment ie a postural training. The six-minute walking test(6MWT) and the pulmonary function tests(FVC, $FEV_1$, $FEV_1$/FVC, VC, Vt, IRV and ERV) were employed to assess treatment effects at baseline and after their intervention. Results : Twenty-four subjects finished their 4-week treatment programs. The general characteristics between groups were found to be similar (p>0.05). The pulmonary function between groups were also observed no difference across groups at the baseline measurement (p>0.05). In the post treatment group comparison, subjects in the breathing exercise group showed an increase in lung function with VC ($2.73{\pm}0.80{\ell}$) and Vt ($0.87{\pm}0.38{\ell}$) than those in the control group ($1.91{\pm}0.80{\ell}$ and $0.48{\pm}0.22{\ell}$ respectively) (p<0.05). However, there was no difference found in 6MWT, FVC, $FEV_1$, $FEV_1$/FVC, IRV, and ERV across groups (p>0.05). Conclusion : A significant increase in VC and Vt was found in subjects with stroke, who had four-week training on respiratory muscle strengthening. However, respiratory muscle strengthening showed no effect on walking speed and FVC, $FEV_1$, $FEV_1$/FVC, IRV, and ERV in patients with stroke.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.23-33
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of walking on a treadmill while using dynamic functional electrical stimulation (Dynamic FES) on functional ability and gait in chronic stroke patients. This was a prospective, randomized controlled study. Twelve patients with chronic stroke (>24 months) who were under grade 3 in dorsiflexor strength with manual muscle test were included and randomized into intervention (Dynamic FES) ($n_1$=7) and control (FES) ($n_2$=5). Both the Dynamic FES group and FES group were given a neuromuscular development treatment. The Dynamic FES group has implemented a total of 60 minutes of exercise treatment and gait training with Dynamic FES application. The FES group, with the addition of applying FES while sitting, has also implemented a total of 90 minutes of gait training on treadmill after the exercise treatment. Both two groups accomplished the program, twice a week, for a total of 24 times in a 12-week period. Exercise treatment, gait training on treadmill, and both Dynamic FES and FES were implemented for 30 minutes each. Korean version activities-specific balance confidence scale (K-ABC) was measured to determine self-efficacy in balance function. Timed up and go (TUG) test was performed to evaluate the physical performance. K-ABC, TUG, Berg balance scale (BBS), modified physical performance test (mPPT) and G-walk were evaluated at baseline and at 12 weeks. After 12 weeks, statistically significant differences (p<.05) were apparent in the Dynamic FES group in the changes in K-ABC and BBS. mPPT, TUG, gait speed, stride length and stance phase duration (%) were compared with the FES group. K-ABC had higher correlation to BBS, along with mPPT to TUG. Our results suggest that walking with Dynamic FES in chronic stroke patients may be beneficial for improving their balance confidence, functional ability and gait.