• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.151-163
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• 1996

VNTR and STR DNA typing are typical genetic analysis methods which are widely used in DNA-fingerprinting for forensic science and other genetic research purposes. In this study, genomic DNA of different constitutions(Taeun, Soyang and Soum) were analyzed by VNTR and STR DNA typing to provide scientific and objective references for Sasang Medicine. It was found out in this study that VNTR-MCT118 and YNZ22 loci showed too many different variation of allele distribution and numbers for each constitution. Therefore, it is thought that VNTR typing can not used for genetic classification study for Sasang Constitution which classifies human body into 4 groups. However, vWA locus, one of the STR loci investigated in this study, showed slight difference in allele distribution for each different constitution.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.57-63
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• 1994

We use a variety of methods to determine the optimum time for havesting corn for silage. In addition, adequate dry matter for silage must be considered along with maturity stage. The objective of this study was to evaluate using the kernel milk line to determine when to harvest com for silage in 1992 on the Livestock Experimental F m , Keiymung Junior College at Keongsan, Keongsangbukdo. Four hybrids were field grown and com plants were harvested at various stages of kernel development so that kemel milk line movement could be analyzed whilc the corn was in the premature stages. As the plants approached maturity, the ears were collected from each of the hybrids and the position of the milk line wa5 noted. Then the whole plants were chopped and the content of DM was determined. The milk line was a readily identifiable feature of maturing com kemels. We focused on the five development \tage\. The fint was "soft dough". The second was "dent". The third wa, "75% milk". and the fourth wa5 "half milk". The half milk occurs when the milk line is positioned falf way down the kemel face. and the final stages win "no milk", milk disappearance as indicators of physiological maturity in maix. Milk free stage of the kemel occurred from I to 3 days prior to black layer having developed. The range for harvesting com for silage occurs a kemels mature from 75% milk to no milk. Position of milk line was easy to see. and can be used as a visible indicator to determine com matunty stage\ and whole plant dry matter. Whole plant dry matter increased with advancing maturity. averaged over hybrids it was 24.1, 25.6. 28.5. 34.6 and 39.0% at soft dough, dent, 75% milk. half milk and no milk. Milk line was more usehl indicator in monitoring corn maturity prior to physiological maturity.ing corn maturity prior to physiological maturity.

• CELLMED
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.20.1-20.23
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• 2021

Background: The pandemic COVID-19 caused by a novel coronavirus SARS-COV-2 has spread like a forest fire. This disease may have serious consequences for pregnant women. Presently, no specific drugs or vaccines exist to battle this disease and researches are underway. Unani medicine has a unique role in prevention and management during epidemics. Here, we reviewed the overview of COVID-19 infection and pregnancy, concept and practices in Unani medicine for flu-like epidemics in general and pregnancy, and safety of Unani drugs for the prevention and treatment of mild symptomatic cases of COVID-19 during pregnancy. Methodology: Unani classical texts and pharmacopoeia were meticulously explored for concepts and practices for flu-like epidemic diseases. Further, we browsed scientific databases such as PubMed, Scopus and others for an overview, epidemics and Unani medicine, effectiveness and safety of Unani drugs in COVID-19 and pregnancy. Results: Unani medicine includes prevention and management of flu-like epidemic include quarantine and isolation, aromatic herbal drugs fumigation and spraying for environmental disinfection, ilaj bid tadbir for health promotion and use of health-protecting drugs and symptom-specific drugs in general and related to pregnancy. Lahsun, asalussus, behidana, banafsha, zanjabeel, unnab, etc are in use since antiquity for the prevention and treatment of asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic pregnant women during infectious and epidemic diseases. Conclusion: Currently, the aforementioned plants are proven for antiviral, antioxidant, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activities, probably useful in the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, scientific studies have provided new insight into the mechanism underlying the therapeutic effect of Unani medicines that are safe in pregnancy.

• CELLMED
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.19.1-19.8
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• 2021

Background: Dysmenorrhea is the most common menstrual complaint in young women with a prevalence as high as 90% and is responsible for substantial repeated short-term absenteeism from school and work in young women. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of Commiphora myrrha and honey with mefenamic acid in primary dysmenorrhea. Materials and Methods: This prospective standard controlled trial was conducted at Luqman Unani Medical College Hospital and Research Center Vijayapura, India where 40 diagnosed patients of primary dysmenorrhea were randomly assigned to receive test drug (powdered Commiphora myrrha gum resin10g with 30g honey in two divided doses) or active control drug (mefenamic acid 250mg TID) for first 3days of menstruationfor two consecutive cycles. The primary outcome measure was reduction in severity of pain assessed by numerical pain rating scale (NPRS), and secondary outcome measures were improvement in quality of life (QOL) assessed by SF-36 and reduction in perceived stress score (PSS). Results: During first cycle treatment no significant difference was found in NPRS score (p=0.085) between the groups however significant difference in NPRS score (p<0.001) was seen during 2^nd treatment cycle. Significant reduction (p=0.022) in the perceived stress score was noted and overall quality of life was markedly improved after treatment in both the groups. Conclusion: These data suggest that Commiphora myrrha gum resin with honey is an effective herb in reducing symptoms of primary dysmenorrhea. These results need to be confirmed by a properly designed trial with a larger sample size. Trial registration: Clinical Trial Registry India CTRI/2017/09/009596.

• CELLMED
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.4.1-4.10
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• 2023

Background and objective: Cervicitis are an inflammatory condition of the cervix. This may be acute, chronic, active & specific or non-specific, which may cause various sign & symptoms. Abnormal vaginal discharge, lower abdominal pain, lower backache, post coital bleeding. If not treated timely it causes various complications viz PID, infertility, endometritis, ectopic pregnancy etc. Hence it has been decided to conduct a clinical trial for its management. Method: This study was an open observational study. The entire patients were allocated by considering the criteria of inclusion & exclusion. Marhame dakhilyun with roghane sausan is given 10 mg as ḥamūl at bed time, after menses for 21 days. All the patients were assessed by primary outcome of abnormal vaginal discharge, lower abdominal pain, lower backache, post coital bleeding & secondary outcomes of vaginal symptoms scale score (VSS) which score the vaginal discharge with QOL in cervicitis patients and vaginal analogue scale (VAS) for pain. Result: In this present study, marked improvement is observed in cervicitis. The mean ± SD of vaginal discharge before & after treatment is 2.57±0.050, 0.33±0.48 respectively which is highly significant with p value of<0.0001^**. VSS score before & after treatment is 21.27±6.12, 7.47±2.48 respectively with p<0.0001^** which is highly significant. VAS score used for LAB & LPA before & after treatment is 6.63±1.09, 1.90±1.29 respectively with p<0.0001^** which is highly significant. Interpretation & Conclusion: The study revealed that the formulation has been found effective in healing congestion, hypertrophied of the cervix and discharge and relieving the others associated symptoms of cervicitis. It is useful and provided immediate and effective treatment for cervicitis. Hence, the trial drug can be recommended for its management.

• CELLMED
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.3.1-3.7
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• 2022

Background & Objectives: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of the commonest endocrine abnormality in women of reproductive age affecting from 4% - 21% of the reproductive women and is characterized by chronic anovulation and hyperandrogenism. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of majoon idraare haiz in menstrual regulation and morphological changes in ovaries in poly cystic ovarian syndrome. Methods: A Pilot study was carried out in the department of Ilmul qabalat wa amraze niswan, National institute of unani medicine, hospital, Bengaluru. Fifteen Patients of PCOS aged 18-35 diagnosed using Rotterdam criteria were included in the study. Patients with insulin sensitizing treatment within 3 months, hormonal treatment and those with h/o diabetes mellitus, hypertension, pregnant and lactating women were excluded.Majoon idraare haiz was administered orally at a dose of 10 g with 20 ml arqbed mushk once daily from fifth day of cycle for 21 days for three consecutive cycles. Primary outcome measure was menstrual regularity while changes in USG pelvis(normal ovarian morphology) was considered as secondary outcome measure. In addition, duration of flow and changes in basal metabolic index (BMI), modified Ferriman Gallwey (mFG) score, acanthosis nigricanswere observed. Data were analyzed using, ANOVA, paired student 't' test, fisher exact test. Results: Changes in duration of cycle, duration and amount of flow was achieved in 93.3% patients with p<0.0001 and 46.6% patients showed normal findings on pelvic ultrasonography with p=0.006. In addition, significant changes were also observed in BMI, hirsutism and acanthosis nigricans with p value of 0.0001, p=0.003 and p=0.009 respectively Conclusion: Majoonidraare haiz can be used as an effective alternative in management of PCOS patients. It has significant effect on menstrual regulation and changes in polycystic ovarian morphology to normal.

• CELLMED
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• v.13 no.14
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• pp.17.1-17.23
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• 2023

Menopause is a physiological phase experienced by all women as part of normal aging known as menopause. Per se, menopause is not a disease, but hormonal imbalance may lead to menopausal symptoms in some women. The unani physician described that in Sinn-i-Inḥiṭāṭ/ Sinn al-Yās, Burūdat (coldness) increases lead to Ihtibās al-Tamth (amenorrhea) that can occur naturally. Besides, Khilt Dam (blood) production decreases from the liver, slight production occurs, tends towards Burūdat. Therefore, at this age, Ihtibās al-Tamth is associated with Alāmāt Sinn al-Yās(menopausalsymptoms) including weight gain, loss of appetite, hirsutism, fatigue, headache, backache, arthralgia, neck pain, general myalgia, nervousness, anxiety, depression, and insomnia. The traditional Unani manuscripts are enriched with knowledge for the management of Alāmāt Sinn al-Yās. Consequently, an extensive exploration of classical texts concerning the management of Alāmāt Sinn al-Yās was undertaken. Moreover, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and other indexing databases were thoroughly explored for evidence-based approaches to managing menopausalsymptoms. The principle management as per Unani texts is to treat the cause of Alāmāt Sinn al-Yās. Unani medicines with emmenagogue, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective properties are beneficial for the amelioration of Alāmāt Sinn al-Yās. Unani Herbs such as Asgandh, Aslusūs, Khārkhasak, Tagar, Shuneez, Ustukhuddus, Zafran, and Majūn Najāh possess properties and are proven scientifically for their efficacy in Alāmāt Sinn al-Yās. Hence, the substantiation and preservation of traditional knowledge assume paramount importance in facilitating prospective research and proving invaluable in the modern era. Moreover, the conduct of randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses becomes imperative.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.44-67
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• 2016

This article studied the character of Bogamri group and trends in the surrounding area through recently excavated stone chambers. The first type of stone chamber constructed at Bogamni cemetry was Northen Kyushu style stone chamber tomb with corridor. However, According to recent survey Wa style vertical stone lined tomb had constructed earlier than these stone chamber along the southwest cost. It is likely that the background of these Wa style stone tomb was the beginning of formal diplomatic relations between Baekje and Wa. At first, grave goods as well as burial had been Wa style, but gradually local burial element and mortuary practices added. And large tomb had beginning to appear. The representative tombs are Yeongam Okyari Jangdong tomb and Naju Gaheugni Shinhueng tomb. They were built in the middle of the fifth century. It is most likely that the location was selected with regard to the use or securing of inland waterway. But the next step, Yeongsangang river style stone chamber with corridor had constructed at Jeongchon tomb. That tomb is very close to Bogamni tombs and structure and grave goods are very similar also. So these two groups were considered to be the same community. Hereby, It is believed that the inland waterway using power had been turned over to Bogamni group. Bogamni group had constantly constructed stone chamber until seventh century. This represent that Bogamni group had thrived as a leading force in the Yeongsangang river basin. After under the direct control of Baekje, Bogamni group had continued the close relationship with Wa. For this reason, Bogamni group had influenced southwest cost as well as Yeongsangang river basin. It can be estimated by the Bogamni style stone chamber founded at islands of Shinan.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.799-804
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• 2006

Antioxidative and antimicrobial activities were measured for the Pleurotus eryngii (P. eryngii) solvent extracts in order to discover new functional activities. In P. eryngii, the powder moisture was 9.0%, and the carbohydrate, crude protein, crude ash and crude fat contents were 63.06, 20.70, 5.20 and 2.0%, respectively. Among the detected minerals, potassium (K) had the highest levels and manganese (Mn) the lowest. The amount of polyphenol in EtEx (Ethanol Extract) was 387 mg% for the whole body, 158 mg% for the stipe, and 593 mg% for the pileus. Higher levels of polyphenol in the entire body were found in the BuEx (Butanol Extract) (594 mg%) and WaEx (Water extract) (404 mg%) of the P. eryngii powder. BuEx had the highest level in the pileus, and EtEx and BuEx were higher than the other extracts in the stipe. The electron donating ability (EDA) of EtEx of the P. eryngii powder was the highest, at 91.12%, for the whole body, while it was the lowest, at 62.90%, in the stipe. In addition, the EDA of WaEx was 90.39% for the whole body. These EDA values were similar to those for tocopherol (93.93%) and BHT (96.72%), supporting the potential of these extracts to act as antioxidants. A number of the extracts were certified to have antimicrobial activities for small number of microorganisms, especially for gram-negative microorganisms. In other words, BuEx and EAEx in the pileus and WaEx in the stipe were found to inhibit the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (gram negative). Additionally, EtEx and WaEx in all parts were shown to act as antimicrobial agents for Escherichia coli of gram negative.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.748-756
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• 2008

This study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant activity of hot water extracts of wa-song (Orostachys japonicus A. Berger) dried using hot air (HWE) and frozen (FWE). Varying levels (0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 g/100 g) of HWE and FWE were added to soybean oil and lard. Chromaticity, anisidine value, acid value, peroxide value (POV) and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value in oils were measured periodically during their storage for 28 days at $60^{\circ}C$. The chromaticity of edible oils showed a general increas with prolonged storage as well increasing levels of extracts. The anisidine value was not significantly increased during storage for 14 days, but was significantly increased after storage for 21 days in soybean oil and lard. The anisidine value of HWE on soybean oil was $12.60{\pm}0.92{\sim}13.82{\pm}0.68$ after storage for 28 days its value was lower than that of the control and buthylated hydroxy anisol (BHT). The antioxidant activity of HWE was found to be more effective than that of FWE. The acid value of HWE was significantly increased during storage from 14 to 21 days in soybean oil and from 7 to 14 days in lard. The antioxidant activity of FWE was particulary effective at the primary stage of the reaction system of lard storage. POV was highly increased during the storage periods between 7 and 14 days in soybean oil. The antioxidant activity in all the samples tested did not significantly increase after storage for 14 days, except when 0.1 g/ 100 g of FWE added to lard. TBA values of all the samples were lower than that of control and 0.02% BHT during their storage. The antioxidant activities of wa-song within the reaction system of oils were more effective in soybean oil than in lard.