• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.79-98
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• 2010

This study was carried out to clarify the distribution of vascular plants and their usefulness at Bakjisan of Pyeongchang in Gangwon (1,394m, $36^{\circ}35'068"{\sim}36^{\circ}34'713"N$, $128^{\circ}36'245"{\sim}128^{\circ}36'252"E$). The vascular plants collected 7 times (from April to October 2008) were consisted of total 502 taxa; 95 families, 304 genera, 439 species, 4 subspecies, 53 varieties and 6 forms. Among them, edible, medicinal, industrial, ornamental and unknown of usefulness plants were 248 taxa, 263 taxa, 98 taxa, 138 taxa, 98 taxa, respectively. Korean endemic plants of this area were 13 taxa, and Law-protected plants by Ministry of Environment were 2 taxa, and the special plants species based on floral region by Ministry of Environment were 22 taxa in grade III category, 13 taxa in grade IV category, 6 taxa in grade V category, rare plants were 2 taxa in critically endangered (CR), 4 taxa endangered species (EN), 7 taxa vulnerable (VU), the naturalized plants were 18 taxa.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.30-55
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• 2022

This study conducted a flora survey in the areas of Mt. Sambong (282m) and Mt. Jaung (263m), located in Paju-si, Gyeonggi-do. A total of 434 taxa, including 6 forms, 34 varieties, 11 subspecies, 383 species, 271 genera, and 94 families, were surveyed in the two mountain areas. The ferns were identified as 24 taxa from 10 families, the gymnosperms as 8 taxa from 2 families, the dicotyledonous plants as 322 taxa from 73 families, and the monocotyledonous plants as 80 taxa from 9 families. Five taxa, including Salix koriyanagi, Cimicifuga heracleifolia, Forsythia koreana, Paulownia coreana, and Hemerocallis hakuunensi, were identified as the Korean endemic plants. Eight taxa, including Cimicifuga heracleifolia, Tylophora floribunda, and Iris minutiaurea as Vulnerable species, andAristolochia contorta, Viola diamantiaca, Lithospermum erythrorhizon, Lilium distichum, andArisaema heterophyllumas Least Concern species, were designated as rare and endangered plants designated by the Korea Forest Service. The invasive alien plants were 40 taxa, including Rumex crispus, Phytolacca americana, Cerastium glomeratum, Silene armeria, Chenopodium album, Chenopodium ficifolium, Magnolia obovata, Potentilla supina, Amorpha fruticosa, Medicago sativa, Robinia pseudoacacia, Trifolium repens, Euphorbia supina, Hibiscus trionum, and Oenothera biennisaccounting for 9.2 percent of the 434 taxa of the surveyed plants. As this area is a mountainous area close to settlement facilities, it is believed that ecological preservation measures and measures of specialized plants should be implemented.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.35-58
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• 2023

In this study, we conducted a flora survey at Mt.Bakdal (363m) and Mt. Myeongbong (245.3m) in Paju-si, Gyeonggi-do. A total of 405 taxa, including 2 forms, 32 varieties, 8 subspecies, 363 species, 261 genera, and 87 families, were surveyed in the two mountain areas. The ferns were identified as 12 taxa from 6 families, the gymnosperms as 6 taxa from 2 families, the dicotyledonous plants as 290 taxa from 70 families, and the monocotyledonous plants as 97 taxa from 9 families. The remarkable plants included 8 taxa of the Korean endemic plants, which were Populus tomentiglandulosa, Salix koriyanagi, Clematis brachyura, Viola seoulensis, Forsythia koreana, Paulownia coreana, Weigela subsessilis, and Hemerocallis hakuunensis, and 3 taxa of the rare and endangered plants as designated by the Korea Forest Service, including Tylophora floribunda as Vulnerable (VU) species, and Viola albida and Chionanthus retusus as Least Concern (LC) species. The invasive alien plants were 35 taxa, including Rumex crispus, Phytolacca americana, Cerastium glomeratum, Chenopodium album, Chenopodium ficifolium, Lepidium virginicum, Amorpha fruticosa, Robinia pseudoacacia, and Trifolium repens, accounting for 8.5 percent of the 405 taxa of the surveyed plants. We intend to further identify plants through the studies on unsurveyed areas in the western part of the DMZ, identify the native habitats of rare and specialty plants, and use them as basic data for managing ecosystem-disturbing plants.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.170-200
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• 2019

This study was carried out to investigate the vascular plants of Mt. Choejeong in Gachang-myeon, Daegu. From March 2017 to October 2018, a total of 22 studies were conducted. The vascular plants surveyed were grouped into 560 taxa, including 104 families, 297 genera, 495 species, 4 subspecies, 51 varieties and 10 forma. Endemic plants 15 taxa, Rare plants 5 taxa, Red list plants 5 taxa, Floristic regional indicator plants 54 taxa, Naturalized plants 36 taxa were recorded. Among surveyed 560 taxa, edible, medicinal, ornamental, timber, pasturing, industrial and fiber plants included 246 taxa (29.2%), 228 taxa (27.1%), 164 taxa (19.5%), 61 taxa (7.2%), 13 taxa (1.5%), and 8 taxa (0.9%). And because people are coming and going more frequently than in the past, this will result in more frequent influx of naturalized plants and a threat to the habitat of the plants that are currently growing.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.58-68
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• 2015

This study compares the wind stability of Larix kaempferi (Lamb.) Carr., Pinus koraiensis Sie. & Zucc. and Abies holophylla Maxim. to understand and inform wind risk management of these plantation trees at Daegwallyeong, Korea. Temporary square plots of $20m{\times}20m$ ($400m^2$) were laid out, and DBH (Diameter at Breast Height) and height for trees greater than 10 cm in DBH were measured by species. A total of 15 plots with 5 plots each in L. kaempferi, P. koraiensis and A. holophylla stands were sampled at random. Among the species, A. holophylla and P. koraiensis have comparatively lower h/d (Height/DBH) ratios than L. kaempferi. These results indicate that the former two species are more wind firm than the latter species. About 9% of the L. kaempferi trees have higher h/d ratios than the critical threshold limit 80. These trees are vulnerable to wind damage and should be removed in the next thinning regime. The analysis of variance detected a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the h/d ratios and Gini coefficient indicating species differences and DBH size variation, respectively. Gini coefficient was 16.4% in A. holophylla, 15.9% in P. koraiensis and 14% in L. kaempferi stands indicating limited DBH size variation. Lower h/d ratios are attributed to thinning in these stands and tree morphological differences. To increase wind firmness, low thinning should concentrate to remove trees with the h/d ratio above 80 coinciding at the time of stand distinction phase. Forest managers and practitioners should measure and maintain h/d ratios of trees below the critical threshold limit of 80 through stand density management. Variable density thinning approach should be tested to increase tree DBH sizes of the even-aged stands.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.33-44
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• 2017

This study investigated in the vascular plants of special protection zones (the native land of Berchemia berchemiaefolia in Sadam-ri and Gallon valley) of Songnisan National Park and identified the whole vascular plants. The numbers of vascular plants were summarized as 273 taxa including 82 families, 182 genera, 236 species, 3 subspecies, 28 varieties and 6 forms. Woody plants were identified as 124 taxa (45.4%) and herbaceous plants as 149 taxa (54.6%). A total of 107 taxa were identified in the area of Sadam-ri, and 246 taxa were found in the Gallon valley. A total of 8 taxa of rare plants were identified, each of which was divided into 1 taxa of endangered (EN; Daphne pseudomezereum var. koreana), 3 taxa of vulnerable (VU; Paeonia japonica, Berchemia berchemiaefolia and Iris minutiaurea), 3 taxa of least concern (LC; Aristolochia contorta, Syringa patula var. kamibayshii and Goodyera schlechtendaliana) and 1 taxa of data deficient (DD; Alangium platanifolium). The Korean endemic plants were 9 taxa (Clematis trichotoma, Thalictrum actaefolium var. brevistylum, Aster koraiensis, Cirsium setidens, etc.). In the specific plants by floristic region were 34 taxa, a degree I were 17 taxa (Chloranthus japonicus, Celastrus stephanotifolius, etc.), 9 taxa of a degree II (Euonymus pauciflorus, Acer triflorum, etc.), 4 taxa of a degree III (Aconitum longecassidatum, Angelica gigas, etc.), 2 taxa of a degree IV (Ulmus macrocarpa and Daphne pseudomezereum var. koreana), 2 taxa of a degree V (Berchemia berchemiaefolia and Alangium platanifolium). The naturalized plants were 5 taxa including Fallopia dumetorum, Trifolium repens, Ailanthus altissima, Oenothera biennis, Erigeron annuus. Naturalization rate (NR) was 1.8% of all 273 taxa of vascular plants and the invasive alien plants were not found. The purpose of this study is to identify the flora that grows in the special protection zones of Songnisan National Park and provide the basic data for the management of the special protection zone in the future.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.189-200
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• 2008

As a transition zone between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, riparian areas of rivers and streams play significant roles in production and decomposition for river and stream systems. Understanding of the physical and ecological characteristics of riparian areas are, therefore, important for the management of river and stream systems. It is especially important to understand the characteristics of riparian areas for the Nakdong River in Korea which has a large watershed area and diverse land uses. This study aimed at collecting field data, according to stream types, which are essential for the management of riparian areas of the middle and lower reaches of the Nakdong River, Korea. Most riparian areas surveyed in this study had roads within 100 meters from river edges. Distances from water edge to banks were less than 1m for most riparian areas neighboring agricultural lands, indicating that those areas might be very vulnerable to pollutant inputs from non-point sources. Water quality data indicated that soil erosion in the riparian areas could be a major source of phosphorus input to the Nakdong River and land use patters might have a significant influence on nitrogen concentration in the river. Heavy metal concentrations in soils of the riparian areas of the river were below soil quality standards, except arsenic and chromium. Vegetation surveys showed that therophytes were the most frequently occurred riparian plants in the Nakdong River. Number of aquatic plant species increased downstream, with the most diverse aquatic plants observed in wetlands and irrigation canals of the West Nakdong River. Occurrence rate of naturalized plants and urbanization index were high in the survey sites adjacent to urban and agricultural areas.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.229-236
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• 2010

As air pollution has emerged as one of the most pressing urban environmental concerns, many studies have investigated the influence of air pollutants(ex: $O^3$, $NO^2$, $SO^2$, Acid rain, etc.) on roadside trees and urban grove. In Korea, population density started to increase since the industrialization. Since dense population aggravates our living conditions, it's very important for us to preserve and keep a lively and refreshing nature in order to live with green nature in harmony under the current artificial environment-dominating world. In metropolitan cities, the production of pollutants increases in proportion to population growth. The vehicle exhaust gas and air pollutants from cooling and heating systems have been the major causes of acid rain. Furthermore, tire particles which are naturally produced by tire wearing on roads and other toxic substances in exhaust gas have caused a problem in human health directly and indirectly. In fact, a lot of studies have analyzed air pollution, roadside trees and plants in Korea. However, they are mostly limited to covering the influence of air pollution on the growth of plants. No paper has clearly explained why air pollution-resistant or-vulnerable species has shown different reactions yet. Even though a lot of urban roadside trees have died or stopped to grow from time to time, this kind of problem has not been properly examined. This paper is aimed to comparatively analyze physio-ecological characteristic such as photosynthesis, chlorophyll contents, soil volume water figure out their relationship with environmental factors against the expanding roadside trees in Cheong-ju, and provide basic data for management of roadside trees and elaboration of urban environment preservation policies.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.307-314
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• 2009

Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various diabetic complications and small intestine is vulnerable to damage resulting in morphological and functional changes. In this study, the effects of Asystasia gangetica leaf extract (AGLE) on oxidative stress status in small intestine of diabetic rats were examined. The leaves of Asystasia gangetica was extracted with 70% ethanol. Oral administration of AGLE once daily (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg b.w.) for 28 days to diabetic rats significantly (P < 0.05) increased antioxidant levels of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione, GSSH, carbohydrate metabolizing enzyme, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. The increased levels of protein carbonyl content, lipid peroxidation and xanthine oxidase/xanthine dehydrogenase in diabetic rats were reverted back to near normal levels on treatment with AGLE. Both doses of AGLE offered significant activity (P < 0.01) against oxidative damage and were comparable with standard, glibenclamide. The results revealed the occurrence of oxidative stress in small intestine during diabetes and suggest the potential of AGLE as an antioxidant in protecting the tissue defense system against oxidative damage in streptozotocin-induced diabetes.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.174-180
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• 2016

Licorice plant (Glycyrrhiza spp.) is an important herb, but the major portion of the national demand is imported to Korea because the domestic production base is vulnerable. We performed basic molecular breeding research for domestic cultivation and production. All publicly available G. uralensis EST sequences, which totaled 56,089, were assembled into 4,821 unigenes and examined for microsatellites. Eight polymorphic microsatellite loci were identified and 16 G. uralensis and 6 G. glabra accessions, which were collected from different locations, were genotyped using the microsatellites. Genetic diversity within the accessions was estimated by construction of a dendrogram. The dendrogram was clustered into two groups. The results showed that there is a correlative genetic relationship between species. The microsatellite markers were found to be useful for diversity analysis as they are able to successfully distinguish the Glycyrrhiza accessions.