• 대한화학회지
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.429-439
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• 2006

분광법의 하나인 합 진동수 발생 진동 분광법 (SFG-VS, sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy)은 표면의 분자에 대하여 선택적으로 높은 감도의 진동 스펙트럼을 제공한다. 이로 인해 SFG-VS 는 다양한 표면 연구에 이용되고 있다. 본 총설에서는 SFG-VS의 연구 대상, 실험 방법, 이론적 배경, 상업적 분광기로서의 가능성 등에 관하여 살펴보았다.

• 대한음성학회지:말소리
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• 제48호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2003

Among the types of dysarthria, spastic and flaccid types are the most prominent manifestations. The objectives of the present research are (1) to discover the phonetic contrasts that differentiate spastic dysarthria from flaccid dysarthria, (2) to analyze the degrees of predictability of each phonetic contrast for intelligibility in spastic and flaccid dysarthrias and to compare them. The 'phonemic contrast word intelligibility pairs' for dysarthric speakers were tested and proved to be useful for clinical assessment of and research on dysarthria. In the group of spastic type, it showed that initial fricative vs. affricate and front vs. back vowel contrasts are transmitted relatively less effectively than flaccid type. In the group of flaccid type, initial glottal vs null contrast is transmitted less effectively than spastic type. The overall intelligibility of spastic dysarthria was predicted by multiple regression analysis with 88% accuracy by three phonetic contrasts(initial fricative vs. affricate; front vs. back vowels; initial consonant correlates). And the intelligibility of flaccid dysarthria was predicted by two phonetic contrasts(initial nasal vs. stop, front vs. back vowels) with 60% accuracy.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.370-377
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• 2023

Previous research has demonstrated that happy moods are known to promote feeling-based processing, whereas sad moods promote reason-based processing. The current research investigates a boundary condition for the effects of a happy mood on feeling-based decision making. This research proposes that the level of control (low vs. high) one exercises in a happy situation can promote a greater reliance on feelings (vs. reasons) in making judgments and decisions. Specifically, we hypothesize that (1) a happy individual in a situation where control level is low (vs. high) will be more likely to choose a cognitively (vs. affectively) superior option (hypothesis 1), and (2) a happy individual in a situation where control level is low (vs. high) will exert reason- (vs. feeling-) based processing (hypothesis 2). Consistent with the hypothesis 1, the results of two experiments show that happy individuals are more likely to choose cognitively versus affectively superior options in a situation where control level is low (vs. high). Moreover, the mediation analysis confirms that happy individuals are more likely to rely on cognitive, reason-based decision making when their control level is low, which supports the hypothesis 2.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.158-170
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• 2020

목적: 이 연구의 목적은 우리 나라 소아에서 Clostridioides difficile 감염(CDI)의 발생률 및 임상양상을 확인하는 것이다. 방법: 2009년 1월부터 2018년 12월까지 세브란스 어린이병원에 입원한 2세 이상 18세 미만의 환자 중 CDI로 진단된 환자들의 의무기록을 확인하였고 환자를 세 군(community acquired [CA], community onset-health care facility associated [CO-HCFA], and health care facility onset [HO] CDI)으로 나누어 임상양상을 비교하였다. 결과: 2009년부터 2018년까지 CDI유병률은 입원환자 10,000명당 1.00명에서 10.01명까지 증가하였다(P<0.001). HO CDI 군은 CA CDI 군에 비해 수술(40.4% vs. 0.0%, P=0.001)과 악성종양(27.7% vs. 0.0%, P=0.027)이 선행된 경우가 많았고 CDI 진단 전 항생제의 사용 빈도(97.9% vs. 31.3%, P<0.001) 및 항생제 개수의 중앙값이(2 vs. 0, P<0.001) 높았으며 CDI진단 이후 재원일수(13일 vs. 5일, P=0.008) 가 길었다. CO-HCFA 군은 CA CDI 군보다 연령의 중앙값이 낮았고(5세 vs. 13세, P=0.012) 악성종양이 선행된 경우가 많았다(30.8% vs. 0.0%, P=0.030). CA CDI 군은 HO CDI 군에 비해 복통(56.3% vs. 10.6%, P=0.001)과 혈변(50.0% vs. 10.6%, P =0.002)이 동반된 빈도가 높았고, 염증성 장질환이 동반된 경우가 많았으며(68.8% vs. 2.1%, P =0.001), 치료로서 정주 metronidazole을 더 자주 사용하였다(37.5% vs. 2.1%, P =0.001). 결론: 국내 소아의 CDI 발생률이 증가되고 있어 이에 대해 경각심을 가지고 역학과 임상적 특징을 파악하는 것은 병원 감염관리를 위하여 중요하다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.152-165
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• 2017

중국 북부와 한국, 러시아 지역에 서식하는 비단털쥐(Tscherskia triton)의 분포를 제외한 생활사, 행동, 생태와 관련된 생물학적 특징에 대해서는 거의 연구된 바 없다. 이에 본 연구는 제주도에서 포획된 개체(n=9)를 대상으로 종 단위 연구의 기본이 되는 번식과 성장 및 발달에 대한 생물학적 정보를 밝히기 위하여 2015년 3월부터 2016년 12월까지 사육실에서 진행되었다. 연구결과, 임신률은 31.7%였고 좁은 케이지에서 보다 넓은 케이지에서 더 높게 나타났다(56.7 vs. 6.7%). 임신기간은 $22{\pm}1.6$일(범위 21-27일), 한배의 산자수(litter size)는 $4.26{\pm}1.37$마리(범위 2-7 마리)였다. 최소이유시기는 $19.2{\pm}1.4$일(범위 18-21일)이었다. 출생 직후 새끼의 체중과 외부형태의 크기는 성별로 차이가 없었으나, 이유시기부터 암수의 머리와 몸통길이(HBL)와 꼬리길이(TL)는 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다(HBL-weaning, $106.50{\pm}6.02$ vs. $113.34{\pm}4.72mm$, p<0.05; HBL-4 months, $163.93{\pm}5.42$ vs. $182.83{\pm}4.32mm$, p<0.05; TL-4 months, $107.23{\pm}3.25$ vs. $93.95{\pm}2.15mm$, p<0.05). Gompertz 모형과 logistic 모형을 적용하였을 때, 머리-몸통길이에서는 수컷이 암컷보다 최대 성숙 길이가 길었고($164.840{\pm}7.453$ vs. $182.830{\pm}4.319mm$, p<0.0001; $163.936{\pm}5.415$ vs. $182.840{\pm}4.333mm$, p<0.0001), 성장률도 빨랐으나($1.351{\pm}0.065$ vs. $1.435{\pm}0.085$, p<0.05; $2.870{\pm}0.253$ vs. $3.211{\pm}0.635$, p<0.05), 성장곡선의 기울기가 최대가 되는 일령은 암컷보다 조금 늦었다($5.121{\pm}0.318$ vs. $5.520{\pm}0.333$, p<0.05; $6.884{\pm}0.336$ vs. $7.503{\pm}0.453$, p<0.05). 한편 꼬리의 최대길이($105.695{\pm}5.938$ vs. $94.150{\pm}2.507mm$, p<0.001; $111.609{\pm}14.881$ vs. $93.960{\pm}2.150mm$, p<0.05)와 변곡점에서의 길이($60.306{\pm}1.992$ vs. $67.859{\pm}1.330mm$, p<0.0001; $55.714{\pm}7.458$ vs. $46.975{\pm}1.074mm$, p<0.05)는 암컷이 수컷보다 긴 것으로 나타났다. 두 성장모형에서 암수의 체중과 외부형태형질에 대한 성장률은 비교 결과 유사하였다. 이러한 결과는 비단털쥐의 종적 특징을 밝히는데 필요한 자료로 이용될 것이다.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제16권28호
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• pp.59-67
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• 1993

Recently, The concept of strategic groups is recognized as a basic unit of understanding framework in strategic management research. Researchers have consistently approached the relationship between strategic groups and organizational variables(organization structure vs strategies, management process vs strategies, management systems vs strategies, environment vs strategies, strategies vs performance). However the relationship between strategic groups and human resources has been neglected in theortical approach and empirical approach. Therefore this study explores the relationship between strategic groups and human resources management.

• Educational Technology International
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2005

Starting with analyzing the development of cyber-education in China, this article discusses experiences and lessons acquired through making reflections on the following aspects: technology vs. pedagogy, the degree education vs. non-degree education, resource exclusivism vs. resource inclusivism, mono-service system vs. multi-service system, and educational quality vs. economic profit. Finally, the paper puts forward some suggestions on the future development of cyber-education in China.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.1540-1544
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• 2003

This study chiefly aimed to ascertain the effect of age at weaning on caecal content characteristics, post-weaning performance and health of rabbits. A secondary aim was to study the effect of dietary restriction on performance and health of rabbits. After delivery, 30 litters of 8 pups each, were housed in separate cages. Fifteen litters were weaned 24 days from birth (group W 24) while the other 15 were weaned at 28 days (group W28). After weaning, 53 rabbits of group W24 and 56 of group W28 were fed ad libitum (group LIB), while 53 rabbits of group W24 and 57 of group W28 were restricted (group RES). All the rabbits were kept in individual cages. Fourteen other rabbits of groups W24 (7 fed ad libitum and 7 restricted) and 7 of group W28 were sacrificed to obtain data regarding caecum weight and caecal content. Age at weaning affected neither the state of health nor the final live weight. In comparison with those of group W28, the rabbits weaned at 24 days had a lower daily gain until 35 days of age but gain was higher subsequently. From the 28th day, however, the feed intake and the feed conversion ratio of the group W24 rabbits were always better than those of W28. The restricted diet until 42 days resulted in a lower weight both at 42 days (1,078 vs. 1,164 g) and at 70 days (2,192 vs. 2,294 g). Indeed, from the 42nd day, despite receiving feed ad libitum the rabbits of the restricted group continued to ingest less feed (120.8 vs. 127.2 g) than those of the ad libitum group, and had a slightly lower daily gain (39.8 vs. 40.3 g). The measurements carried out on the caecum highlighted significant differences among the groups in caecal content (33.1 vs. 31.7 vs. 25.3 g respectively for groups W24LIB, W28 and W24RES), for total volatile fatty acids (53.2 vs. 50.6 vs. 44.5 mmol/l respectively for groups W24LIB, W28and W24RES) for ammonia (7.0 vs. 7.2vs 8.8 mmol/l respectively for groups W24LIB, W28 and W24RES), for propionate (5.7 vs. 6.3 vs. 8.1% respectively for groups W24LIB, W28 and W24RES) and for propionate/butyrate (0.33 vs. 0.36 vs. 0.49 respectively for groups W24LIB, W28 and W24RES).

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제52권8호
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• pp.888-892
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• 2009

목 적 : 신생아실에서 만삭아에 준한 경과 관찰 후 퇴원한 후기 조산아들의 재입원과 관련된 위험 요인과 재입원 원인을 알고자 연구를 계획하였다. 방 법 : 2003년 1월부터 2008년 12월까지 일신 기독 병원 신생아실에서 만삭아에 준한 경과 관찰 후 퇴원한 후기 조산아들 중 생후 28일 이내에 재입원하였던 135명의 신생아들의 의무 기록지를 후향적으로 조사하였다. 재입원의 위험 요인을 알고자 대조군과 비교 분석하였다. 결 과 : 재입원과 관련된 위험 요인 연구에서 재태주수, 출생 체중, 성별, 분만 방법, 산모의 나이, 교육 정도, 결혼 여부, 진통과 분만 과정상의 합병증은 관련이 없었고, 모유 수유(71.9% vs 44.4%), 짧은 신생아실 경과 관찰 기간($3.3{\pm}1.6$일 vs $4.1{\pm}2.0$일), 초산모(60.0% vs 45.3%)와 임신 합병증이 있었던 경우(31.9% vs 18.8%) 통계적으로 유의하게 재입원율이 높았다. 재입원 시점은 출생 후 평균 $6.2{\pm}3.6$일로, 출생 5-6일 사이에 재입원하는 경우가 40.7%로 가장 많았다. 재입원 시 83.7%가 황달을 주소로 입원하여 가장 흔한 원인이었고, 자연 분만(43.4% vs 1.8%), 산모의 나이가 적은 경우($29.8{\pm}3.4$세 vs $32.1{\pm}4.2$세), 임신과 관련된 합병증 동반이 적은 경우(28.3% vs 50%)가 황달로 인한 재입원과 관련 있었다. 결론 : 후기 조산아들의 재입원과 관련된 위험 요인은 모유 수유, 짧은 신생아실 경과 관찰 기간, 초산모와 임신 합병증이 있었던 경우였고, 재입원 시점은 평균 $6.2{\pm}3.6$일, 가장 흔한 재입원 원인은 황달이었다.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.99-104
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• 2017

Objectives: This study aimed to compare effects on glycemic control and weight loss between the metformin/dapagliflozin combination and the metformin/sitagliptin combination in type 2 diabetic patients. Methods: This study retrospectively reviewed the medical records, from January $1^{st}$ 2015 to March $31^{st}$ 2016, of type 2 diabetic patients who were older than 18 and were prescribed with dapagliflozin or sitagliptin in combination with metformin. Hemoglobin $A_{1c}$ ($HbA_{1c}$) levels and weights were measured every 3 months. Results: The dapagliflozin group showed a greater decrease in $HbA_{1c}$ levels after 3 months (-0.75% vs. 0.01%, P<0.001), 6 months (-0.36% vs. 0.08%, P=0.029), and 9 months (-0.53% vs. 0.08%, P=0.046) compared to the sitagliptin group. Also, the dapagliflozin group showed a greater significant decrease in the rate of change in $HbA_{1c}$ levels after 3 months (-0.09 vs. 0.01, P<0.001), 6 months (-0.04 vs. 0.01, P=0.031), 9 months (-0.07 vs. 0.02, P=0.029), and 12 months (-0.05 vs. 0.05, P=0.047). Furthermore, the dapagliflozin group showed a greater decrease in amount of weight change after 3 months (-2.46 kg vs. 0.37 kg, P<0.001), 6 months (-3.02 kg vs. 0.13 kg, P<0.001), and 9 months (-2.27 kg vs. 0.50 kg, P=0.002). Finally, the dapagliflozin group showed a greater decrease in the rate of change in weight after 3 months (-3.10% vs. 0.52%, P<0.001), 6 months (-3.83% vs. 0.21%, P<0.001), 9 months (-2.84% vs. 0.79%, P=0.002), and 12 months (-4.91% vs. 0.44%, P<0.001). Conclusions: It was concluded that dapagliflozin is more effective than sitagliptin for type 2 diabetic patients.