• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.287-295
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• 2016

Involuntary physical activity induced by the avoidance of electrical shock leads to improved endurance exercise capacity in animals. However, it remains unknown whether voluntary stand-up physical activity (SPA) without forced simulating factors improves endurance exercise capacity in animals. We examined the effects of SPA on body weight, cardiac function, and endurance exercise capacity for 12 weeks. Twelve male Sprague-Dawley rats (aged 8 weeks, n=6 per group) were randomly assigned to a control group (CON) or a voluntary SPA group. The rats were induced to perform voluntary SPA (lifting a load equal to their body weight), while the food height (18.0 cm) in cages was increased progressively by 3.5 every 4 weeks until it reached 28.5 cm for 12 weeks. The SPA group showed a lower body weight compared to the CON group, but voluntary SPA did not affect the skeletal muscle and heart weights, food intake, and echocardiography results. Although the SPA group showed higher grip strength, running time, and distance compared to the CON group, the level of irisin, corticosterone, genetic expression of mitochondrial biogenesis, and nuclei numbers were not affected. These findings show that voluntary SPA without any forced stimuli in rats can effectively reduce body weight and enhance endurance exercise capacity, suggesting that it may be an important alternative strategy to enhance endurance exercise capacity.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.82-87
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• 2015

Objective : The aim of this study was to investigate voluntary wheel running behavior in the unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) rat model. Methods : Male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to 2 groups : 6-OHDA group (n=17) and control group (n=8). The unilateral 6-OHDA rat model was induced by injection of 6-OHDA into unilateral medial forebrain bundle using a stereotaxic instrument. Voluntary wheel running activity was assessed per day in successfully lesioned rats (n=10) and control rats. Each behavioral test lasted an hour. The following parameters were investigated during behavioral tests : the number of running bouts, the distance moved in the wheel, average peak speed in running bouts and average duration from the running start to the peak speed. Results : The number of running bouts and the distance moved in the wheel were significantly decreased in successfully lesioned rats compared with control rats. In addition, average peak speed in running bouts was decreased, and average duration from the running start to the peak speed was increased in lesioned animals, which might indicate motor deficits in these rats. These behavioral changes were still observed 42 days after lesion. Conclusion : Voluntary wheel running behavior is impaired in the unilateral 6-OHDA rat model and may represent a useful tool to quantify motor deficits in this model.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2000

Purpose: To report the mid-term results of the inferior capsular shift procedure for the multidirectional instability, and to analyze whether the bilateral laxity, the generalized ligamentous laxity and the voluntary instability can influence upon the final outcome. Material and Method: We reviewed 95 patients with 96 shoulders treated by the inferior capsular shift procedure for multidirectional instability through an anterior approach. In total, 49 shoulders(51%) showed generalized ligamentous laxity, 56 shoulders(58%) bilateral laxity, and 65 shoulders(68%) voluntary subluxation. Mean follow-up was 27 months(11-60 months). Result: The final Rowe score was 75 points in patients who had had at least one of the bilateral laxity, generalized ligamentous laxity, or the voluntary subluxation and 84 points without any of these in each element. Seventy-five percent of the bilateral laxity and 87% of the unilateral instability continued to function well without any pain and instability postoperatively. Those with a voluntary(74%), those with an involuntary instability(83%), those with a generalized ligamentous laxity(73%) and without laxity(84%) could do well a daily living activity without instability Eighty-six percent who had had the voluntary instability was eliminated completely the voluntability. Eighty-four percent of the patients stated that they were subjectively satisfied with the status of their shoulder. Nine shoulders(9.4%) had recurrence of symptomatic and disabling instability and theses patients had had at least voluntary instability preoperatively. Seven patients(7.3%) suffered from the stiff shoulder after the inferior capsular shift procedure. Conclusion: The inferior capsular shift procedure in multidirectional instability provided satisfactory results both in objective and subjective terms. Nonetheless, a patient who has a bilateral laxity, a generalized ligamentous laxity or a voluntary instability could be expected less favorable results compared to those with neither of these. A careful selection of the inferior capsular shift procedure for the multidirectional instability is needed before surgery. But our results suggests that a voluntary instability is not always poor candidate for the inferior capsular shift procedure.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.135-162
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• 2010

The Purpose of this study is to get basic material about voluntary association in local community and its utilization. In order to achieve the purpose of this study, it was considered that trust of social capital plays a leading part in voluntary association to maintain or strengthen its role and activities. For this reason we attempt to find the process of trust building in voluntary association. The revised ground theory that is complementary weaknesses of ground theory is used in this study and in 11months, four times researches have investigated. As a result, it was analyzed that the structure of building trust can be categorized into three structure, building up relationship, dynamic interaction and structural stabilization in voluntary association. In the space that is structured spatially and temporal, role, activity, accomplishment, attitude, conflict and environment acted as basic attributes. These attributes can be found in every building process of trust and influence on continuance and growth of voluntary association. The fact that this study offers in-depth understanding of voluntary association and empirical directivity regarding the community welfare services is of great significant.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.326-333
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was attempted to investigate the relationship between the satisfaction of volunteering and the meaning in life of the elderly. Method: The subjects were 176 who had been volunteering in 7 general hospitals. in a metropolitan city, Korea. The data were gathered throughout August 2004. For measuring the satisfaction of volunteering, Kwon(1999) was modified and used, and for the meaning in life, Choi et al.(2003) was used. Result: Mean of the volunteering satisfaction was 3.00(Maximum, 4.00) and the highest domain was Social Contact and the lowest was Social Exchange. Mean of meaning in life was 3.02 (Maximum, 4.00) and the highest score was Family love and the lowest was Self Awareness & Self-Acceptance. Volunteering satisfaction was significantly different in age, religion, number of children and voluntary service time, and the meaning in life was different in religion, number of children, subjective health condition, subjective family relationship, and voluntary service time. Conclusion: There was positive correlation between volunteering satisfaction and meaning in life (r=.69 p=.000). According to the result, the satisfaction of volunteering could be make better meaning in life of the elderly. In order to increase the meaning in life and to improve volunteering satisfaction of the elderly, various social and personal efforts to participate in social service are would be adopted.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.82-89
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• 2021

Purpose: This study is to investigate the muscle activity based on real-time visual feedback training methods by rehabilitative ultrasound image in elderly and correlation between Heckmatt scale grade, muscle tone and thickness. Design: Cross-sectional study: Pilot study Methods: 6 elderly participated in the study with 2 conditions. Under the condition of rehabilitation ultrasound imaging equipment, all subjects performed voluntary maximal muscle contraction of the quadriceps 3 times using visual feedback based on Rehabilitative Ultrasound Imaging 1.0 (RUSI 1.0). Under the condition of only ultrasound images, all subjects performed voluntary maximal muscle contraction of the quadriceps 3 times using ultrasound image-based visual feedback. The muscle thickness and tone of the quadriceps were measured and the grades were classified by Heckmatt scale and all variables were comparative analyzed. Results: Heckmatt scale grade showed a negative correlation with muscle thickness at relaxation (p<0.05), and a negative correlation with the difference value obtained by subtracting muscle thickness at relaxation from muscle thickness at contraction in ultrasound image condition (p<0.05). The muscle tone during relaxation showed a negative correlation with the muscle thickness during relaxation (p<0.05). Conclusion: In the case of voluntary maximum muscle contraction of the quadriceps muscle in the elderly, it can be seen that the muscle thickness is getting larger when the RUSI 1.0-based visual feedback is provided than with only ultrasound image provided. And the lower Heckmatt scale grade is, the thicker the muscle is, and the lower the muscle tone is.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.455-463
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• 2015

Korea received foreign aid for science education in 1960-70, now, Korea is one of the most advanced countries in the world and provides not only official development assistance through government grants or ODA but also private aids through voluntary services to less developed countries. Korean science teachers have been offering voluntary services in Timor-Leste since 2004, starting on personal level and now by through the Korean Science Teachers Association. This study aims to describe the voluntary activity by Korean science teachers in Timor-Leste, to analyze the conflict points revealed in the activity, and to search the meaning of the activity in respect of science education. This study used methods like document analysis, interview of the participants, participants' observation, a case study, and member check. This activity has involved various conflicts in finance, curriculum, pedagogy, educational instrument, environment, language, chronological issues, and perceptions. This activity was not a one-sided offer of aid, but an opportunity for personal development and self-reflection, and a basis for discussion on science education. There are many difficulties in this work, which is carried out at the teachers' own expense. More concern should be paid on this volunteer service from educational institutions and academic world.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.37-43
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• 2009

This study compared the electromyographic activities and input performance of computer operators using a computer mouse and a trackball. Muscle activities were assessed at the upper trapezius (UT), middle deltoid (MD), extensor digitorum (ED), and first dorsal interosseous muscle (FDI). Twenty-six healthy subjects were recruited, and the test order was selected randomly for each subject. The task set was to click moving targets on a Windows program. The EMG amplitude was normalized using the percentage of reference voluntary contraction for UT and MD and the percentage of maximal voluntary contraction for ED and FDI. To analyze the differences in EMG activity, a paired t-test was used. UT muscle activities were significantly greater when the computer mouse was used (p<.05). FDI muscle activities were significantly greater when the trackball was used (p<.05). Using a trackball can reduce the load on the UT during computer work and help to prevent and manage work-related musculoskeletal disorders.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.101-111
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to determine EMG biofeedback training effect on the muscle activities in 3 unilateral facial palsy patients along with multiple baseline design across subjects. The auditory feedback about facial muscles (orbicularis oris, orbicularis oculi, frontalis) was provided with each patient during facial exercise training. Electromyographic (EMG) activity during maximal voluntary contraction and maximal compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude elected by supramaximal electrical stimulation on facial nerve of facial muscles were measured pre- and post- EMG biofeedback training to evaluate motor learning. EMG activity during maximal voluntary contraction was increased after EMG biofeedback training and CMAP amplitude elected by supramaximal electrical stimulation was not changed in all subjects. The results indicate that EMG biofeedback training is useful method to improve motor learning of facial excercise training in unilateral facial palsy patients.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 2009

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to find the effect of ankle joint angle on knee extensor electromyographic activity following knee extension exercise. Methods : Ten male university students participated in the study. The subjects performed isometric maximal voluntary knee extensor contractions (MVC) and knee extensor EMG activity measured in with three different ankle joint angle. The EMG activity of rectus femoris(RF), vastus medialis(VM), vastus lateralis(VL) were measured using surface electromyography. Results : EMG activity of vastus lateralis following the change of ankle joint angle was shown statistically significant difference. Conclusion : Ankle plantar flexion position increase EMG activity of vastus lateralis during knee extension exercise.