• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Medical Physics Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.56-58
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• 2004

MRI analysis and weights of molecular differences of Volume of Interest(VOI) was studied in animal. The appearance of tiny voxels significant objects for evaluate of disease or irregular function of cells is simplified remodeling before making image. The method of Marquardt, A method of Non-linear mathematical approach can be used to get a quick calculations in arbitrary space. Results shows the relationships between accurate vivo signal and biochemical molecular solutions,

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.70-77
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• 2012

Purpose: To evaluate the patterns of tumor shape and to compare tumor volume derived from simple diameter-based ellipsoid measurement with that derived from tracing the entire tumor contour using region of interest (ROI)-based 3D volumetry with respect to the prediction outcome in cervical cancer patients treated with concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Materials and Methods: Magnetic resonance imaging was performed in 98 patients with cervical cancer (stage IB-IIIB). The tumor shape was classified into two categories: ellipsoid and non-ellipsoid shape. ROI-based volumetry was derived from each magnetic resonance slice on the work station. For the diameter-based surrogate "ellipsoid volume," the three orthogonal diameters were measured to calculate volume as an ellipsoid. Results: The more than half of tumor (55.1%) had a non-ellipsoid configuration. The predictions for outcome were consistent between two volume groups, with overall survival of 93.6% and 87.7% for small tumor (<20 mL), 62.9% and 69.1% for intermediate-size tumor (20-39 mL), and 14.5% and 16.7% for large tumors (${\geq}$40 mL) using ROI and diameter based measurement, respectively. Disease-free survival was 93.8% and 90.6% for small tumor, 54.3% and 62.7% for intermediate-size tumor, and 13.7% and 10.3% for large tumor using ROI and diameter based method, respectively. Differences in outcome between size groups were statistically significant, and the differences in outcome predicted by the tumor volume by two different methods. Conclusion: Our data suggested that large numbers of cervical cancers are not ellipsoid. However, simple diameter-based tumor volume measurement appears to be useful in comparison with ROI-based volumetry for predicting outcome in cervical cancer patients.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.134-139
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• 2016

Detailed structural and molecular imaging of intact organs has incurred academic interest because the associated technique is expected to provide innovative information for biological investigation and pathological diagnosis. The conventional methods for volume imaging include reconstruction of images obtained from serially sectioned tissues. This approach requires intense manual work which involves inevitable uncertainty and much time to assemble the whole image of a target organ. Recently, effective tissue clearing techniques including CLARITY and ACT-PRESTO have been reported that enables visualization of molecularly labeled structures within intact organs in three dimensions. The central principle of the methods is transformation of intact tissue into an optically transpicuous and macromolecule permeable state without loss of intrinsic structural integrity. The rapidly evolving protocols enable morphological analysis and molecular labeling of normal and pathological characteristics in large assembled biological systems with single-cell resolution. The deep tissue volume imaging will provide fundamental information about mutual interaction among adjacent structures such as connectivity of neural circuits; meso-connectome and clinically significant structural alterations according to pathologic mechanisms or treatment procedures.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.125-134
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• 2017

This study aimed to examine quality properties of muffin by the amount of addition of Korean whole wheat flour (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%) as there is increasingly higher interest in the healthy food. The effect of Korean whole wheat flour were evaluated in terms of height, volume, weight, specific volume, baking loss rate, colorimeter, and sensory evaluation. Texture and moisture contents of muffins when storage (1, 3, 5 days) was measured. As the ratio of Korean whole wheat flour increased, the baking loss rate and weight increased, whereas the volume and specific volume was not significant. During storage, moisture content of muffins decreased significantly. The addition of Korean whole wheat flour increased lightness (L value) of crust and crumb decreased, whereas redness (a value) and yellowness (b value) increased. The control group (CON) showed the highest springiness lowest hardness. The muffin with 25% of Korean whole wheat flour (WHF25) in test group showed the high springiness low hardness. According to the sensory evaluation, the control group showed the highest score in terms of taste, however WHF25 showed the highest score in appearance, color, flavor, texture and overall acceptance, WHF25 showed the best result and the optimum addition of Korean whole wheat flour. Furthermore, this study proposes the possibility of development of various confectionery with using Korean whole wheat flour.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.1181-1194
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• 2019

A new moving-mesh Finite Volume Method (FVM) for the efficient solution of the two-dimensional neutron diffusion equation is introduced. Many other moving-mesh methods developed to solve the neutron diffusion problems use a relatively large number of sophisticated mathematical equations, and so suffer from a significant complexity of mathematical calculations. In this study, the proposed method is formulated based on simple mathematical algebraic equations that enable an efficient mesh movement and CV deformation for using in practical nuclear reactor applications. Accordingly, a computational framework relying on a new moving-mesh FVM is introduced to efficiently distribute the meshes and deform the CVs in regions with high gradient variations of reactor power. These regions of interest are very important in the neutronic assessment of the nuclear reactors and accordingly, a higher accuracy of the power densities is required to be obtained. The accuracy, execution time and finally visual comparison of the proposed method comprehensively investigated and discussed for three different benchmark problems. The results all indicated a higher accuracy of the proposed method in comparison with the conventional fixed-mesh FVM.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.131-138
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• 2008

With the advancements of the Internet and CAD data translation techniques, more CAD models are transferred from a CAD system to another through the network and interoperability is getting a common word in the CAD industry. However, when a CAD model is translated for an incompatible system into a neutral format such as STEP or IGES, its precious feature information is lost. When this feature information is lost, the advantage of feature based modeling is not valid any longer, and modification for the model is purely dependent on geometric and topological manipulations. However, the capabilities of the existing methods to modify these feature-independent models are limited as the modification involves a topological change in the model. To address this issue, we present a volumetric method to modify the solid models in neutral format. First, this method selectively decomposes the solid model to separate the portion of interest called feature volume. Next, the designer modifies the feature volume without concerning a topological change. Finally, the feature volume is united with the original solid model to complete the modification process. The results of test cases are presented to attest the usefulness of the proposed method.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.235-261
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• 2003

We examine the relationship between the trading activities of Korea Stock Price Index (KOSPI) 200 futures contract and its underlying stock market volatility for about six years from May 1996 when the futures contract was introduced. The trading activities of the futures contracts are proxied by the volume and open interest, which are divided into expected and unexpected portions by using the previous data. The daily, intradilay, and overnight cash volatility is estimated by the GJR-GARCH model. We find a positive contemporaneous relationship between the intradaily stock market volatility and the unexpected futures volume while the relationship between the volatility and expected futures volume is weakly negative or non-existent. We also find that the unexpected futures volume strongly causes intradaily cash volatility. On the other hand, the overnight cash volatility causes the unexpected futures volume. The impulse responses between these variables are all positive. The result implies that during a trading time futures trading tends to increase the cash volatility while the unexpected overnight changes in cash volatility tends to increase the futures trading activities. We, however, find no association between the cash volatility and futures maturities.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.85-90
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• 2016

Purpose: The aim of this study was to develop an automated software to extract tooth and pulpal area from sectional cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images, which can guarantee more reproducible, objective and time-saving way to measure pulp/tooth volume ratio. Methods: The software program was developed using MATLAB (MathWorks). To determine the optimal threshold for the region of interest (ROI) extraction, user interface to adjust the threshold for extraction algorithm was added. Default threshold was determined after several trials to make the outline of extracted ROI fitting to the tooth and pulpal outlines. To test the effect of starting point location selected initially in the pulpal area on the final result, pulp/tooth volume ratio was calculated 5 times with different 5 starting points. Results: Navigation interface is composed of image loading, zoom-in, zoom-out, and move tool. ROI extraction process can be shown by check in the option box. Default threshold is adjusted for the extracted tooth area to cover whole tooth including dentin, cementum, and enamel. Of course, the result can be corrected, if necessary, by the examiner as well as by changing the threshold of density of hard tissue. Extracted tooth and pulp area are reconstructed three-dimensional (3D) and pulp/tooth volume ratio is calculated by voxel counting on reconstructed model. The difference between the pulp/tooth volume ratio results from the 5 different extraction starting points was not significant. Conclusions: In further studies based on a large-scale sample, the most proper threshold to present the most significant relationship between age and pulp/tooth volume ratio and the tooth correlated with age the most will be explored. If the software can be improved to use whole CBCT data set rather than just sectional images and to detect pulp canal in the original 3D images generated by CBCT software itself, it will be more promising in practical uses.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.237-242
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• 2018

$^{18}F$-fludeoxyglucose PET (FDG-PET) can help finding an abnormal metabolic activity in brain. In this study, we evaluated an efficiency of volume- and cortical surface-based analysis which were used to determine whether standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) of FDG-PET was different among Alzheimer's disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and healthy control (HC). Each PET image was rigidly co-registered to the corresponding magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using mutual information. All voxels of the co-registered PET images were divided by the mean FDG uptake of the cerebellum cortex which was thresholded by partial volume effect (>0.9). Also, the SUVR value of each vertex was linearly interpolated from volumetric SUVR image which was thresholded by gray matter partial volume effect (>0.1). Lobar mean values were calculated from both volume- and cortical surface-based SUVRs. Statistical analysis was conducted to compare two measures for AD, MCI and HC groups. Even though the results of volume (SUVR_vol) and cortical surface-based SUVR (SUVR_surf) analysis were not significantly different from each other, the latter would be better for detecting group differences in SUVR of PET.

• Korean Medical Education Review
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.93-99
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• 2013

As a result of the globalization of diseases and the delivery of health care, physicians today are required to understand global health (GH) including the global burden of disease, health inequities, and effective medical aid. Interest in GH among medical students has also increased significantly. To meet these needs and to reflect an increasing focus on social accountability in medical education, global health education (GHE) programs have already been well-established, particularly in North America. Korea's official developmental aid (ODA) volume almost tripled from 2006 to 2011. Korea has committed to double its ODA/gross national income ratio over the next three years. With these increases, interest in GH among medical students has significantly increased. Despite significant interest among medical students, GHE programs have not been properly established in Korea. To develop GHE programs in Korea, proposed GHE curriculum frameworks were reviewed and core values, guiding principles, and GH competencies were identified in the context of the current literature. To identify key themes essential to the development of GHE programs in Korea, the curriculum frameworks should be focused on a global context and should be taught from the perspective of the social, political, and economic causes of ill health.