• 제목/요약/키워드: Volume Ratio Coefficient

검색결과 222건 처리시간 0.03초

Derivation of the Ambient Nitrogen Dioxide Mixing Ratio over a Traffic Road Site Based on Simultaneous Measurements Using a Ground-based UV Scanning Spectrograph

  • Lee, Han-Lim;Noh, Young-Min;Ryu, Jae-Yong;Hwang, Jung-Bae;Won, Yong-Gwan
    • Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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    • 제15권1호
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    • pp.96-102
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    • 2011
  • Simultaneous measurements using a scanning spectrograph system and transmissometer were performed for the first time over an urban site in Gwangju, Korea, to derive the ambient $NO_2$ volume mixing ratio. The differential slant column densities retrieved from the scanning spectrograph system were converted to volume mixing ratios using the light traveling distance along the scanning line of sight derived from the transmissometer light extinction coefficients. To assess the performance of this system, we compared the derived $NO_2$ volume mixing ratios with those measured by an in situ chemiluminescence monitor under various atmospheric conditions. For a cloudless atmosphere, the linear correlation coefficient (R) between the two data sets (i.e., data derived from the scanning spectrograph and from the in situ monitor) was 0.81; the value for a cloudy atmosphere was 0.69. The two sets of $NO_2$ volume mixing ratios were also compared for various wind speeds. We also consider the measurement errors, as estimated from an error propagation analysis.

인천지역 항로 준설토의 침강자중압밀시험에 의한 유보율 결정에 관한 연구 (Retention Ratio of Dredged Soil at Incheon Habour Route using Self-Weight Consolidation Test)

  • 신은철;박영진;강정구
    • 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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    • 제16권4호
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    • pp.57-66
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    • 2017
  • 준설 매립 부지의 최종 계획고를 얻기 위한 초기 준설 매립량과 매립두께를 결정하고 자중압밀에 소요되는 시간을 예측하기 위해 인천지역 항로 준설 시료에 대한 자중압밀시험과 공학적 특성을 분석하였다. 준설투기된 시료의 시간경과에 따른 함수비, 간극비 및 체적변화비에 관한 인자를 Yano의 경험식을 이용하여 평가하였다. 세립분 함유율이 낮은 경우 침강압밀계수의 변화폭이 작게 나타났으며, 세립분 함유율 50%에서 가장 크게 나타났다. 자중압밀에 따른 체적변화비를 이용하여 준설매립공사에 제시된 입도별 유보율의 포괄적인 측면을 보완할 수 있는 세립분 함유율에 따른 유보율을 산정하여 제시하였다.

A Comparison of the Heat Transfer Performance of Thermosyphon Using a Straight Groove and a Helical Groove

  • Han Kyuil;Cho Dong-Hyun
    • Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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    • 제19권12호
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    • pp.2296-2302
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    • 2005
  • This study is focused on the comparison of heat transfer performance of two thermosyphons having 60 straight and helical internal grooves. Distilled water has been used as working fluid. Liquid fill charge ratio defined by the ratio of working fluid volume to total internal volume of thermosyphon, the inclination angle and operating temperature were used as experimental parameters. The heat flux and heat transfer coefficient are estimated from experimental results. The conclusions of this study may be summarized as follows; Liquid fill charge ratio, inclination angle and geometric shape of grooves were very important factors for the operation of thermosyphon. The optimum liquid fill charge ratio for the best heat flux were $30\%$. The heat transfer performance of helically grooved tube was higher than that of straight grooved tube in low inclination angle (less than $30^{\circ}$), but the results were opposite in high inclination angle (more than $30^{\circ}$). As far as optimum inclination angle concerns, range of $25^{\circ}\~30^{\circ}$ for a helically grooved tube and about $40^{\circ}$ for a straight grooved tube are suggested angles for the best results.

서울시 가로경관 특성화 및 녹량증진을 위한 가로녹지 개선 방안 (Improvement on Street Greenery for the Landscape Specialization and Increase of Green Volume on the Streets of Seoul)

  • 변혜옥;한봉호;기경석;정진미
    • 한국조경학회지
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    • 제40권6호
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    • pp.35-46
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    • 2012
  • 본 연구에서는 서울시에 있는 가로를 토지이용별로 분류하여 녹량 특성과 경관특성을 구체적으로 분석하고 이에 따른 개선방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 연구 대상 가로는 서울시에서 이용률이 높은 가로이면서 보도가 넓어 녹지량을 증진시킬 수 있는 잠재성이 큰 가로인 광로만으로 한정하였다. 가로 유형별 녹량 및 경관 현황을 종합하여 보면 가로유형에 상관없이 양버즘나무와 은행나무가 대표 가로수종으로 식재되었고 가로별 녹시율은 주거지역 51.6%, 녹지지역 50.4%, 상업지역 45.2%, 업무지역 43.7% 순으로 나타났다. 주거지역을 제외한 지역에는 가로 띠녹지가 거의 없었고 가로별 녹피율은 업무지역 71.0%, 녹지지역 64.0%, 주거지역 37.3%, 상업지역 36.2% 순이며 녹지용적계수는 평균 $1.9m^3/m^2$로 나타났다. 연구결과를 바탕로 주거지역가로는 풍부한 녹의 커뮤니티공간과 4계절 화관목 경관제공을 목표로 하였고, 상업지역가로는 화목류와 단풍으로 상가 이미지 부각을 하되 서비스행위 및 보행에 지장을 주지 않도록 제안하였다. 업무지역가로는 녹량과 녹시율 증가 및 도심이미지에 어울리는 가로공간 연출을 목표로 하였고, 녹지지역가로는 자생종 위주의 다층식재 및 주변산림과 연계를 통한 야생동물 은신처, 서식처 제공을 위한 가로공간 조성을 목표로 하였다.

Optimization of Catechol Production Using Immobilized Resting Cells of Pseudomonas putida in Aqueous/organic Two-phase System

  • Chae, Hee-Jeong;Yoo, Young-Je
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제7권5호
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    • pp.345-351
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    • 1997
  • An aqueous/organic two-phase reaction system was applied to the production of catechol using immobilized resting cells of Pseudomonas putida CY 400. Water/ethyl ether system was used because of high partition coefficient of catechol and thus to reduce the product inhibition and degradation. Among the tested immobilization carriers, polyacrylamide gel gave the highest catechol productivity. The immobilization seemed to protect the cells against solvent toxicity. From the simulation of reaction conditions based on two-phase models, it was found that there was an optimum acetate concentration at fixed benzoate and cell concentrations for the catechol productivity. A lower phase volume ratio (lower fraction of organic phase) gave a higher productivity. However, the substrate conversion was low at low phase volume ratio.

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Internal pressures in buildings with a dominant opening and background porosity

  • Kim, P.Y.;Ginger, J.D.
    • Wind and Structures
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    • 제16권1호
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    • pp.47-60
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    • 2013
  • A dominant opening in a windward wall, which generates large internal pressures in a building, is a critical structural design criterion. The internal pressure fluctuations are a function of the dominant opening area size, internal volume size and external pressure at the opening. In addition, many buildings have background leakage, which can attenuate internal pressure fluctuations. This study examines internal pressure in buildings for a range of dominant opening areas, internal volume sizes and background porosities. The effects of background porosity are incorporated into the governing equation. The ratio of the background leakage area $A_L$ to dominant opening area $A_W$ is presented in a non-dimensional format through a parameter, ${\phi}_6-A_L/A_W$. Background porosity was found to attenuate the internal pressure fluctuations when ${\phi}_6$ is larger than 0.2. The dominant opening discharge coefficient, ${\kappa}$ was estimated to lie between 0.05 to 0.40 and the effective background porosity discharge coefficient ${\kappa}^{\prime}_L$, was estimated to be between 0.05 to 0.50.

CHARACTERIZATION OF POOL-RIFFLE SEQUENCES IN SOLUTE TRANSPORT MODELING OF STREAMS

  • Seo, Il-Won;Yu, Dae-young
    • Water Engineering Research
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    • 제1권3호
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    • pp.171-185
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    • 2000
  • A mathematical model to adequately predict complex mixing characteristics of sorptive polluants in natural streams with pools-and-riffes has been developed. In this model, sorption of pollutants onto the bed sediment as well as mass storage and exchange in the storage zones were incorporated into one-dimensional mass balance equatins. The geometric and hydraulic characteristics of the pool-riffle sequences were properly conceptualized. Simulations with parameters of pool-and-riffle streams better fit the measured data in overall shape and peak concentration than simulations with parameters for uniform channels. The analyses on the characteristics of the storage zone model parameters reveal that a linear relationship between the logrithm of the storage zone volume ratio and a function of the friction factor exists. A linear relatiohship might also be tenatively assumed between the logarithm of the dimensionless mass exchange coefficient and the logarithm of the aspect ratio of the storage zone if some of the high values of the dimensionless mass exchange coefficient collected on the successive bed forms are excluded.

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도시유역에서 저류지 설계를 위한 특성인자 분석 (An Analysis of Characteristic Parameters for the Design of Detention Pond in Urbanized Area)

  • 이재준;김호년;곽창재
    • 한국방재학회 논문집
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    • 제6권4호통권23호
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    • pp.37-47
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    • 2006
  • 도시화로 인한 유출량의 증가 및 도달시간의 단축은 도시재해의 한 원인이 되고 있다. 이를 막기 위하여 도시 배수유역내에 저류지를 설치하여 하수관거의 통수능 이하로 방류량을 조절하는 방안을 고려할 수 있다. 기초계획 단계에서의 저류지 설계를 위해서는 복잡한 연관성을 지니고 있는 제반 변수를 고려하지 않고 대표적인 관련 주요변수를 택하여 저류용량을 결정하는 여러 가지 저류지 계획모형이 이용되고 있다, 기왕의 저류지 계획모형에서는 주로 도시화 특성인자인 첨두유량비$(\alpha)$와 도달시간비$(\gamma)$를 활용하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 재해영향평가서 22개소의 저류지를 분석대상으로 하여 도시화에 따른 도시배수유역 특성인자와 저류지 특성인자간의 분석을 통해 저류지의 계획단계에서 활용할 수 있도록 편의성을 도모하고자 한다. 첨두유량비 $\alpha$가 도달시간비 $\gamma$보다 저류 용량에 미치는 영향이 더욱 민감함을 알 수 있었으며, 개발전 후의 유출계수비 $\beta$가 설계강우강도의 지역계수 n값 보다 $\alpha$에 미치는 영향이 작음을 알 수 있었다. 사다리꼴 설계수문곡선을 사용하는 경우에는 강우지속기간이 저류비에 미치는 영향이 큰 것을 알 수 있었다.

방사배수 압밀 중 위치별 간극수압 측정을 통한 투수계수와 관련물성치의 결정방법 (Evaluation of Permeability and Related Soil Characteristics Based on Pore Pressure Measurement during Consolidation by Radial Drainage)

  • 윤찬영;천성호;정충기;이원택
    • 대한토목학회논문집
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    • 제28권1C호
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    • pp.9-17
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    • 2008
  • 본 연구에서는 압밀 중에 위치별 간극수압의 측정을 통하여 시료 내 여러 위치에서 투수계수를 산정할 수 있는 이론해를 제시하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 간극비 및 체적압축계수를 산정할 수 있는 방법을 제안하였다. 또한 여러 위치에서 간극수압을 측정할 수 있는 방사내측배수가 가능한 대형압밀시험기를 제작하고 카올리나이트를 이용하여 압밀시험을 실시하였다. 시험결과로부터 압밀 중 투수계수, 간극비, 체적압축계수의 변화 및 시료 내 위치별 분포를 평가하였으며, 압밀완료 후 시료의 함수비 측정으로 평가된 값들과의 비교를 통하여 실험결과의 신뢰성을 검증하였다. 실험결과 투수계수, 체적압축계수, 간극비는 압밀 중 감소하며, 재하단계에 따라서도 감소함을 확인하였다. 또한 그 분포형태는 배수면 근처에서 가장 작고 배수거리에 따라 증가하며 비배수 경계면 근처에서는 오히려 약간 작은 것으로 나타났다.

ASSESSMENT OF THE TiO2/WATER NANOFLUID EFFECTS ON HEAT TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS IN VVER-1000 NUCLEAR REACTOR USING CFD MODELING

  • MOUSAVIZADEH, SEYED MOHAMMAD;ANSARIFAR, GHOLAM REZA;TALEBI, MANSOUR
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • 제47권7호
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    • pp.814-826
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    • 2015
  • The most important advantage of nanoparticles is the increased thermal conductivity coefficient and convection heat transfer coefficient so that, as a result of using a 1.5% volume concentration of nanoparticles, the thermal conductivity coefficient would increase by about twice. In this paper, the effects of a nanofluid ($TiO_2$/water) on heat transfer characteristics such as the thermal conductivity coefficient, heat transfer coefficient, fuel clad, and fuel center temperatures in a VVER-1000 nuclear reactor are investigated. To this end, the cell equivalent of a fuel rod and its surrounding coolant fluid were obtained in the hexagonal fuel assembly of a VVER-1000 reactor. Then, a fuel rod was simulated in the hot channel using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation codes and thermohydraulic calculations (maximum fuel temperature, fluid outlet, Minimum Departure from Nucleate Boiling Ratio (MDNBR), etc.) were performed and compared with a VVER-1000 reactor without nanoparticles. One of the most important results of the analysis was that heat transfer and the thermal conductivity coefficient increased, and usage of the nanofluid reduced MDNBR.