• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.339-345
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• 2020

Background: Iliac artery aneurysm is frequently found in patients undergoing surgical repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm. The use of commercial bifurcated grafts is insufficient for aorto-biiliac replacement with complete iliac artery aneurysm resection. We evaluated the effectiveness of handmade composite grafts for this purpose. Methods: A total of 233 patients underwent open surgery for abdominal aortic aneurysm between 2003 and 2019, including 155 patients (67%) treated with commercial grafts and 78 patients (33%) treated with handmade composite grafts. Their operative characteristics, postoperative outcomes, and late outcomes were retrospectively reviewed. Results: The early mortality rate did not differ significantly between the groups. On average, the handmade composite graft technique took approximately 15 minutes longer than the commercial graft technique (p=0.037). Among patients who underwent elective surgery, no significant differences between the conventional and composite groups were observed in the major outcomes, including red blood cell transfusion volume (2.8±4.7 units vs. 3.1±4.7 units, respectively; p=0.680), reoperation for bleeding (2.7% vs. 3.1%, respectively; p>0.999), bowel ischemia (0% vs. 1.6%, respectively; p=0.364), and intensive care unit stay duration (1.9±6.6 days vs. 1.6±2.4 days, respectively; p=0.680). The incidence of target vessel occlusion also did not differ significantly between groups. Conclusion: The increased technical demand involved with handmade composite grafting did not negatively impact the outcomes. This technique may be a viable option because it overcomes problems associated with commercial grafts.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권7호
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• pp.1067-1075
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• 2007

Twenty eight 3-4 month old castrated Black Bengal kids (Capra hircus) were used to determine the effects of source and level of dietary copper (Cu) concentration on their performance and nutrient utilization. Cu was supplemented (0, 10, 20 and 30 mg/kg diet DM) as copper sulfate ($CuSO_4$, $5H_2O$) or copper proteinate (Cu-P). Kids were fed a basal diet containing maize (19.5%), soybean (17.0%), deoiled rice bran (56.5%), molasses (4.0%), di-calcium phosphate and salt (1.0% each) and mineral and vitamin mixture (0.5% each) supplements at 3.5% of body weight to meet NRC (1981) requirements for protein, energy, macro minerals and micro minerals, excluding Cu. The basal diet contained 5.7 mg Cu/kg, 122.5 mg Fe/kg, 110 mg Zn/kg, 0.26 mg Mo/kg and 0.32% S. $CuSO_4$ or Cu-P was added to the basal diet at the rate of 10, 20 and 30 mg/kg. Kids were housed in a well ventilated shed with facilities for individual feeding in aluminum plated metabolic cages. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein on d 0, 30, 60 and 90 to determine hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), total erythrocyte count (TEC), total leukocyte count (TLC) and serum enzymes (alkaline phosphatase, alanine transferase and aspertate transferase). A metabolism trial of 6 days duration was conducted after 90 days of experimental feeding. Statistical analysis revealed that source and level of Cu supplementation improved live weight gain (p<0.04) and average daily gain (p<0.01). No significant contribution of source and level of Cu to alter serum serum enzymes was evident. Goats fed Cu-P tended to have higher Hb, PCV and TEC than with $CuSO_4$ supplementation. Cu-P increased digestibility of ether extract (EE, p<0.02) and crude fiber (p<0.05) and showed an increasing trend (p<0.09) for digested crude protein (CP) and crude fiber (CF). Supplemental dose of Cu linearly improved (p<0.02) digestibilities of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), EE and nitrogen free extract (NFE). Though the absorption of nitrogen (N) was not affected (p>0.10) by both source and dose of Cu, N retention was affected (p<0.04) and there was a significant $Source{\times}Dose$ interaction (p<0.05). Final body weight (BW) was not influenced (p>0.10) by the source of Cu but increasing dose of Cu increased (p<0.04) the BW of kids. TDN intake (g/kg $W^{0.75}$) was higher (p<0.05) with the increased dose of Cu and there was a significant $Source{\times}Dose$ interaction. It was concluded that supplementation of Cu from different sources and varying dose level in a concentrate based diet may improve performance, nutrient utilization and plane of nutrition in castrated Black Bengal kids. The effects on performance and nutrient utilization are more pronounced with Cu-P than $CuSO_4$ supplementation. Higher dose of Cu showed better result than lower dose.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.818-822
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• 2003

In order to investigate the effect of different sources of energy on intake and nutrient utilization from urea molasses mineral block (UMMB), rumen fermentation pattern and blood biochemical constituents, 18 intact and 9 rumen fistulated male Murrah buffaloes aged about 3 years and average weight 310.8 kg were randomly allocated into three groups of 9 animals in each, thus each group having 6 intact and three rumen fistulated buffaloes. All animals were fed individually for 90 days. All buffaloes were offered wheat straw as basal roughage and urea molasses mineral block for free choice of licking. Three different energy sources viz., barley grain, (group I), maize grain (group II) and jowar green (group III) were offered to meet their nutrient requirement as per Kearl (1982). At the end of feeding trial, a metabolism trial of 7 days duration was carried out on intact animals to determine the digestibility of nutrients. Rumen fermentation studies were carried out on rumen fistulated animals. After the metabolism trial blood was collected from intact animals to estimate the nitrogen constituents in blood serum of animals fed on different sources of energy. Results revealed no significant difference in the intake of UMMB in three groups. Similarly, the intake of DM (kg), DCP (g) and TDN (kg) per day was similar in three groups statistically. The apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), ether extract (EE) and nitrogen free extract (NFE) was significantly (p<0.05) more in group II than group III, whereas the digestibility of DM, OM and NFE was similar in group I and II. The digestibility of crude fiber (CF) and all the fiber fractions i.e. NDF, ADF, cellulose and hemicellulose was alike in 3 groups. Nitrogen balance (g/d) was significantly (p<0.05) more in group III as compared to group I and II, which were alike statistically, though the N intake (g/d) was similar in 3 groups but N balance (g/d) was significantly (p<0.05) less in group III as compared to other 2 groups. Significantly (p<0.05) higher concentration of total volatile fatty acids (TVFA), total nitrogen (TN) and its fractions were observed in group I and II as compared to group III. There was no effect on rumen pH, rumen volume and digesta flow rate due to different sources of energy in 3 groups. Similarly the blood serum biochemical parameters (NH3-N, urea-N and total protein) were statistically identical in 3 groups.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.299-320
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• 2008

당나라 때 사용하던 역법들과 우리나라삼국사기의 기록을 근거로 신라시대에 사용한 역법에 대하여 알아보았다. 특히 신라역법에 결정적 영향을 준 당(庸)나라 역법들을 시대순으로 살펴보고 신라시대에 사용한 것으로 보이는 역법에 대하여 분석하였다. 주로 신라시대 사용한 역법은 인덕력(麟德曆), 대연력(大衍曆), 선명력(宣明曆)등이 있음을 밝혔다. 아울러 당시 누각전(漏刻殿)에서 사용한 누각(漏刻)의 복원설계를 위해 삼국사기와 중국과 일본의 누각 관련 자료를 찾아 살펴본 결과 통일신라시대는 사급보상식부전루를 사용함을 알게 되었다. 중국 문헌과 일본 아스카사(비조사, 飛鳥寺)에 복원해 놓은 물시계 모델을 참고하여 신라시대에 사용한 물시계 종류와 구조를 대략 추측할 수 있었다. 이 연구에서는 사급보상식루각 설계를 위해 파수호의 관을 통해 공급되는 물의 양과 관의 직경에 따른 변화를 알아보는 유속 측정기를 직접 제작하여 실험하였다. 그리고 이 장치를 소개하고 실험 방법에서 얻어진 결과를 제시하고 신라시대 물시계의 사급보상식루각(四級補像式漏刻)의 개념 설계를 실시하였다. 이에 따라 신라의 역법에 근거하여 당시에 사용한 부전(浮箭)과 함께 복원 설계도를 완성하였다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.10-26
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• 2013

To understand the traffic emissions with high temporal and spatial resolutions on road, a mobile laboratory was developed. The objective of this study is to characterize on-road air pollution on Naebu express way surrounding the northern area of Seoul, Korea. We measured the number concentration of ultrafine particles larger than 5 nm and particle size distribution using a condensation particle counter and a fast mobility particle sizer, respectively on 3, 7, and 8 December 2009. The average ultrafine particle number concentration on the Naebu express way excluding tunnels was 126,000 particles/$cm^3$ and 4.2 times higher than that on internal road at Korea Institute of Science and Technology in Seoul, and more than twice higher than that measured on and at the arterial roads of Seoul in previous studies. The maximum ultrafine particle number concentration was observed at the tunnel sections. It was 232,000 particles/$cm^3$ and 1.8 times higher than average ultrafine particle number concentration for the other sections on Naebu express way. The ultrafine particle number concentration on the wider roads with higher traffic volume along the Han River was similar to that in the residential section, probably because of enhanced dilution effect in widely open environment. The size distribution of particles on the Naebu express way was highly fluctuated for a short duration. Ultrafine particles measured at the tunnel showed a bimodal size distribution with mode diameters of ~10 nm and ~50 nm. At the Han riverside section, ~10 nm particles appeared significantly compared with size distribution at the tunnel. This on-road measurement approach can be utilized to manage vehicle-related air pollution in urban area.

• 한국방재학회 논문집
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.105-117
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• 2010

도시지역의 지형적인 저지대, 배수능력 부족, 하수역류 노면배수 등은 내수침수의 주요원인이며 최근 기후변화에 따른 강우증가, 경제발전과 인구증가에 따른 급격한 도시화, 도시지역 불투수 면적의 증가는 도시지역 내수침수의 위험성을 가중시키고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 도시지역의 내수침수 위험도 분석을 위하여 부산시 대표 도시하천인 온천천을 대상유역으로 하여 SWMM 모형을 구축하고 각 소유역의 대표 우수관을 선정하여 강우에 의한 도시하천 내수침수 위험 취약성 분석을 실시하였다. 침수위험 취약성 분석을 위하여 SWMM모형 내 관거의 용량을 나타내는 지표인 Capacity를 이용하였으며 Capacity에 따라 내수침수 위험도를 1단계에서 4단계로 구분하였다. 내수침수 위험도 분석은 2009년 7월 7일 부산시 집중호우에 의한 실제침수 구역과 SWMM 모형의 모의에 의한 결과를 비교 분석하여 모형의 타당성을 입증하고 부산지점 빈도별(10, 20, 50, 100년) 지속시간별(6, 12, 18, 24hr) 확률강우량을 입력하여 내수침수 위험 취약성 분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 도시지역의 내수침수 예경보 및 내수침수 취약지구 선정에 활용가능할 것이다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제61권5호
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• pp.592-599
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• 2018

Objective : Metastatic brain tumors (MBTs) often present with intracerebral hemorrhage. Although Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) is a valid treatment option for hemorrhagic MBTs, its efficacy is unclear. To achieve oncologic control and reduce radiation toxicity, we used a radiosurgical targeting technique that confines the tumor core within the hematoma when performing GKS in patients with such tumors. We reviewed our experience in this endeavor, focusing on local tumor control and treatment-associated morbidities. Methods : From 2007 to 2014, 13 patients with hemorrhagic MBTs were treated via GKS using our targeting technique. The median marginal dose prescribed was 23 Gy (range, 20-25). GKS was performed approximately 2 weeks after tumor bleeding to allow the patient's condition to stabilize. Results : The primary sites of the MBTs included the liver (n=7), lung (n=2), kidney (n=1), and stomach (n=1); in two cases, the primary tumor was a melanoma. The mean tumor volume was $4.00cm^3$ (range, 0.74-11.0). The mean overall survival duration after GKS was 12.5 months (range, 3-29), and three patients are still alive at the time of the review. The local tumor control rate was 92% (tumor disappearance 23%, tumor regression 46%, and stable disease 23%). There was one (8%) instance of local recurrence, which occurred 11 months after GKS in the solid portion of the tumor. No GKS-related complications were observed. Conclusion : Our experience shows that GKS performed in conjunction with our targeting technique safely and effectively treats hemorrhagic MBTs. The success of this technique may reflect the presence of scattered metastatic tumor cells in the hematoma that do not proliferate owing to the inadequate microenvironment of the hematoma. We suggest that GKS can be a useful treatment option for patients with hemorrhagic MBTs that are not amenable to surgery.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.599-612
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• 2014

This paper presents the effects of the construction stages using time dependent material properties on the structural behaviour of concrete arch dams. For this purpose, a double curvature Type-5 arch dam suggested in "Arch Dams" symposium in England in 1968 is selected as a numerical example. Finite element models of Type-5 arch dam are modelled using SAP2000 program. Geometric nonlinearity is taken into consideration in the construction stage analysis using P-Delta plus large displacement criterion. In addition, the time dependent material strength variations and geometric variations are included in the analysis. Elasticity modulus, creep and shrinkage are computed for different stages of the construction process. In the construction stage analyses, a total of 64 construction stages are included. Each stage has generally $6000m^3$ concrete volume. Total duration is taken into account as 1280 days. Maximum total step and maximum iteration for each step are selected as 200 and 50, respectively. The structural behaviour of the arch dam at different construction stages has been examined. Two different finite element analyses cases are performed. In the first case, construction stages using time dependent material properties are considered. In the second case, only linear static analysis (not considered construction stages) is taken into account. Variation of the displacements and stresses are obtained from the both analyses. It is highlighted that construction stage analysis using time dependent material strength variations and geometric variations has an important effect on the structural behaviour of arch dams. The maximum longitudinal, transverse and vertical displacements obtained from construction stages and static analyses are 1.35 mm and 0 mm; -8.44 and 6.68 mm; -4.00 and -9.90 mm, respectively. In addition, vertical displacements increase from the base to crest of the dam for both analyses. The maximum S11, S22 and S33 stresses are obtained as 1.60MPa and 2.84MPa; 1.39MPa and 2.43MPa; 0.60MPa and 0.50MPa, respectively. The differences between maximum longitudinal, transverse, and vertical stresses obtained from construction stage and static analyses are 78%, 75%, and %17, respectively. On the other hand, there is averagely 12% difference between minimum stresses for all three directions.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.299-303
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• 2011

Objective : Brainstem metastases are rarely operable and generally unresponsive to conventional radiation therapy or chemotherapy. Recently, Gamma Knife Radiosurgery (GKRS) was used as feasible treatment option for brainstem metastasis. The present study evaluated our experience of brainstem metastasis which was treated with GKRS. Methods : Between November 1992 and June 2010, 32 patients (23 men and 9 women, mean age 56.1 years, range 39-73) were treated with GKRS for brainstem metastases. There were metastatic lesions in pons in 23, the midbrain in 6, and the medulla oblongata in 3 patients, respectively. The primary tumor site was lung in 21, breast in 3, kidney in 2 and other locations in 6 patients. The mean tumor volume was $1,517mm^3$ (range, 9-6,000), and the mean marginal dose was 15.9 Gy (range, 6-23). Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) was obtained every 2-3 months following GKRS. Follow-up MRI was possible in 24 patients at a mean follow-up duration of 12.0 months (range, 1-45). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to evaluate the prognostic factors. Results : Follow-up MRI showed tumor disappearance in 6, tumor shrinkage in 14, no change in tumor size in 1, and tumor growth in 3 patients, which translated into a local tumor control rate of 87.5% (21 of 24 tumors). The mean progression free survival was 12.2 months (range, 2-45) after GKRS. Nine patients were alive at the completion of the study, and the overall mean survival time after GKRS was 7.7 months (range, 1-22). One patient with metastatic melanoma experienced intratumoral hemorrhage during the follow-up period. Survival was found to be associated with score of more than 70 on Karnofsky performance status and low recursive partitioning analysis class (class 1 or 2), in terms of favorable prognostic factors. Conclusion : GKRS was found to be safe and effective for management of brainstem metastasis. The integral clinical status of patient seems to be important in determining the overall survival time.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.120-131
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• 1998

This study was performed to define the physicochemical characteristics of food waste and food wastewater, and to find the effect of moisture content variation and salinity variation on aerobic composting for food wastes. In moisture content variation experiment, the samples of 2-1, 2-2, 2-3 and 24 were prepared by the moisture content of 83.8%, 70.9%, 64.8% and 45.1%, respectively. In salinity variation experiment, the samples of 3-1, 3-2, 3-3 and 3-4 were prepared by the salinity of 0.99%, 1. 69%, 1.75% and 2.34%, respectively. In both experiments, aerobic composting reactors were operated by the mode which was composed of half an hour's stirring and 2 hour's aeration per day, for 45 days. The followings are the conclusions that were derived from this study. 1. In the study of physicochemical characteristics of food waste and food wastewater, the values of pH were 4.19 and 3.96, the values of salinity were 0.91% and 1.17%, and the values of conductivity were 7.6 mS/cm and 18.2 mS/cm, respectively. 2. In food waste, the moisture content was 60.3%, organic compound content was 96.1%, total carbon was 48.0%, total nitrogen was 1.5%(therefore, C/N ratio was 32), and the concentration of total phosphorus was 1.34 mg/kg. 3. The time of temperature ascending was delayed, the highest temperature was lowered, the duration period of high temperature was shortened by the increasing of moisture content. In the higher moisture content, anaerobic condition was formed, bad smell was released, insects were gathered and multiplicated, and the reaction rate of composting was reduced. 4. In moisture content experiment, C/N ratios were changed from the range of 31.2-34.8 at the beginning phase to that of 20.4-28.4 at the last phase. 5. In salinity experiment, the reduction rate of volume was increased(40.3%) when the salinity was decreased(0.99%). Also, the reduction rate of mass was increased(51.8%) when the salinity was decreased(0.99%). This fact denotes that salinity hinders the process of composting. 6. the concentrations of total nitrogen and total phosphorus were increased from 0.74% to 1.10%, and from 0.82 mg/kg to 3.44 mg/kg, respectively when the salinity was decreased from 2.34% to 0.99%.