• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.5 no.11
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• pp.2908-2914
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• 1998

This paper presents an intelligent signal for controling the traffic lights on traffic junction network with dynamic traffic flow, When a junction is connected to adjacent junctions on four sides. Prior researches have been done on the single traffic junction. However, it is dificult to apply single junction controller to real traffic situation. In this paper, we develop a fuzzy taffic network controller which adjusts the extension time of current green phase by using teh fuzzy input variables such as the number of entering cars at the green light, the number of waiting cars during the red light, and the traffic volume. The proposed method was compared to the existing junction signal control methods on controllers in terms of average delay time of cars and the cost function defined in this paper.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Industry Society
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• v.5 no.9
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• pp.1005-1016
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• 2004

The conventional traffic light loses the function of optimal traffic signal cycle. And so, 30-45% of conventional traffic signal cycle is not matched to the present traffic signal cycle. In this paper proposes electro sensitive traffic light using fuzzy rules which will reduce the average vehicle waiting time and improve average vehicle speed. This paper is researching the storing method of 40 different kinds of sensor input conditions. Such as, car speed, delay· in starting time and the volume of cars in the real traffic situation. It will estimate the optimal green time in the 10 different intersections using Intelligent fuzzy method. Computer simulation results prove that reducing the average vehicle waiting time and offset better than fixed signal method which doesn't consider vehicle length.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.401-410
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• 2007

Multimedia streams transmitted through the Internet have a strict playback delay time. Multimedia data arriving aster the playback time cannot be played in the receiver and are discarded. Thus, this paper proposed a protocol, in which the multimedia stream server determines whether data can be played in the receiver before sending the data. The proposed model has a PSCTP sub-layer on top of existing PR-SCTP and decides whether to send data messages, which have come from the multimedia applicationserver, and which PR-SCTP stream the data will be sent to. In addition, the proposed model uses the differentiated retransmission function of PR-SCTP. We evaluated the performance of SCTP, PR-SCTP and PSCTP using NS2 simulator. According to the results of the evaluation, the PSCTP protocol decreased the volume of transmission and increased the video decodable ratio compared to other protocols.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.51-58
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• 2024

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) bear a significant financial burden and face numerous complications and higher mortality rates. The progression of CKD is associated with glomerular injury caused by glomerular hyperfiltration and oxidative stress. Factors such as uncontrolled hypertension, elevated urine protein levels, anemia, and underlying glomerular disease, contribute to CKD progression. In addition to conservative treatment, several medications are available to combat the progression of CKD to end-stage kidney disease. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockers could slow the progression of CKD by reducing glomerular hyperfiltration, lowering blood pressure, and decreasing inflammation. Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists inhibit the mineralocorticoid receptor signaling pathway, thereby attenuating inflammation and fibrosis. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors exhibit protective effects on the kidneys and against cardiovascular events. Tolvaptan, a selective vasopressin V2-receptor antagonist, decelerates the rate of increase in total kidney volume and deterioration of kidney function in patients with rapidly progressive autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. The protective effects of AST-120 remain controversial. Due to a lack of evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of these medications in children, it is imperative to weigh the benefits and adverse effects carefully. Further research is essential to establish the efficacy and safety profiles in pediatric populations.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.493-499
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• 2023

Trade credit refers to a transaction where a product supplier allows an distributor to defer payment for a certain period of time for the purchase cost of the products. This practice is generally permitted as a means of differentiation between competing companies. Such trade credit is commonly granted based on the volume of transactions, aiming to increase customer orders. From the perspective of the distributor, trade credit allows for a deferred payment period for the purchase cost, leading to cost savings in inventory investment. These cost savings in inventory investment can be a factor in reducing selling prices with the aim of increasing customer demand. In this study, we analyze a model that determines the optimal selling price and order quantity from the perspective of the distributor, assuming that the supplier allows a deferred payment period dependent on the transaction volume. We assume that the final customer's annual demand exhibits an exponential decrease with respect to the distributor's selling price, using a constant price elasticity function. To analyze the problem, we assume that the product deteriorates at a constant rate over time and aim to establish an inventory model for the intermediate distributor. We also want to analyze the impact of deterioration on the inventory policies of the intermediate distributor.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.577-582
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• 2022

Credit transactions are used as a means of price discrimination from competitors in order for suppliers to increase customer demand. In particular, in the case of a two-stage supply chain consisting of a supplier, a retailer, and a customer, the deferral of payment for goods allowed by the supplier is a means of reducing the inventory investment cost of the retailer. Retailers have the opportunity to discount the selling price while anticipating an increase in end-customer demand through the reduction of the inventory investment cost. In view of the fact that such trade credit is provided for the purpose of increasing demand as a means of discrimination from competitors, it may be more general that the credit transaction period is allowed flexibly according to the transaction volume. In particular, in the case of deteriorating products, the credit transaction period given according to the order volume is a factor that increases the order volume of the retailer, but product deterioration can be a limiting factor in the increase in the order volume. The deterioration rate actually plays an important role in determining the inventory policy of the retailer. Therefore, in this paper, the effect of such deterioration rate on the inventory policy of retailer is analyzed.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.90-101
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• 2016

This study was initiated to develop an algorithm for traffic condition adaptive optimal traffic signal control for isolated intersections based on the vehicle trajectory data. The algorithm determines the optimal cycle length, phase lengths, phase sequences using the data collected under V2X communication environment every second. In addition, the algorithm utilizes a traditional feature of the actuated signal control, gap-out, using traditional detector systems to consider the mixture of normal vehicles and vehicles equipped with the V2X communication function. The performance of the algorithm was compared with that of the fixed signal timing plan which was optimized with Synchro under a microscopic traffic simulation-based test bed. As a result, the overall performance, including average delay, average stop delay, the number of stops, and average speed, are improved apparently. In addition, the amount of improvement get bigger as the traffic volume in the intersection as well as the number of vehicles equipped with the V2X communication function increase.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.485-491
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• 2022

The traditional economic order quantity (EOQ) model is analyzed under the basic assumption that the purchase price is paid immediately upon receiving the product. However, product suppliers may allow a certain period of deferral of payment for product purchase costs in order to differentiate themselves from competitors. From the distributor's point of view, such a credit transaction can temporarily divert product purchase costs, resulting in a reduction in inventory investment costs, and ultimately, a factor that lowers the selling price for the purpose of increasing end-customer demand can be. In addition, in that credit transactions are provided for the purpose of increasing the demand of suppliers as a means of differentiation from competitors, it is more general to be allowed flexibly according to the transaction volume. In this regard, assuming that the end customer's demand is represented by a linear decreasing function of the distributor's selling price, this study analyzes a model for determining the distributor's pricing and ordering policies under order-size-dependent delay in payments. For the analysis, we also assume that the inventory is depleted not only by customer's demand but also by decaying.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.21-35
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• 2016

This study is to evaluate the applicability of SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model for multi-purpose dams and multi-function weirs operation in Namhan river basin ($12,577km^2$) of South Korea. The SWAT was calibrated (2005 ~ 2009) and validated (2010 ~ 2014) considering of 4 multi-purpose dams and 3 multi-function weirs using daily observed dam inflow and storage, evapotranspiration, soil moisture, and groundwater level data. Firstly, the dam inflow was calibrated by the five steps; (step 1) the physical rate between total runoff and evapotranspiration was controlled by ESCO, (step 2) the peak runoff was calibrated by CN, OV_N, and CH_N, (step 3) the baseflow was calibrated by GW_DELAY, (step 4) the recession curve of baseflow was calibrated by ALPHA_BF, (step 5) the flux between lateral flow and return flow was controlled by SOL_AWC and SOL_K, and (step 6) the flux between reevaporation and return flow was controlled by REVAPMN and GW_REVAP. Secondly, for the storage water level calibration, the SWAT emergency and principle spillway were applied for water level from design flood level to restricted water level for dam and from maximum to management water level for weir respectively. Finally, the parameters for evapotranspiration (ESCO), soil water (SOL_AWC) and groundwater level fluctuation (GWQMN, ALPHA_BF) were repeatedly adjusted by trial error method. For the dam inflow, the determination coefficient $R^2$ was above 0.80. The average Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) was from 0.59 to 0.88 and the RMSE was from 3.3 mm/day to 8.6 mm/day respectively. For the water balance performance, the PBIAS was between 9.4 and 21.4 %. For the dam storage volume, the $R^2$ was above 0.63 and the PBIAS was between 6.3 and 13.5 % respectively. The average $R^2$ for evapotranspiration and soil moisture at CM (Cheongmicheon) site was 0.72 and 0.78, and the average $R^2$ for groundwater level was 0.59 and 0.60 at 2 YP (Yangpyeong) sites.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.105-111
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• 2008

Mobility support for mobile networks will be important to minimize the packet overhead, to optimize routing, to reduce handoff latency, and to reduce the volume of handoff signals. Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6) and Hierarchical MIPv6 (HMIPv6) are one of mobility management protocols (MMPs) that provides network layer mobility over all access technologies. However, the communication quality of these candidates is severely degraded during handoffs. As another way to improve the handoff performance of a mobile network by conventional MMPs such as MIPv6 and HMIPv6, we propose a Low Latency Handoff Scheme (LLHS) combining Fast MIPv6 (FMIPv6) with HMIPv6 extension with buffering function, in which Mobility Anchor Points (MAPs) buffer packets destined to the Mobile Routers (MRs) or MNs within a mobile network during handoffs. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme reduces transmission delay and packet loss in UDP communication.