• Spatial Information Research
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• v.13 no.3 s.34
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• pp.297-307
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• 2005

This study was performed to get the basic data for the dredging project and logical maintenance of the Yaedang reservoir. The survey of reservoir capacity for calculation of sediment volume carried out using DGPS Echo-Sounder during November $25\~30$ in 2004. The latitude and longitude signal from GPS satellite was received a second interval with the UTM coordinate system. Water depth was measured 0.2 second interval by Echo-sounder sensor in MIDAS Surveyor. The UTM coordinate datum were transformed into standard coordinate datum of Korean(TM coordinate datum) using Arc Info System. Mapping of contour was used Sufer, Arc View and Auto CAB Program Storage capacity of Yaedang reservoir was estimated by average contour area method. Result of this time investigation for useful storage determination of Yaedang reservoir was showed 4,601.585 ha-m and was differenced less 5.425ha-m the bygones useful storage.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.507-516
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• 2015

Debris flow is a representative natural disaster in Korea and occurs frequently every year. Recently, it has caused considerable damage to property and considerable loss of life in both mountainous and urban regions. Therefore, It is necessary to estimate the scope of damage for a large area in order to predict the debris flow. A response model such as the random walk model(RWM) can be used as a useful tool instead of a physics-based numerical model. RWM is a probability model that simplifies both debris flows and sedimentation characteristics as a factor of slopes for a subjective site and represents a relatively simple calculation method compared to other debris flow behavior calculation models. Although RWM can be used to analyzing and predicting the scope of damage caused by a debris flow, input variables for terrain conditions are yet to be determined. In this study, optimal input variables were estimated using DEM generated from the Aerial Photograph and LiDAR data of Mt. Umyeon, Seoul, where a large-scale debris flow occurred in 2011. Further, the deposition volume resulting from the debris flow was predicted using the input variables for a specific area in which the deposition volume could not be calculated because of work restoration and the passage of time even though a debris flow occurred there. The accuracy of the model was verified by comparing the result of predicting the deposition volume in the debris flow with the result obtained from a debris flow behavior analysis model, Debris 2D.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.305-313
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• 2000

The calculation of earthwork plays a major role in plan or design of many civil engineering projects, and thus it has become very important to advanced the accuracy of earthwork calculation. Current methods used for estimating the volume of pit excavation assumes that the ground profile between the grid points is linear(trapezoidal rule), or nonlinear(simpson's formulas). Generally speaking. the nonlinear profile formulas provide better accuracy than the linear profile formulas. However, all the formulas mentioned have a common drawback to ground profile, such as sharp corners or the grid points of any two straight lines. In this paper, mathematical model for a searching examination the drawbacks of the current methods is presented. Also, the presented formular, the spot height method, and chamber formulas, chen and lin method are compared with the volumes of the pits in these examples. As a result of this study, algorithm of a proposal area formula by spline method should provide a better accuracy than the spot height method, chamber formulas, chen and lin method. The mathematical model mentioned make an offer maximum accuracy in estimating the volume of a pit excavation.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.60-67
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• 2020

Purpose: We performed three-dimensional (3D) dose reconstruction-based pretreatment verification to evaluate gamma analysis acceptance criteria in volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) for prostate cancer. Materials and Methods: Pretreatment verification for 28 VMAT plans for prostate cancer was performed using the COMPASS system with a dolphin detector. The 3D reconstructed dose distribution of the treatment planning system calculation (TC) was compared with that of COMPASS independent calculation (CC) and COMPASS reconstruction from the dolphin detector measurement (CR). Gamma results (gamma failure rate and average gamma value [GFR and γAvg]) and dose-volume histogram (DVH) deviations, 98%, 2% and mean dose-volume difference (DD_98%, DD_2% and DD_mean), were evaluated. Gamma analyses were performed with two acceptance criteria, 2%/2 mm and 3%/3 mm. Results: The GFR in 2%/2 mm criteria were less than 8%, and those in 3%/3 mm criteria were less than 1% for all structures in comparisons between TC, CC, and CR. In the comparison between TC and CR, GFR and γAvg in 2%/2 mm criteria were significantly higher than those in 3%/3 mm criteria. The DVH deviations were within 2%, except for DD_mean (%) for rectum and bladder. Conclusions: The 3%/3 mm criteria were not strict enough to identify any discrepancies between planned and measured doses, and DVH deviations were less than 2% in most parameters. Therefore, gamma criteria of 2%/2 mm and DVH related parameters could be a useful tool for pretreatment verification for VMAT in prostate cancer.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.2307-2312
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• 2014

Artificial reef refers to various structures that facility to construction field format and spawning of marine organisms, sea ranch, forest of the sea, and sea jungle artificially in water, Build a production stable base of marine products, thereby contributing to an increase in the income of fishermen. In the management of an artificial reef, the calculation of the number of square reefs may be that it is a method to perform the submersible is an important part of maintenance is correct. However, cost and diving personnel, depending on the diving situation, there is a difficult thing to implement to coast across the country. Therefore, In this study, We calculated the volume using the multi-beam Echo Sounder and side scan sonar for the reefs of the rectangle are the existing installation. And proposes the improvement of the estimation in accordance with the volume coefficient reef.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 2014

Purpose : To derive the most appropriate factors by considering the effects of the major factors when applied to the optimization algorithm, thereby aiding the effective designing of a ideal treatment plan. Materials and Methods : The eclipse treatment planning system(Eclipse 10.0, Varian, USA) was used in this study. The PBC (Pencil Beam Convolution) algorithm was used for dose calculation, and the DVO (Dose Volume Optimizer 10.0.28) Optimization algorithm was used for intensity modulated radiation therapy. The experimental group consists of patients receiving intensity modulated radiation therapy for the head and neck cancer and dose prescription to two planned target volume was 2.2 Gy and 2.0 Gy simultaneously. Treatment plan was done with inverse dose calculation methods utilizing 6 MV beam and 7 fields. The optimal algorithm parameter of the established plan was selected based on volume dose-priority(Constrain), dose fluence smooth value and the impact of the treatment plan was analyzed according to the variation of each factors. Volume dose-priority determines the reference conditions and the optimization process was carried out under the condition using same ratio, but different absolute values. We evaluated the surrounding normal organs of treatment volume according to the changing conditions of the absolute values of the volume dose-priority. Dose fluence smooth value was applied by simply changing the reference conditions (absolute value) and by changing the related volume dose-priority. The treatment plan was evaluated using Conformal Index, Paddick's Conformal Index, Homogeneity Index and the average dose of each organs. Results : When the volume dose-priority values were directly proportioned by changing the absolute values, the CI values were found to be different. However PCI was $1.299{\pm}0.006$ and HI was $1.095{\pm}0.004$ while D5%/D95% was $1.090{\pm}1.011$. The impact on the prescribed dose were similar. The average dose of parotid gland decreased to 67.4, 50.3, 51.2, 47.1 Gy when the absolute values of the volume dose-priority increased by 40,60,70,90. When the dose smooth strength from each treatment plan was increased, PCI value increased to $1.338{\pm}0.006$. Conclusion : The optimization algorithm was more influenced by the ratio of each condition than the absolute value of volume dose-priority. If the same ratio was maintained, similar treatment plan was established even if the absolute values were different. Volume dose-priority of the treatment volume should be more than 50% of the normal organ volume dose-priority in order to achieve a successful treatment plan. Dose fluence smooth value should increase or decrease proportional to the volume dose-priority. Volume dose-priority is not enough to satisfy the conditions when the absolute value are applied solely.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.409-420
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• 2017

The amount of ventilation required in making the tunnel ventilation plan is an important factor for determining the capacity of the ventilation system. The amount of pollutant emission for each type of vehicle (basic emission amount for the design of ventilation volume) for estimating the required ventilation amount is based on the 'Standard for Allowing the Emission for the car manufacturing', proposed by Ministry of Environment. However, in 2013, the Ministry of Environment announced the 'Regulations on the calculation method of total emissions from vehicles' as a regulation for calculating the pollutants emitted from vehicles. In this regulation, there are the 'Emission factors for each type of vehicle'. Therefore, it is necessary to review the application of the Regulation to the estimation of the required ventilation volume for the road tunnel. In this study, the influence of the strengthened emission regulation in 2015 caused by the case of manipulation of emission volume for the diesel vehicle on the calculation of the required ventilation volume in the road tunnel has been checked. In addition, in this study, the required ventilation volume calculated according to the Standard for Allowing the Emission for the car manufacturing revised by Ministry of Environment and "Emission factors for each type of vehicle" and that calculated according to the EURO emission standard were compared for analysis. This study has implications that it provides the basic design data for calculating the reasonable ventilation capacity of the ventilation system based on the ground for calculating the required ventilation volume.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.11-14
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• 2012

Purpose: Anisotropic Analytical Algorithm (AAA) provides more accurate dose calculation regarding impact on scatter and tissue inhomogeneity in comparison to Pencil Beam Convolution (PBC) algorithm. This study tries to analyze the difference of dose distribution according to PBC algorithm and dose calculation algorithm of AAA on breast cancer tangential plan. Materials and Methods: Computerized medical care plan using Eclipse treatment planning system (version 8.9, VARIAN, USA) has been established for the 10 breast cancer patients using 6 MV energy of Linac (CL-6EX, VARIAN, USA). After treatment plan of Conventional Radiation Therapy plan (Conventional plan) and Field-in-Field Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy plan (FiF plan) using PBC algorithm has been established, MU has been fixed, implemented dose calculation after changing it to AAA, and compared and analyzed treatment plan using Dose Volume Histogram (DVH). Results: Firstly, as a result of evaluating PBC algorithm of Conventional plan and the difference according to AAA, the average difference of CI value on target volume has been highly estimated by 0.295 on PBC algorithm and as a result of evaluating dose of lung, $V_{47Gy}$ and $V_{45Gy}$ has been highly evaluated by 5.83% and 4.04% each, Mean dose, $V_{20Gy}$, $V_{5Gy}$, $V_{3Gy}$ has been highly evaluated 0.6%, 0.29%, 6.35%, 10.23% each on AAA. Secondly, in case of FiF plan, the average difference of CI value on target volume has been highly evaluated on PBC algorithm by 0.165, and dose on ipsilateral lung, $V_{47Gy}$, $V_{45Gy}$, Mean dose has been highly evaluated 6.17%, 3.80%, 0.15% each on PBC algorithm, $V_{20Gy}$, $V_{5Gy}$, $V_{3Gy}$ has been highly evaluated 0.14%, 4.07%, 4.35% each on AAA. Conclusion: When calculating with AAA on breast cancer tangential plan, compared to PBC algorithm, Conformity on target volume of Conventional plan, FiF plan has been less evaluated by 0.295, 0.165 each. For the reason that dose of high dose region of ipsilateral lung has been showed little amount, and dose of low dose region has been showed much amount, features according to dose calculation algorithm need to be considered when we evaluate dose for the lungs.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.397-407
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• 2015

Estimation of shield TBM tunnelling-induced volume loss is of great importance for ground settlement control. This study proposed a simple method for evaluation of volume loss during TBM tunnlling, which is able to take into account of shield machine configurations and main driving data in calculation. The method was applied to analyze the tunnelling cases with earth pressure balanced and slurry pressure balanced shiled TBM, and mostly, reasonable agreements with monitoring results were found. Additional discussions were made for some disagreements.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.619-624
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• 2005

This work is for examining a simplified equation based on the rational formula, which can easily decide storm-water detention volume in small urban catchments. The storm-water detention volume is determined by the inflow hydrograph flowing to detention basin and the outflow hydrograph discharged from the detention basin. The ratio of average outflow over the period of rainfall duration against allowable discharge was 0.5 in former simplified equation. But this research has found that the average outflow ratio depends on the storage methodology. In the case of the on-line storage method, the average outflow ratio is a function of the time of concentration of the catchments and rainfall duration, which ranged from 0.5~1.0. In the case of the off-line storage method, the average ratio is a function of peak discharge and allowable discharge except above time of concentration and rainfall duration, where its function value ranged from 1.0~2.0. When applying this equation to small catchment in Mokpo city, South Korea, we could easily calculate the relation curve between the storm-water detention volume and allowable discharge.