• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.57-65
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• 2009

Cultured Cupressus lusitanica cells induced by various stresses are thought to produce different complexes of defense chemicals to optimize defense. To compare the induced products of two stimulations, we investigated the emission of monoterpenes, biosynthesis of ${\beta}-thujaplicin$, and accumulation of lignin in mechanically stressed and fungal elicited cultured C. lusitanica cells. Both mechanical stress and fungal elicitor caused emission of qualitatively similar monoterpene blends indicating de novo biosynthesis of these compounds after stimulation, while mechanical stress alone is sufficient to induce fungal elicitor-related monoterpene emission. Sabinene and limonene were the dominant compounds over the time course in both volatile blends. Although the emitted volatile blends were qualitatively similar, the time course and the relative ratios of the constituents of the volatile blends differed with the type of stimulation. While fungal elicited cells produced significant amounts of ${\beta}-thujaplicin$ over the 5-day time course, no ${\beta}-thujaplicin$ was observed in the mechanically stressed cells. The production of ${\beta}-thujaplicin$ was the main dissimilarity of the induced products of these two treatments, suggesting that synthesis of ${\beta}-thujaplicin$ is not a general response to all types of stresses, but is a specific response and serves as a strong toxic compound against already invaded fungus. Significantly higher amounts of lignin accumulations were observed in the fungal elicited and mechanically stressed cells on the 5th day after induction. Based on these results, we suggest the composition of induced products was dependent on the method of stimulation.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.98-101
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• 1991

한국산(韓國産) 시판녹차(市販綠茶)의 향기성분(香氣成分)을 제조공정별(製造工程別(찐차(茶), 볶은차(茶))과 차(茶) 잎을 딴 시기별(時期別)(1번차(番茶), 2번차(番茶))로 구분區分하여 분석(分析), 동정(同定)하였다. 그 결과(結果), 찐차(茶)와 볶은차(茶)에서 terpene alcohol류(類) 8종(種), 그 외의 alcoholel류(類) 9종(種), aldehyde류(類) 5종(種), ketone류(類) 8종(種), ester류(類) 4종(種) 및 기타 7종(種)을 포함(包含)하는 총(總)41종류(種類)의 향기성분(香氣成分)을 확인(確認)하였다. 찐차(茶)는 볶은차(茶)에 비(比)하여 nerolidol, indole등의 함량(含量)이 많았고, 볶은차(茶)에서는 linalool, geraniol, benzylalcohol, phenol 등(等)이 함량(含量)이 많았다. 차(茶) 잎을 딴 시기별(時期別)로보면 6월(月)에 딴 찐 2번차(番茶)의 경우 4월(月)에 딴 찐 1번차(番茶)에 비(比)하여 1-penten-3-ol, cis-2-penten-1-ol과 cis, trans-2,4-heptadienal과 trans, trans-2,4-heptadienal의 현저(顯著)한 증가(增加)가 보였다. 볶은차(茶)의 경우에서도 대체로 같은 경향(傾向)을 나타내었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제46권7호
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• pp.822-832
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• 2017

돼지감자의 품종별 유기산, 유리당 함량 및 휘발성 향기성분을 측정한 결과는 다음과 같다. 돼지감자에 함유된 유기산은 citric acid, malic acid, succinic acid였으며, malic acid의 함량이 가장 높았고 다음으로 citric acid로 나타났다. 총유기산 함량은 흰색이 2,065 mg/100 g, 자색은 2,482 mg/100 g으로 자색 돼지감자의 함량이 유의적으로(P<0.05) 높았다. 유리당은 sucrose, fructose, glucose로 나타났으며, sucrose의 함량이 가장 높았고 총유리당 함량은 흰색이 24.95 g/100 g, 자색이 11.57 g/100 g으로 나타나 흰색 돼지감자의 총유리당 함량이 유의적으로(P<0.05) 높게 나타났다. 휘발성 향기성분에서 돼지감자는 품종별, 처리방법과는 관계없이 acid류 5종, alcohol류 13종, aldehyde류 19종, hydrocarbon류 12종, ketone류 15종, 기타 8종, pyrazine류는 27종, terpene류는 18종이었으며, 총 117개의 휘발성 성분이 확인되었다. 돼지감자에는 terpene류가 가장 많았으며, terpene류 중에서는 ${\beta}$-bisabolene이 주된 성분이었다. 두 번째로 많은 화합물은 aldehyde류였으며, hexanal이 가장 높게 나타났다. 처리방법에 따른 차이로 볶은 시료에서는 pyrazine류가 대부분을 차지하였으며, 2,5-dimethyl-3-ethylpyrazine이 가장 높았고 다음으로 2,5-dimethylpyrazine으로 나타났다. 자색시료보다 흰색시료에 함량이 높은 화합물은 aldehyde류, hydrocarbone류였으며, 흰색시료보다 자색시료에 많은 화합물은 terpene류와 alcohol류로 나타났다.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.169-176
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• 2013

The present study was designed to examine the concentrations, emission rates, and source characteristics of a variety of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in 30 newly-constructed apartment buildings by measuring indoor and outdoor VOC concentrations over a 2-year period. For comparison, seven villa-type houses were also surveyed for indoor and outdoor VOC concentrations over a 3-month period. Indoor and outdoor air samples were collected on Tenax-TA adsorbent and analyzed using a gas chromatograph (GC)/mass spectrometer system or a GC/flame ionization detector system coupled to a thermal desorption system. The long-term change in indoor VOC concentrations depended on the type of VOCs. Generally, aromatic (except for naphthalene), aliphatic, and terpene compounds exhibited a gradual deceasing trend over the 2-year follow-up period. However, the indoor concentrations of the six halogenated VOCs did not significantly vary with time changes. Similar to these halogenated VOCs, the indoor naphthalene concentrations did not vary significantly with time changes over the 2-year period. Unlike the halogenated VOCs, the indoor naphthalene concentrations were much higher than the outdoor concentrations. The indoor concentrations of aliphatic and aromatic compounds were higher for the villa-type houses when compared to those of apartment buildings. In addition, four source groups (floor coverings and interior painting, household products, wood paneling and furniture, moth repellents) and three source groups (floor coverings and interior painting, household products, and moth repellents) were considered as potential VOC sources inside apartment buildings for the first- and second-year post-occupancy stages, respectively.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.371-381
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• 2010

The pine needles can be used for four seasons in normal living and it can be taken friendly everywhere as it is distributed over 50% in Korea. The pine needles consist of vitamins, protein, minerals, essential oil and enzyme related to antimicrobial activity. It has effect like high blood pressure, neuralgia and hanged over by terpene, glucokinin, rutin, apigenic acid and tannin. Also the extract of them can be used for dyeing of fabrics. However, the extract components and effects of them are not well known yet. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the volatile components of the pine needles extract and functionality. The pine needles extract was dyed into various fabrics(nylon, silk, wool and soybean) and mordanted with Al, Cu, Cr, Fe and Sn. The extracted aroma compounds were compared by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The major volatile compounds of pine needles verified by using SPME were alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, beta-phellandrene, caryophyllene, ethanon, benzen. A total of 15 compounds were identified by using the SPME fibers. In the UV-visible spectra, the maximum absorption of wavelength of the pine needles ethanol extract appeared at 460, 630nm for chlorophyll component and at 237, 281nm for tannin component with the pine needles distilled water extract. Most of sample showed high antibacterial effect in none mordant but wool fabric showed high antibacterial effect in mordants. The result of UV block test showed a superior ability of blocking ultraviolet ray infiltration in all sample.

• Mycobiology
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.58-69
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• 2020

Meghalaya, (in India), in the region of the mega-biodiversity hotspots, is home to a plethora of wild mushrooms. The present study concerns the exploration of the order Agaricales, which includes rare gilled mushrooms considered endangered under IUCN A4c criteria, due to the declining habitat. Electron microscopy of the gill sections revealed an abundance of clamp connections, hyphal cell walls, cystidia, and basidia. This rare species which belongs to the family Cyphellaceae, exhibits morphological and molecular differences from the Cyphella spp. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that it formed a clade under the genus Campanophyllum of the order Agaricales, confirmed by both Neighbor Joining (NJ) and Bayesian phylogenetic analysis. Being nutritionally potent along with its efficient antioxidant value, the fungal extract shows significant rise of two-fold in the antimicrobial activity along with the commercial antibiotics. The compound, Phenol, 2, 4-bis (1, 1-Dimethylethyl) (2, 4-DTBP) showed in ample range in the fungal extract along with aliphatic hydrocarbons, terpene, alcohol and volatile organic compounds on further characterization in GCMS. The present study indicates the endangered Campanophyllum proboscideum could be a rich source of natural antioxidants and an effective pharmaceutical agent.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.287-294
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• 2013

This study was investigated the chemical composition from Syneilesis palmata essential oil and the tendency of variation of the sesquiterpene compounds according to the harvesting time. The essential oils obtained by hydro distillation from the aerial parts of Syneilesis palmata were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. Ninety-eight compounds consisting of 9 aliphatic hydrocarbons, 17 sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, 11 aliphatic aldehydes, 1 terpene aldehyde, 8 aliphatic alcohols, 4 monoterpene alcohols, 16 sesquiterpene alcohols, 3 diterpene alcohols, 6 ketones, 11 esters, 8 oxides and epoxides, 3 acids and 1 miscellaneous one were identified from the oil. Spathulenol (22.33%) was the most abundant compound, followed by ${\beta}$- caryophyllene (6.23%), germacrene D (5.57%), longipinane (4.10%), and epiglobulol (3.65%). The volatile composition of Syneilesis palmata was characterized by higher contents of sesquiterpene compounds, especially sesquiterpene alcohols. The total content of 13 sesquiterpene compounds was decreased significantly from 2010 to 2012. ${\alpha}$-Caryophyllene, ${\beta}$-bisabolene, elemol, germacrene D, ${\beta}$-zingiberene, longipinane, and ${\beta}$-caryophyllene alcohol contents decreased, while ${\beta}$-bisabolol content increased during 3 years. The ecological responses to recent climate change may be influenced in the chemical components of natural plant terpenoids.

• 센서학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.95-99
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• 2023

Forest healing is an activity that enhances immunity and human health using various elements of nature, such as fragrance and scenery. Particularly, phytoncide composed of terpene, a natural volatile substance emitted by forest plants, activates the immune function and is an important raw material in health-related products, such as antibacterial and insect repellents. Moreover, phytoncide is used as a measure to evaluate the impact of the forest atmosphere on the human body. This study aims to implement a highly sensitive gas sensor system that can measure phytoncide in real-time, which is an essential element for realizing a forest healing environment. A gas generation apparatus was implemented by using an adsorption tube in consideration of filed applicability in a laboratory atmosphere to enable the measurement of α-pinene and limonene, which are among the main components of phytoncide. Throughout the experimental trials, the sensitivity of gas sensor arrays to α-pinene and limonene was confirmed. In addition, the classification results demonstrated the AVOCs and NVOCs can be well discriminated using PCA. The primary results confirmed the possibility of developing a high-sensitivity gas sensor system for phytoncide sensing in real time.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.371-380
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• 2023

본 연구는 오미자첨가 양파발효 음료의 휘발성 향기 성분을 분석하여 양파발효 음료 개발의 산업화를 위한 자료를 제시하고자 하였다. 오미자첨가 양파발효 음료의 휘발성 향기성분 분석 결과 테르펜 유도체 화합물류 4종, 에스테르류 9종, 방향족 화합물류 5종, 알코올류 6종, 케톤류 7종, 알데하이드류 3종, 산류 11종, 함황화합물류 1종, 퓨란류 8종, 기타 1종 등 총 55종의 화합물이 동정 되었다. 전체적인 향기 성분의 함량은 산류가 37.8%, 퓨란류 29.0%로 높은 함량으로 나타났다. 산류 화합물에서는 양파의 초산발효를 통해 획득된 acetic acid 및 octanoic acid의 함량이 높게 나타났다. 퓨란류에서는 사과 농축액과 황설탕에서 기인된 woody향의 furfural 및 캐러맬 향의 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural이 높게 나타났다. 또한 발효음료의 양파향에 영향을 줄 것으로 판단되는 2,5-dimethyl thiophene 함황화합물이 검출되었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.919-923
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• 2004

동결김치분말을 첨가한 김치스낵을 만들기 위하여 김치의 적숙에 영향을 미치는 pH와 산도 변화를 5일 간격으로 측정한 결과 담근지 2주일 전후의 pH 4.0-4.7, 산도 0.5%-0.8% 사이에서 김치의 일반적인 적숙기로 판단되었으며, 그 후 김치를 동결건조 하여 김치스낵의 원료로 사용하였다. 김치스낵 반죽은 밀가루를 기준으로 control군과 각각 2, 4, 6, 8%의 동결김치분말을 첨가하여 성형한 만든 다음 $170^{\circ}C$ 정도의 온도에 2분간 튀겨 스낵을 완성하여 각각의 제품에 대한 관능적 특성을 살펴본 결과 김치스낵의 color, kimchi tasty, nutty, overall 등을 고려하여 동결김치분말 4%첨가가 가장 적당한 것으로 판단되었다. Automatic thermal desorber 장치를 이용해 휘발성 성분을 포집하여 분석한 결과 26종의 성분이 분리 동정되었으며, 분리 동정된 화합물들 중에서 aldehyde류 13종, ketone류 1종, 함황화합물 3종, acid류 1종, terpene류 1종 기타화합물 7종류를 동정하였다. 동결김치분말을 첨가한 김치스낵은 4개 시료 모두 휘발성 향기성분의 종류에서의 차이는 크게 나타나지 않았으며 이를 더욱 자세히 살펴보기 위해, 김치분말 농도의 변화와 휘발성 성분의 상관관계를 피어슨 상관관계를 이용하여 살펴보았다. 피어슨 상관관계가 0.90 이상의 값을 보이는 휘발성 성분은 acetaldehyde, propanal, dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, acetic acid, d-limonene 이었다. 피어슨 상관관계가 0.90 이상으로 높게 나타난 화합물을 특정한 분자량으로 정량분석에 쓰이는 방법인 SIM 방법으로 분석한 결과 각각의 휘발성 성분에 대한 피어슨 상관계수는 모두 0.97 이상으로 나타나서 높은 관계성을 보여주었으며 본 실험을 통하여 김치 스낵에 있어서의 냄새의 차이를 보이는 지표 성분으로 판단되어진다.