• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.89-95
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• 2005

This study aims to analyze interior spatial characteristics of Korean single-family house which were designed by architects. For that purpose, plans, pictures and data of Korean single-family 113 houses which appeared in architectural publications from 1998.7 to 2002.6. were collected. The results of this study are the followings; 1) the ratio of southern-facing is higher in living room and master bedroom than in dining room and kitchen; 2) spatial elements of master bedroom are bedroom, bathroom and dressroom, those of dining room and kitchen are dining room, kitchen and multipurpose room and those of family bathroom are bathroom and restroom; 3) the living room does not located in the center of the plan; 4) the ratio of exterior door is higher in kitchen and master bedroom than in dinning room and living room; 5) stairs located in hall, corridor, livingroom etc., 6) there are void spaces in about half of houses which were collected.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 1995년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.201-210
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• 1995

In Resent years, urban tunnels have been more deeply constructed due to the congestion of buried steuctures. In such conditions, the shield method has become one of the popular urban tunnelling method by reason of several characteristics ; safety of construction, mimium environmental damage, and workbility. In tunnelling, the space which is tail-void are created between the ground and the other face of the primary lining. in other to reduce the ground seformation, it is important backfilling in tail-void. In this paper, the result of an experimental investigation undertaken to evaluate the physical and mechanical propeties of grouts composed of various mixtures of backfill materials. And the backfill injection model test was carried out considering the effects of tail-void.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.225-236
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 지하 저류조 설치에 따른 주변지반의 지반공학적인 특성(간극비, 전단강도)을 전단파 속도를 이용하여 예측하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 이를 위해 응력 단계별로 전단파 속도와 밀도 상관관계를 실험을 통해 도출하고 밀도와 전단강도 상관관계를 직접전단실험을 통해 획득하였다. 도출된 응력 단계별 전단파 속도와 밀도 상관관계 및 밀도와 전단강도 상관관계를 바탕으로 현장 전단파 속도를 이용하여 대상 지반의 깊이별 전단 강도를 산정하는 방법을 제시하였으며 제시된 기법을 이용하여 지하 저류조 구조물 적용에 따른 시공후 지반거동을 평가하였다. 제시된 방법으로 도출된 전단강도는 현장실험 결과와 유사한 값을 보이며 지반특성 분석에 적용 가능성을 확인하였다.

• 한국원자력학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국원자력학회 2004년도 요약집 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.108-108
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• 2004

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2000년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.647-654
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• 2000

During consolidation, the permeability of clay decreases with void ratio because of the reduction in total void space. After Kozeny(1927) and Carman(1956), many researchers have proposed the relations between void ratio and permeability. Most of the relations are expressed in the following forms as : (1) log e - log k(1+e), (2) e - log k, or (3) log e - log k. These relations have been found valid for a large number of normally consolidated clays. From laboratory test(CRS and I $L_{CON}$) results, the relation between void ratio and permeability of Kimhae clay was well defined in all of the three forms. Permeability change index, $C_{k}$, of Kimhae clay was in the range of 0.64~1,03 and average value of $C_{k}$ was 0.821. And the test results satisfied the experimental correlation between $C_{k}$ and e, $C_{k}$=0.5e. In log e - log k(1+e) relation, constant C was in the range of 1.91~4.74$\times$10$^{-8}$ cm/sec and n was in the range of 3.74~4.60.c and n was in the range of 3.74~4.60.74~4.60.0.

• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.63-71
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to find the complementary idea of the psychological elements in aesthetic expression of architectural space in the sense of healing. Marks $L\ddot{u}scher$, the swiss psychologist suggested reasonable categories of emotional character according to the couple combinations among Content, Self-Esteem, Confidence, and Liberty. His theory on healing is not only the concept but the practical method to understand and control the conflict between contrary elements of emotion. Compared to the Freud's objective theory of cause and consequence, his idea is focused on the subjective and autonomous harmony. This theory based on complementary idea is applied to psychological attitude of architects on Spatial Expression in this study. Refuge, Prospect, Flow and Void are assumed as equivalent spatial elements to the four major emotional conditions suggested by $M.L\ddot{u}scher$. The couple combinations among them also characterize the architectural characters definitely and it is expected to be the reasonable criteria in analysing aesthetic value and motive of creating human space.

• Composites Research
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.395-402
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• 2019

RFI 공정은 진공백 내부에 섬유 매트와 수지 필름을 적층하여 성형하는 OoA 공정이다. 외부에서 따로 주입되는 수지가 없기 때문에 수지 필름의 양이 섬유가 필요로 하는 양보다 적은 경우 복합재 내부에 기공 결함이 발생하며 기계적 물성이 저하된다. 이러한 이유로 제작한 복합재를 실용화하기 위해서 비파괴검사를 이용한 기공예측이 필수적으로 요구된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 RFI 공정에서 비파괴검사 시 기준으로 사용할 수 있는 표준 기공률 시편을 제조하는 방법을 제시하였다. 표준 기공률 시편 제작 방법으로 수지 필름 두께를 조절하는 방법을 사용하였으며, 목표 기공률별 수지 필름 두께를 설정하기 위한 방법으로 섬유 압착 실험을 제시하였다. 수지 필름 두께 조절을 통하여 0%, 2%, 4%의 목표 기공률 패널을 제작했고 비파괴시험과 기공률 측정을 통하여 기공률에 따른 비파괴검사 신호 감쇠를 측정했다. 또한 인장, 면내전단, 숏빔, 압축 시편의 신호 감쇠를 통하여 기공률을 추정하였고, 기공률에 따른 기계적 물성을 평가하였다.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2020

This study is intended to derive the adaptive reuse techniques through the history and aspects of new construction, extension, repair, and other works, limited to the deep and narrow lots facing Seongan-gil and Nammun-gil in Nammun-ro 2 ga of Cheongju, the historic urban area. The results are as follows. 1) In the case of newly built reinforced concrete buildings, the central part of the top floor of the residence or all floors are opened to the open space(void) to facilitate lighting and ventilation. This is developed as a convection phenomenon due to the temperature difference from the slits between buildings, which affects the entire air flow of the block. 2) The buildings of extension and repair are composed of two-story masonry or steel frame, both the front store facing the road and the house on the back, but it looks like one because it is in contact with each other. If only a small gap between the front and rear buildings is restored to an external space or a space equipped with sun light, a small breath can be provided in lighting and ventilation. 3) The existing two-story wooden stores and houses have lost their external space due to repairs. With minimal intervention to restore the small courtyard, slits, and space under the eaves, it will not only improve lighting and ventilation, but also create a unique appearance as a segment of the elongated store.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.375-392
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• 2018

쉴드 TBM 공법은 터널의 변형을 최소화할 수 있는 공법으로 도심지 얕은 터널 공사에 적합한 공법이다. 하지만 이러한 쉴드 TBM 공법의 장점에도 불구하고 침하가 발생하며, 토피가 낮은 지반에서 쉴드 TBM 굴진 중 침하에 대한 대책은 여전히 주요 쟁점사항 중 하나로 남아있다. 쉴드 TBM 공법에서 테일 보이드는 불가피하게 발생하는 공간으로 테일 보이드의 변형은 침하의 주요 원인이 된다. 이러한 테일 보이드의 변형은 뒤채움 그라우팅을 통해 제어되며, 이를 통해 침하를 억제하거나 회복시킬 수 있다고 여겨지고 있다. 하지만 실제 뒤채움 그라우팅을 통한 침하 회복은 기대하기 어려우며 특히 사질토에서 두드러진다. 이는 뒤채움 그라우팅과 사질토 지반 사이의 상호작용에 기인한 것으로 유추할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 3차원 수치해석을 통해 사질토 지반에서 뒤채움 그라우팅이 지반거동에 미치는 영향을 파악하고자 하였다. 해석결과, 뒤채움 그라우팅은 침하증가율을 감소시켜 쉴드 TBM 굴진으로 인하 침하를 감소시키나, 그라우팅 이전에 발생한 침하를 회복시키지는 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 뒤채움 그라우팅으로 인해 감소된 체적손실의 지표침하 감소 효과를 지반 내 체적변형이 상쇄하기 때문인 것으로 나타났다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.613-624
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• 2013

Multi-dimensional two-phase phenomena occur in many industrial applications, particularly in a nuclear reactor during steady operation or a transient period. Appropriate modeling of complicated behavior induced by a multi-dimensional flow is important for the reactor safety analysis results. SPACE, a safety analysis code for thermal hydraulic systems which is currently being developed, was designed to have the capacity of multi-dimensional two-phase thermo-dynamic phenomena induced in the various phases of a nuclear system. To validate the performance of SPACE, a two-dimensional two-phase flow test was performed with slab geometry of the test section having a scale of $1.43m{\times}1.43m{\times}0.11m$. The test section has three inlet and three outlet nozzles on the bottom and top gap walls, respectively, and two outlet nozzles installed directly on the surface of the slab. Various kinds of two-dimensional air/water flows were simulated by selecting combinations of the inlet and outlet nozzles. In this study, two-dimensional two-phase void fraction profiles were quantified by measuring the local gap impedance at 225 points. The flow conditions cover various flow regimes by controlling the flow rate at the inlet boundary. For each selected inlet and outlet nozzle combination, the water flow rate ranged from 2 to 20 kg/s, and the air flow rate ranged from 2.0 to 20 g/s, which corresponds to 0.4 to 4 m/s and 0.2 to 2.3 m/s of the superficial liquid and gas velocities based on the inlet port area, respectively.