• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.455-464
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• 2009

영어 마찰음을 발음하기 어려운 점은 잘 알려졌는데, 한국 대학생들이 마찰음을 포함하는 영어 순자음을 인지하는데도 마찬가지로 어려움을 느끼는지 알아보기 위하여 40명의 한국 대학생들을 대상으로 영어 순자음이 들어간 임시어를 4가지 다른 운율적 위치(초성, 종성, 강세 앞 모음사이, 강세 뒤 모음사이)에서 인지하는 테스트를 실행하였다. 실험 참가자들은 초성이나 강세 앞 모음사이처럼 강한 위치의 자음을 종성이나 강세 뒤 모음사이의 약한 위치보다 더 정확하게 판별하는 인지패턴을 보여주었다. 한국 학생들의 인지의 어려움은 모든 운율 위치에서 영어 목표자음의 조음방법 혼동 때문에 대부분 발생하였다. 그밖에, 조음장소와 유무성의 혼동도 일어났는데, 조음장소의 혼동은 모든 운율 위치에서 주로 [f]의 음향적 속성 때문에 일어났으며 유무성의 혼동은 운율 위치의 영향 때문에 발생하였다. 이러한 조음방법, 조음장소, 유무성의 혼동은 목표자음의 음성적 속성 그리고/또는 피실험자의 모국어 속성으로 설명되었다.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.93-99
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• 2015

In case of PAS test, the air is sometimes leaked although the mask is tightly attached to the face, which is not reliable on the measured values. Therefore, this study aimed to assist the clinical practice suggesting the test method of PAS without air leakage. In the healthy subjects with 12 males and 12 females over 19 years old, three types of tests were performed on the voicing efficiency among the protocol of PAS Model 6600. They are; first, to attach the mask tightly to the face holding the handle of PAS with the subject's two hands (Method 1); second, to attach the mask tightly to the face holding the handle of PAS with the subject's one hand and pushing the body of PAS strongly with the other hand (Method 2); and third, to attach the mask tightly to the face pushing the upper part of the mask by the tester when the subject attached the mask to his or her face holding the handle of PAS with two hands (Method 3). Upon the study analyses, the mean negative pressure, the mean phonogram, subglottic air pressure, and voicing efficiency were shown to be statistically significantly different during PAS test in males depending on the methods. (p<.05) In case of females, only the target airflow rate showed significant difference depending on the methods during PAS test. (p<.001) In conclusion, Method 2 enhanced the noise level and strength while Method 1 was likely to leak the air more compared to the other two methods in males. In case of females, Method 1 showed significant leakage of the air flow. Not to allow the air flow leakage without affecting the outcome of PAS test, it will be the most useful for the tester to push the mask to the subject's face tightly (Method 3).

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2016

This study aims to examine whether the fundamental frequency (F0) varies depending on languages or distinguishes between L1 (first language) and L2 (second language) speech and whether the type of materials which vary in control of consonant voicing affects the use of F0-especially, mean F0. For this purpose, we compared productions of two languages produced by Korean L2 learners of English to those of Korean-English bilingual speakers. Twelve Korean L2 speakers of English and twelve Korean-English bilingual speakers participated in this study. The subjects read aloud 22 declarative sentences-balanced and unbalanced-once in English and once in Korean. Mean F0 of Korean was higher than that of English for both speaker groups, and the difference in the value of mean F0 between the Korean and English sentences was different depending on the type of materials that the participants read. With regard to F0 range, the L2 speakers had a larger F0 range in English than in Korean; however, the effect of language on F0 range was not statistically significant for the bilingual speakers. These results indicate that language-specific properties may affect the use of F0, in particular, mean F0.

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 2007년도 한국음성과학회 공동학술대회 발표논문집
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• pp.240-242
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• 2007

The goal of this paper is to investigate effects of three prosodic factors, such as phrasal accent (accented vs. unaccented), prosodic boundary (IP-initial vs. IP-medial) and coda voicing (e.g., bed vs. bet), on acoustic realization of English vowels (/i, $_I/$, $/{\varepsilon}$, ${\ae}/$) as produced by native (Canadian) and nonnative (Korean) speakers. The speech corpus included 16 minimal pairs (e.g., bet-bat, bet-bed) embedded in a sentence. Results show that phonological contrast between vowels are maximized when they were accented, though the contrast maximization pattern was not the same between the English and Korean speakers. However, domain-initial position do not affect the phonetic manifestation of vowels. Results also show that phonological contrast due to coda voicing is maximized only when the vowels are accented. These results propose that the phonetic realization of vowels is affected by phrasal accent only, and not by the location within prosodic position.

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 2007년도 한국음성과학회 공동학술대회 발표논문집
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• pp.307-310
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• 2007

In this paper, a packet loss concealment (PLC) algorithm for CELP-type speech coders is proposed to improve the quality of decoded speech under a burst packet loss condition. The proposed algorithm is based on the recovery of voiced excitation using an estimate of the voicing probability and the generation of random excitation by permutating the previously decoded excitation. The voicing probability is estimated from the correlation using the previous correctly decoded excitation and pitch. The proposed algorithm is implemented as a PLC algorithm for G.729 and its performance is compared with PLC employed in G.729 by means of perceptual evaluation of speech quality (PESQ) and an A-B preference test under the random and burst packet losses with rates of 3% and 5%. It is shown that the proposed algorithm provides better speech quality than the PLC of G.729, especially under burst pack losses.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.95-104
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• 2012

Thyroidectomy patients may have vocal paralysis or paresis, resulting in a breathy voice. The aim of this study was to investigate the aerodynamic and acoustic characteristics of a breathy voice in thyroidectomy patients. Thirty-five subjects who have vocal paralysis after thyroidectomy participated in this study. According to perceptual judgements by three speech pathologists and one phonetic scholar, subjects were divided into two groups: breathy voice group (n = 21) and non-breathy voice group (n = 14). Aerodynamic analysis was conducted by three tasks (Voicing Efficiency, Maximum Sustained Phonation, Vital Capacity) and acoustic analysis was measured during Maximum Sustained Phonation task. The breathy voice group had significantly higher subglottal pressure and more pathological voice characteristics than the non breathy voice group. Showing 94.1% classification accuracy in result logistic regression of aerodynamic analysis, the predictor parameters for breathiness were maximum sound pressure level, sound pressure level range, phonation time of Maximum Sustained Phonation task and Pitch range, peak air pressure, and mean peak air pressure of Voicing Efficiency task. Classification accuracy of acoustic logistic regression was 88.6%, and five frequency perturbation parameters were shown as predictors. Vocal paralysis creates air turbulence at the glottis. It fluctuates frequency-related parameters and increases aspiration in high frequency areas. These changes determine perceptual breathiness.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.117-121
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• 2010

The This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the voice therapy we operated to the patients with age-related dysphonia. Thirty four participants who were diagnosed as age-related dysphonia in laryngoscopic finding from January, 2009 to December, 2009 completed the study. The participants were aged from 60 to 82 years old with a mean age of 70.6. All participants had received the abdominal breath technique, SKHPIP with laughter, and basic vocal training with description of their problem, the length of which ranged from four sessions to twelve sessions. We executed the videostroboscopy to compare the aspect of voicing change and the perceptual assessment, voice range profile, acoustic and aerodynamic measures to identify change of voice. Participants had glottal gap due to incomplete glottic closure during voicing on the pretest. After they took the voice therapy, the glottic gap became narrow and rough and breathy voice was reduced. There were significant difference in acoustic and aerodynamic measures. Jitter, Shimmer, MFR were reduced and MPT, Psub were increased(p<.05). Participants' pitch range and intensity range were increased on the posttest performance after taking voice therapy. Especially, most of them were showed that pitch range was increased significantly in high frequency area. The results of this investigation indicate that the voice therapy using abdominal breath, SKHPIP, and exercise together is effective for the patients who have age-related dysphonia to improve their voice quality. We recommend to apply this technique to functional voice disorders who are showed glottal gap.

• 한국음향학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국음향학회 1998년도 학술발표대회 논문집 제17권 1호
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• pp.399-402
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• 1998

영어에서 자음의 유.무성 대립이 선행모음에 미치는 영향은 다른 여느 언어에서보다 두드러지게 커서 언어 보편적이기보다는 영어 특유의 음운현상으로 보는 견해가 주류를 이루고 있다. 본 연구에서는 영어를 학습하고 있는 한국어 화자들이 영어특유의 이 현상을 어떻게 인지하여 실현하고 있는지를 발성실험을 통하여 알아보고 더 나아가 모음길이가 후행자음의 유.무성 인지에 어떤 실마리로 작용하는지 인지실험을 통하여 알아보았다.

• 한국음향학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국음향학회 1998년도 학술발표대회 논문집 제17권 2호
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• pp.89-92
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• 1998

영어의 선행모음의 길이 특성이 어말 자음의 유.무성 인지에 어떤 영향을 미치는지에 관한 선행 연구의 후행연구로서 후행하는 폐쇄음의 자음적 특성은 어떠한 실마리로 적용하는지 한국어 화자들을 대상으로 한 인지실험을 통해 알아보았다. 실험결과, 한국어 모국어 화자들에게 어말 폐쇄음의 자음적 특성은 자음의 유.무성 인지에 중요한 실마리로 작용하지 못하고 있다는 사실을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국산학기술학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국산학기술학회 2012년도 춘계학술논문집 1부
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• pp.205-208
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• 2012

2차 세계대전 이후 현대음악은 기존의 12음 기법을 유지하면서 이전과는 다른 음소재(音素材)나 작법(作法)이 출현하게 되었다. 이중 온음 이내의 좁은 음정간격에서 다수의 음이 나는 톤 클러스터(Tone Cluster)는 현대음악에서 작곡기법으로 사용되고 있다. 이러한 클러스터 보이싱은 재즈음악과 대중음악에서도 종종 사용되고 있으며 본 연구를 통해 다양한 클러스터 보이싱을 만들어 보고 적용시켜 보았다.