• Animal cells and systems
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.221-225
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• 2002

This study was conducted to find out how young black-tailed gulls (Larus crassirostris) recognize adult voice signals after hatching. For the experiment, adult voice recorded in the natural environment was played back at controlled intervals and intensity (dB) to 15 young gulls that were artificially hatched in the laboratory. The chirirah call frequency of young gulls increased as the intensity of the mew call increased. The chirirah response of the control group was highest to the mew call at intervals of 1.8s. The adult long ca11 and alarm call also showed similar results to the mew call when the interval and intensity were manipulated similar to the mew call. Based on the results of this experiment, it is assumed that the young black-tailed gulls recognize adult voice signals based on the simple structure of adult voice signals, that is, the interval and intensity of the voice.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.143-150
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• 2011

Background and Objectives : Clinically, as a tool for voice assessment before and after the operation or the voice treatment, acoustic analysis is widely used. However, in clinical situations, acoustic parameters vary according to how the assessment is made. Thus, with voice disease patients as subjects, we are to investigate what influence intensity increase exerts on acoustic parameters and how to reduce variation according to the way of assessing. Material and Method : At the voice clinic of the department of otorhinolaryngology in Gangnam Severance Hospital, with 30 female voice-disease patients (40.6 years old on the average) and 23 male voice-disease patients (40.1 years old on the average) as subjects, using the Dr Speech vocal-assessment program, we statistically tested the significance of the difference in each of acoustic parameters between when the "Ah" vowel is produced with a normal voice and when the "Ah" vowel is produced with a loud voice. Results : Acoustic parameters that showed a statistically significant difference according to intensity increase were Jitter, SD F0, and NNE for females, and Jitter, SD F0, HNR, SNR, and NNE for males. Voice quality estimates showed a statistically significant difference according to intensity increase in female hoarse voice, female breathy voice, and male breathy voice. Conclusion : In this research, acoustic analysis, which is generally used for voice assessment before and after the operation or the voice treatment, showed a tendency that acoustic parameters became better under the influence of intensity increase except for the cases where a voice disease was severe. Thus, to raise the reliability of voice assessment, the range of intensity needs to be set up. This should be the topic for the future research.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.431-437
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• 2013

건강한 삶의 질이 향상되고 있으나 만성 질환으로 인한 고통은 날로 증가하고 있다. 만성 질환의 주요 요인은 스트레스, 혈압, 비만 등이 있으며 고혈압으로 인한 만성 질환 발병율은 매우 높은 편이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 혈압 상승에 따른 음성을 분석하여 혈압 상승이 지속적으로 발생되는 현상을 조기에 진단하여 예방하기 위한 방법을 제안하고자 한다. 이를 위해 유산소 운동으로 혈압을 상승시킨 후 음성을 수집하고 음성 분석 기술 중 성대 진동을 측정하는 Pitch와 음성 에너지의 크기를 측정하는 Intensity를 적용하여 혈압 상승에 의해 음성에 미치는 영향을 분석, 연구하였다.

• 정보처리학회논문지B
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• 제16B권6호
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• pp.471-478
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• 2009

현대인의 6대 난치병으로 분류되고 있는 폐질환은 대부분 흡연과 대기 오염으로 발병한다. 이와 같은 이유로 폐기능이 손상되어 폐포내에서 이산화탄소와 산소의 교환이 정상적으로 이루어지지 않아 생명 연장의 위험 질환으로 관심이 증대되고 있다. 이를 위해 본 논문에서는 폐질환 에 대한 음성적 특징 추출을 목적으로 음성 분석 요소를 적용한 폐질환 진단 방법을 제안하였다. 우선 폐질환을 앓고 있는 환자들과 동일한 연령, 성별대의 정상인들로 피실험자 집단을 구성하고 이들의 음성을 수집하였다. 또한 수집된 음성을 통해 다양한 음성 분석 요소를 적용하여 분석을 수행하였으며 발화속도 및 강도 분석 요소 부분에서 폐질환자 집단과 정상인 집단간의 유의성이 있음을 알아 낼 수 있었다. 결론적으로 폐질환자 집단이 정상인 집단보다 발화속도가 느리며 강도가 크게 나타나는 결과를 도출해 내었으며 이를 통해 폐질환의 음성적 특징 추출 방법을 제시하였다.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.19-28
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to increase the current understanding of the acoustic characteristics of voices with advancing age. The relationship between age-related changes in body physiology and certain acoustic characteristics of voice was studied in a sample of 80 men representing four chronological age groupings (20-29, 50-59, 60-69, 70-79) who were all of good physical condition. Each subject was asked to phonate the vowel /a/, /i/, and /u/ for as long as possible at comfortable frequency and intensity level and read the sentence. A promising voice analysis program (Multi-Dimensional Voice $Program^{TM}$) was used to measure the fundamental frequency ($f_0$), jitter, shimmer, $f_0$ variation, peak-amplitude variation, smoothed pitch perturbation quotient, smoothed amplitude perturbation quotient, soft phonation index, $f_0$-tremor intensity index, amplitude tremor intensity index, and noise-to-harmonics ratio from the samples.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.69-75
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• 2000

Background and Objectives : The Voice Range Profile(VRP) is a two-dimensional graphic dysplay of an individual's amplitude range as a function of total fundamental frequency range. It is designed as a maximum performance test which can be used as a general indicator of voice problems in the non-professional voice and as a sensitive indicator of problems with the professional voice. The purpose of the study is to obtain a baseline VRT for the classical professional singers and compare it with the normal nonsinger's profile. We also compared the difference of VRP between the classical professional singers who have normal vocal fold and who have vocal folds lesions without dysphonia. Materials and Methods : The VRPs were elicited. from 42 trained classical singers(Soprano 26, Mesosoprano 5, Tenor 9, Bariton 2) and 20 untrained nonsingers(female 10, male 10) using Voice Range Profile Model 4326(Kay Elemetrics USA). The mean values for phonational range with highest and lowest pitch level and range of voice intensity with maximum and minimum intensity level were compared between classical singers and nonsingers. Results and Conclusions : The frequency range and dynamic range were significantly increased for the classical singers in comparison to the nonsingers. But there was no significant difference were found for the VRP between the parts in the classical singers. The classical singers who have vocal fold lesions showed slightly decreased VRP compared to those with healthy vocal folds.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.125-131
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• 2012

The patients with incomplete glottic closure have an important feature decreasing the maximum phonation time (MPT) because airflow rate or air leakage is greater than people without voice disorders. Also they can appear a problem in the intensity regulation. This study analyzed MPT difference based on the comfortable intensity and louder intensity and the correlation between MPT and respiration volume of unilateral vocal fold palsy (UVFP) and sulcus vocalis (SV) group. The twenty with UVFP, the 21 with SV, the 21 normal subjects measured MPT in /a/ vowel prolongation task with comfortable intensity and louder intensity and compared analysis by measuring FVC, $FEV_1$, $FEV_1/FVC$ to analyze the correlation between MPT and respiration volume. First, a comparison of MPT according to the intensity between groups is that MPT of the normal group was statistically significant long compared to the patient group in comfortable intensity, but MPT between groups was not statistically significant difference in the louder intensity. Second, an analysis of the correlation between MPT and respiration volume is that this was statistically significant correlation between MPT in comfortable intensity and MPT in louder intensity. But this did not show statistically significant correlation between intensity and respiration volume. This study can be supported the preceding study results deduced that shorting MPT of the patient group compared to the normal group was originated in the problem of laryngeal valving mechanism at the level of vocal folds rather than a problem of respiratory function. Also at the phonation by varying the intensity, the result can deduce that in the case of patient group, the length of MPT had been improved by increasing the glottal closure ratio in the louder intensity. These results can support the theoretical basis that should be applied to the clinicians by varying the intensity at the voice evaluation and voice therapy for the patients with the glottis incompetence.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제35권7B호
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• pp.1066-1072
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• 2010

신장 질환은 초고령화 사회로 접어들고 있는 현대 사회에서 발병율이 매우 높은 질환이다. 이러한 신장 질환을 초기에 발견하면 약물이나 식이요법으로 막을 수 있지만 악화될 경우 인공투석이나 신장이식을 받아야 한다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 혈액투석에 따른 성대 및 강도의 변화율을 측정, 분석하여 신장과 음성과의 상관성을 분석하였다. 이를 위해 혈액투석 치료를 받는 피실험자를 대상으로 혈액투석 전과 후의 음성을 수집하고 음성 분석학적 요소의 적용을 통해 비교, 분석하였다. 즉, 신장에 이상이 있을 때 목소리가 가라앉는다는 동양의학적 진단 이론에 기반하여 혈액투석 치료 전의 음성과 치료 후의 음성을 각각 수집하고 수집된 음성 자료에 성대의 떨림과 강도 분석을 적용하여 혈액투석 치료 전과 후의 음성 변화를 측정, 분석하였다.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.147-154
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• 2018

Wet voice quality (WVQ) is a characteristic that appears after swallowing. Although the concept is accepted by many clinicians worldwide, it is nevertheless ambiguous. In this study, we investigated WVQ in patients with swallowing disorders using acoustic analysis. A total of 106 patients diagnosed with penetration-aspiration by the videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) were recruited. A voice recording of vowel /a/ was conducted before and after the VFSS, and an acoustic analysis was then performed using PRAAT. Voice after VFSS was used for a perceptual judgment and divided into two groups: the Wet group (48 patients) and the Non-wet group (58 patients). At the post-VFSS stage, the two groups displayed significant differences in many acoustic parameters including F0_SD, Jitter, RAP, Shimmer, APQ, HNR, NHR, FUF, DVB, and CPP. The parameter affecting judging wetness resulted into Jitter and NHR by the logistic regression test. At the pre-VFSS stage, the two groups differed significantly in many acoustic parameters including Intensity, Jitter, RAP, Shimmer, NHR, FUF, DVB, and CPP. Both pre-and post-VFSS, the mean values of all significant parameters, except Intensity, HNR, and CPP, were higher in the Wet group. According to pre-and post-VFSS, the two groups displayed interactions in many parameters (Intensity, F0_SD, Jitter, RAP, Shimmer, APQ, HNR, NHR, FUF, DVB, and CPP). In particular, Intensity increased in both groups after the VFSS, although the increase in the Non-wet group was greater. Based on these results, it was conjectured that the WVQ after swallowing resulted from the secretion effect of the mucous membrane due to the dry laryngeal characteristic of elderly patients, rather than aspiration resulting in food on the vocal cords.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.183-191
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• 2015

This study evaluated the effect of the therapeutic methods between vocal function exercise(VFE), which has been used for the patients with presbyphonia in the precedent studies and laryngeal calibration technique($SKLCT^{(R)}$), which is designed by the author. We identified 58 patients who was been diagnosed as presbylaryngis by laryngoscopic examinations. 21 patients were underwent voice therapy using $SKLCT^{(R)}$, 20 patients were taken VFE, and the control group of 17 patients were not taken any voice therapy. All subjects received the therapy, ranging from seven to nine sessions, and were evaluated the voice change on pretherapy and posttherapy. The grade of hoarseness, roughness, and breathiness voice were reduced on perceptual judgments after $SKLCT^{(R)}$, but only grade of hoarseness was reduced after the VFE. Jitter, Shimmer, NHR were reduced and MPT were increased after the $SKLCT^{(R)}$(p<.05), while Jitter and SFF were reduced after the VFE. Frequency and intensity range were increased significantly on the posttest performance after taking voice therapy by the $SKLCT^{(R)}$, on the other hand only intensity range was increased after VFE. Especially, we can find the significant change that glottic gap and supraglottic compressions was reduced in most of patients after the $SKLCT^{(R)}$, but there's no changes in the group of VFE and control group. In the study, we can suggest that the $SKLCT^{(R)}$ may be useful in improving the voice qualities and laryngeal function of presbyphonia.