• 음성과학
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.135-142
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• 2001

The present study was performed to investigate adequate levels of utterances which can give essential as well as useful information about the patients' voice, by examining the degrees of correlation between the levels of utterances (vowels, words, and phrase paragraph reading) and the entire utterance including all of the levels. For this purpose, a total of 10 individual utterance samples (5 vowels, 3 words, 1 phrase, 1 paragraph reading) were collected from each of the 30 subjects with voice disorder patients, and four experienced voice therapists evaluated them using GRBAS. The results showed that four therapists highly agreed upon on 'G' parameter. The coefficient of the correlation between each level of utterance and entire utterance tended to be above 0.70. Judgements of the vowel /$\varepsilon$/ as well as /o/ highly correlated with the judgement of the entire utterance. Regardless of severity, the judgement of the entire utterance highly correlated with the judgements of the vowel /u/ and the paragraph reading. These results suggest that experienced voice therapists can precisely evaluate patients' voice quality with only one sustained vowel in the clinic field, as is done with the entire utterance evaluation.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.118-123
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• 2019

Background and Objectives Voice evaluation is classified into subjective tests such as auditory perception and self-measurement, and objective tests such as acoustic and aerodynamic analysis. When evaluating dysphonia, subjective and objective test results do not always match. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between subjective and objective evaluation in patients with dysphonia and to identify meaningful parameters by disease. Materials and Method The total of 322 patients who visited voice clinic from May 2017 to May 2018 were included in this study. Laryngeal lesions were identified using stroboscopy. Pearson correlation test was performed to analyse correlation between subjective tests including GRBAS scale and voice handicap index, and objective tests including jitter, shimmer, noise to harmonic ratio (NHR), cepstral peak prominence (CPP), maximal phonation time (MPT), mean flow rate, and subglottic pressure. Results In vocal nodule and sulcus vocalis, among GRBAS system, grade and breathiness showed good correlation with CPP, and roughness showed good correlation with jitter or shimmer. In unilateral vocal cord paralysis (UVCP), grade and breathiness showed a very good correlation with CPP, and also good correlation with jitter, shimmer, NHR, and MPT. Also asthenia showed good correlation with CPP and MPT. Vocal polyp has a limited association with other diseases. Conclusion In patients with dysphonia, grade and breathiness showed good correlation with CPP, jitter, and shimmer, and reflect the state of voice change well especially in UVCP, CPP, and MPT.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제24권7호
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• pp.913-921
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• 2021

After arranging the general usability evaluation criteria of existing VUI researchers, this study verified how appropriate these criteria are for AI VUI specialized in navigation and the priority of their suitability. The VUI used in this study was analyzed through a survey from a total of 195 Chinese users after analyzing the navigation VUI used in China. As a result of the analysis, the usability evaluation criteria of the navigation VUI were extracted from three sub-factors of 'task accuracy', 'function satisfaction', and 'information reliability' in verifying conformance with general VUI evaluation criteria. With the recent advent of self-driving cars, safety and response speed are becoming very important, so Chinese users also ranked responsiveness as the top priority in VUI design, and the importance was also found to be high. Also, both men and women have the highest reactivity and the lowest multiplicity. VUI requires a convenient and natural interface to understand the intention between two objects through usability evaluation and verification in order to have effective interaction between humans and machines.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.452-459
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• 1992

본 논문에서는 kalman-filter 방법을 이용하여 향후 수년간의 음성 트래픽 양을 예측하고, 이 값들을 이용하여 격자 구조로 구성된 회선 교환망에서의 성능을 평가하였다. Kalman-filter 방법은 특적 오차와 모델링 오차를 고려해서 시스템의 상태를 예측하기 때문에 다른 예측 방법들보다 정확하게 시스템의 상태를 예측할 수 있다. 격자 구조 회선 교환망은 우회 경로가 존재하므로 노드들이 다른 구조로 구성되어 있는 통신망보다 높은 신뢰도를 가진다. 본 논문에서는 향 후 수 년간의 예측된 음성 통화량을 이용하여, 회선 교환망 성능 평각의 근간이 되는 호차단(call blocking)확률을 구했다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.2555-2562
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• 2009

본 논문에서 제안한 알고리즘은 IP데이터망에서 웜 스캐닝 공격을 탐지하는 TRW 알고리즘을 분석하고 음성망에 적용하기 위해 연결 과정과 연결 종료 과정을 설계하며, 이를 카운트하는 확률 함수를 정의하였다. 제안한 알고리즘을 평가하기 위해 임계치를 설정하고, 공격 트래픽 종류에 따른 연결확률을 변화시켜 알고리즘의 효율성을 측정하였으며, 공격패킷의 공격 속도에 따른 탐지시간을 측정하였다. 평가 결과 본 논문에서 제안한 알고리즘은 공격 속도가 초당 10패킷일 경우, DDoS 공격이 시도되고 약 1.2초 후에 탐지를 하고 초당 20개일 경우에는 약 0.5초 후에 탐지함을 확인하였다.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2003년도 통신소사이어티 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.172-175
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• 2003

In this paper we propose a method fur the evaluation of the quality of service for VoIP services in NGN. Specifically, let us anatomize the elements of delay of a voice connection in the network in an end-to-end manner and investigate expected value at each point. We extract the delay time in each element in the network such as gateway, network node, and terminal equipment, and estimate an upper bound fur the tolerable delay in each element.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.40-45
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• 2015

Objectives:This study aims to investigate the correlation between the measurements of Praat as an acoustic evaluation and those of GRBAS and CAPE-V as perceptual rating tool respectively. Through this, it also tries to find out parameters to which attention should be paid when an evaluator, who is untrained in auditory-perceptual voice evaluation, conducts voice evaluation with objective tool. Materials and Methods:Voice samples of this study were 33 vocal polyp patients(23 males and 10 females) who visited our Department of Otorhinolaryngology. They sustained vowel voices of 'e' were recorded and acoustically analyzed. Results:As the results of correlation analysis between GRBAS and Praat measurements, G scale and R scale showed statistically significant correlation with Jitt, Shim and NHR. And it is found that B scale represented significant correlation with Jitt, S scale with Shim. As the results of analysis on correlation with CAPE-V and Praat measurements, OS scale and R scale showed statistically significant correlation with Jitt, Shim and NHR. B scale represented significant correlation with Jitt, S scale with Shim. Conclusion:Although, both GRBAS and CAPE-V were highly reliable, in comparison between CAPE-V and Pratt, more parameters that showed statistically significant correlation are observed, which implies that VAS has more potential to make detailed evaluation than ORD.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.83-94
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• 2016

도로공사구간의 안전성 증대를 위해 공사구간에 진입하는 운전자에게 전방상황에 대한 사전인지와 적절한 회피행동을 유도할 수 있는 경고정보를 제공하는 것은 효과적인 기술적 대안이 될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 지향성 스피커를 이용하여 운전자에게 음성경고를 제공하여 안전운전을 유도하는 기술의 타당성을 평가하였다. 이를 위해 현장실험을 수행하였으며, 운전자의 경고정보 인지도 및 선호도, 공사구간 접근차량의 속도, 그리고 소음을 평가지표로 설정하여 수집된 자료를 분석하였다. 분석결과, 음성경고가 도로공사구간에 접근하는 운전자의 주위 환기를 위해서 긍정적으로 사용될 수 있음을 확인하였다. 반면 소음으로 인한 부정적인 효과도 발생할 수 있음을 관찰하였다. 따라서 음성 경고 제공 방식에 대한 개선을 통해 음성 정보 제공의 실효성을 증대시킬 필요가 있다. 또한 본 연구의 결과물은 향후 공사구간 안전성 증대를 위한 체계적인 음성경고정보시스템 개발을 위해 유용한 자료로 활용될 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.400-409
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 임의의 화자가 발성한 음성을 다른 화자가 발성한 음성처럼 들리도록 변환하는 음성 변환 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 개인이 지니고 있는 음성의 특성을 변환하기 위해 성도 전달 함수의 특성을 변환 변수로 사용하였으며, 기존의 기법과 비교하여 목표 화자의 음성과 주관적, 객관적으로 더욱 유사한 변환음을 얻기 위한 새로운 방법을 제안하였다. 성도 전달 함수의 변환은 전체 특징 벡터 공간을 분류 한 뒤, 각 구획에 대한 선형 변환식을 통해 구현된다. 특징 변수로서 LPC 켑스트럼을 사용하였으며, 벡터 공간의 분류와 선형 변환식의 추정을 동시에 최적화시키는 분류-변환 알고리즘이 새로이 제안되었다. 제안된 음성 변환 기법의 성능을 평가하기 위해 3명의 남성 화자와 1명의 여성 화자로부터 수집된 약 150개의 문장을 사용하여 변환 규칙을 생성하였으며, 이를 동일한 화자가 발성한 다른 150개의 문장에 대해 적용하여 객관적인 성능 평가와 주관적 청취 테스트를 수행하였다.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.95-101
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• 2016

Background and Objectives : The main purpose of this study is to clarify perceptual and acoustic analysis for the patients with hypothyroidism after thyroidectomy especially focused on the characteristics of speech articulation with special reference to the consonant production. Materials and Methods : The subjects of the research were 40 male and female adults (males : 5, females : 35). They were all received radioactive iodine treatment which after total thyroidectomy. Voice samples were collected during the three stages of after surgery, pre-radioisotope treatment (RIT), and post-RIT. The acoustic analysis was conducted by using Pratt (ver.5.2.21) after measuring voice onset time (VOT). The subjective evaluation of the voices used CAPE-V. Results : A significant decrease in overall severity was displayed in the CAPE-V following RIT. It may be conjectured that this is connected to the change in voice following RIT. The loudness of the sound displayed a significant decrease in the CAPE-V following RIT. It is conjectured that this is connected to the decrease in vocal intensity following RIT. No statistically significant results were revealed for the comparative analysis on the voice onset time (VOT) in all plosives during the three periods. Conclusion : Perceptually, the overall severity of the voice with hypothyroidism was changed significantly before and after RIT. Eventhough VOT were not significantly changed, it tended to decrease VOT in patients with hypothyroidism.