• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.15C no.5
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• pp.367-374
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• 2008

To realize the voice privacy between CDMA mobile phone and PSTN terminal, the voice frames shall be transmitted transparently between the heterogeneous networks. For satisfying this requirement, we propose the method which transmits voice frames using the CDMA circuit data channel in real time. In this paper we analyze the causes of voice delay which occurs during voice transmission using circuit data channel. And in order to overcome this kind of delay, the technique controlling the TCP control flag and the variable audio block construction algorithm according to the vocoder output rate are proposed. As a result of experimenting by applying the proposed method, we confirmed that the transit delay was improved with about average 70%.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.49-62
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• 2002

This study was intended to examine the pattern and level of experience of voice problems and risk factors in school teacher, to offer basic data to prevent voice problems. The subjects were 180 school teachers from primary, middle, and high school teachers in C City, Chonbuk. Data were collected by questionnaires survey from April 30, 2001 to May 10, 2001. 56.6% of the subjects experienced voice problems such as "H-notes difficult"($2.68{\pm}.86$), followed by "Tired voice"($2.32{\pm}.93$), "Effortful voice"($2.27{\pm}.90$), and "Drying of throat"($2.21{\pm}.91$). According to general characteristics, smoking subjects showed higher voice problem than no smoking subjects and this difference was statistically significant(t=2.76, p=.007). According to voice related characteristics, "Speaking loudly" subjects showed higher voice problem than those no "Speaking loudly"(t=-2.02, p=.045). "Speaking effortful" subjects measured higher voice problem than those of "Speaking effortful" and this difference was statistically significant(t=-3.34, p=.001). The inspection of the relation of cause affecting school teachers showed that it had an interacting effect of voice habit, smoking, experienced voice problem, treatment(due to voice problem) experience, by staged it accounted for 55.3% of the total voice problem. The total voice problem indicated a positive correlation(p=.000). Conclusion: over half of the school teachers have experienced voice problems, higher perceived related of voice symptom and physical symptom factors. Also, because there are significant differences in voice problem according to smoking, voice habits of "Speaking loudly", "Speaking effortful", experienced voice problem, treatment(due to voice problem) experience.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.125-128
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• 1999

In this paper, we propose a QoS-sensitive admission threshold method for the transmission of the non-real tine data packet such that the quality of services for both voice and data traffics are maintained to a required level. By detecting the active voice traffic during the current time slot, the non-real-time data packets are transmitted up to an admission threshold level during the next time slot. We found out that the optimum admission threshold is four voice traffic resources lower from the maximum allowable threshold to maintain the outage probability within 1% when the connected voice users are 15.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.30 no.9A
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• pp.737-748
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• 2005

Two flexible admission control schemes for integrated voice and stream-type data services are proposed in DS-CDMA systems. Most Previous studies on admission control have focused on integration of short, bursty Packet-type data services and conventional voice services. However, stream-type data services with a relatively long service holding time are expected to be a considerable portion of data traffic in future generation cellular systems. Scheme I is a basic scheme that accommodates both voice and data services with full bandwidth. However, voice services are given priority over data services using the duration difference between the holding times for these services. Scheme ll uses a different method to efficiently give priority to voice services over stream-type data services. An additional interference margin for voice services is provided by suppressing interference from stream-type data services according to voice access requests and a varying interference status. Performance of the two schemes is evaluated by developing Markovian models. Numerical results show that the voice capacity is highly sensitive to the service holding time of data services while the performance measures of data services are not highly sensitive. Scheme H is a significant improvement over Scheme I for accommodating voice and stream-type data services

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.99-108
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• 2012

Recent research has identified that self-reported voice problems are a risk indicator for voice disorders. However, previous studies concerning the general population did not take into account the influence of gender on self-reported voice problems. The purpose of the present cross-sectional study was to determine the gender differences in risk factors of self-reported voice problems in the Korean adult population using national survey data. This study utilized data from the Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey 2008. Subjects inclued 3,622 people (1,508 male and 2,114 female) aged 19 years and older living in the community. Data were analyzed using t-test, one-way ANOVA, and multiple logistic regression. The prevalence of self-reported voice problems was 5.9% in males, and 8.1% in females Females had higher incidents of self-reported voice problems than males. Adjusting for covariates, in males, age (OR=2.47, 95% CI: 1.07-5.70), pain and discomfort during the last two weeks (OR=3.64, 95% CI: 2.20-6.01) were independently associated with self-reported voice problems (p<0.05). In women, age (OR=1.96, 95% CI: 1.18-3.26), education (OR=2.09, 95% CI: 1.06-4.12), smoking (OR=2.70, 95% CI: 1.48-4.93), thyroid disorders (OR=2.58, 95% CI: 1.47-4.53), pain and discomfort during the last two weeks (OR=1.75, 95% CI: 1.21-2.54) were independently associated with self-reported voice problem (p<0.05). Self-reported voice problems related risk factors differed according to gender. These findings suggest that there needs to be different program strategies that reflect gender differences in self-reported voice problems.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.141-155
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• 2002

A medium access control protocol is proposed for integrated voice and data services in the packet CDMA network with a small coverage. Uplink channels are composed of time slots and multiple spreading codes for each slot. This protocol gives higher access priority to the delay-sensitive voice traffic than to the data traffic. During a talkspurt, voice terminals reserve a spreading code to transmit multiple voice packets. On the other hand, whenever generating a data packet, data terminals transmit a packet based on the status information of spreading codes in the current slot, which is received from base station. In this protocol, voice packet does not come into collision with data packet. Therefore, this protocol can increase the maximum number of voice terminals.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.107-113
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• 2006

It is essential to guarantee a handoff dropping probability below a predetermined threshold for wireless mobile networks. Previous studies have proposed admission control policies for integrated voice/data traffic in wireless mobile networks. However, since QoS has been considered only in terms of CDP (Call Dropping Probability), the result has been a serious CBP (Call Blocking Probability) unfairness problem between voice and data traffic. In this paper, we suggest a new admission control policy that treats integrated voice and data traffic fairly while maintaining the CDP constraint. For underprivileged data traffic, which requires more bandwidth units than voice traffic, the packet is placed in a queue when there are no available resources in the base station, instead of being immediately rejected. Furthermore, we have adapted the biased coin method concept to adjust unfairness in terms of CBP. We analyzed the system model of a cell using both a two-dimensional continuous-time Markov chain and the Gauss-Seidel method. Numerical results demonstrate that our CAC (Call Admission Control) scheme successfully achieves CBP fairness for voice and data traffic.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.39-45
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• 2015

This research was conducted to investigate the voice related needs of occupational voice users. The data collected from teachers(379), tele-marketers(156), therapists(50) was classified according to its content, by colaizzi's inductive categorical analysis. The voice related needs are classified into 3 big categories, 1) how to use, 2) how to care, 3) how to be healthy. Again the category 'how to use' my voice was into 6 sub-categories: (1) efficiently, (2) as I desired, (3) without pain(discomfort), (4) expressively, (5) phonation (methods) and (6) clear articulation. The result showed that the needs from 3 groups of occupational voice users reflect their own environment which they have to use their voice as well as the voice characteristics wanted from their specific listeners.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.63-69
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• 2013

This study attempted to investigate the characteristics of Phonation Threshold Pressure and Phonation Threshold Airflow of Patients who have Functional voice disorder. 50 subjects participated in study (32 subjects were patients who had functional voice disorders and 20 subjects were normal adults). The PAS (Phonatory aerodynamic system, model 6600, KAY electronics, Inc.) was used to measure the data and to do the analysis. Data from the Phonation Threshold Pressure was measured using voicing efficiency of the PAS protocol. Data from the Phonation Threshold Airflow was measured using Maximum Sustained Phonation of the PAS protocol. Those were used because of the ease of phonation. The results of this study showed that the differences in Phonation Threshold Pressure and Phonation Threshold Airflow between patients who had functional voice disorder and normal adults could be significant index. Patients who had functional voice disorder showed more higher figures than normal adults. These results suggest that Phonation Threshold Pressure and Phonation Threshold Airflow are very useful in diagnosing the voice disorder. The measured data also provided useful information for diagnosing patients with vocal fold diseases.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.111-116
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to analyze the association between self-reported voice problems and voice disorders in the Korean adult population. Data were collected from the 4th Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (2008) from 3,135 subjects (1,310 men and 1,825 women) aged 19 years and older. Multi-nominal logistic regression analyses were used to examine the association between self-reported voice problems and voice disorders in the Korean adult population. Adjusting for covariates (age, sex, education level, job, smoking, alcohol drinking, thyroid disorders, pain and discomfort during the last 2 weeks), self-reported voice problems included independently associated functional voice disorders (OR=4.70, 95% CI: 3.14-7.03) and organic voice disorders (OR=3.89, 95% CI: 1.57-9.65). The results of the present study verified that self-reported voice problems are valuable indicators for voice disorders. Further research is needed to ascertain the effect of self-reported voice problems on voice disorder in adults.