• Speech Sciences
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.89-96
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• 2000

Examination of the vibrations of the vocal fold is very important in patients with voice changes. The newly developed videokymography (VKG) takes images in real time and records irregular vibrations of the vocal fold. However, there are few data on VKG findings. We studied VKG to evaluate the vibratory characteristics of the vocal fold in benign vocal fold lesions. Unique vibratory patterns, blurred demarcation of the mucosal propagation, decreased margin amplitudes, asymmetry in phase or amplitude, and a level difference of the contact site were observed in each benign vocal-fold lesion. We conclude that each type of laryngeal lesion has specific characteristic which are revealed by VKG examination, these parameters can be quantified and used to objectively evaluate VKG findings. Based on these results, VKG can be used as a supplementary diagnostic tool.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.101-103
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• 2015

There are no standard consensus about treatment results and prognostic factors based on randomized trials for benign vocal fold lesion. Currently, voice therapy is the treatment of choice for vocal nodules, and laryngomicroscopic surgery is for vocal polyps. There are no strong evidences to support it, based on randomized controlled trials, But, it's just a consensus among laryngologist. Considering the pathophysiology of benign vocal cord lesions, cognitive behavioral therapy that corrects the patient's bad voice habits and improves their vocal hygiene could be most important factor for treatment outcomes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.51-54
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• 2013

False vocal fold hypertrophy caused by diverse pathologic lesion, such as laryngeal amyloidosis, laryngeal lipidosis, laryngocele, saccular cyst and sulcus vocalis. False vocal fold hypertrophy, however, is also caused laryngeal structure deformity, irrespective of pathologic lesions. In this article, we report some cases of false vocal fold hypertrophy caused by inward bowing of thyroid cartilage. At the clinic of the department of otorhinolaryngology in Gangnam Severance Hospital, with 3 male complained of hoarseness as subjects, and comfirmed of false vocal fold hypertrophy using the stroboscopy and larynx CT we checked vocal fold and laryngeal structure. Three patients with apparent hypertrophy of false vocal fold were investigated with computerized tomography (CT). In all patients, marked concavity of thyroid cartilage was revealed in CT scan at the level of the false vocal fold, and this deformity of the thyroid cartilage seemed to cause a protrusion of false vocal fold which taken as hypertrophy in stroboscopy. Careful palpation of the larynx and a CT scan taken at the level of the false vocal fold should be useful in determining whether hypertrophy of the false vocal fold is pathologic. For the next articles, It is necessary to discuss for the cause, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of inward bowing of thyroid cartilage.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.81-84
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• 2005

Vagus nerve palsy caused by herpes virus infection is rare. Here, the author presents a 65-year-old woman with acute onset of right side otalgia and sore throat, followed by delayed vocal fold paralysis on the same side. Vesicles were also found on the posterior wall of ear canal but the tympanic membrane was not involved. Laryngoscopy revealed multiple ulcerative lesions on the pharyngeal and laryngeal mucosa exclusively on the right side. One month later, she noticed dyshonia which turned out right vocal fold paralysis. Skull base to upper chest CT did not reveal local lesion. Three months after finishing the acyclovir, her symptoms were almost gone and vocal fold movement has almost completely improved. Vagus nerve involvement of herpes infection should be considered as a differential diagnosis for patients with herpes zoster oticus with sore throat.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.5-17
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• 2002

Objectives : Videostrobokymography(VSK) has been recently developed and reported by Sung et at. We aimed to analyze vibratory patterns and objective parameters in various benign vocal fold lesions using VSK, and examine the efficacy of VSK in clinical application. Materials and Methods : Using VSK, we analyzed the vibration pattern of normal vocal fold and various benign lesions, such as nodules, polyps, cysts, Reinke's edema and unilateral vocal fold paralysis. We also calculated objective parameters, open quotient and asymmetric index, and compared them with mean values of parameters in normal controls. Results : In nodules, polyps, and cysts, the open quotient on the site of the lesion was similar to the mean value in normal controls, however, on the other part of the vocal folds it was much larger than normal mean value. In Reinke's edema, irregular and asymmetric vibration was observed. The posterior portion of the vocal folds showed larger open quotients than the anterior portion. In the unilateral vocal fold paralysis, irregular vocal folds vibration and incomplete closure of the vocal folds were documented. Much larger asymmetric indices were calculated in the unilateral vocal fold paralysis than in normal controls and other lesions. The asymmetric index could be a good quantitative parameter of vibration from a patient with vocal fold paralysis. Conclusion : This study demonstrated that VSK could generate clear quantitative documentations of fine vibrations of vocal folds in many different benign lesions. VSK has a potential as an effective tool for quantitative analysis of vibratory patterns of the vocal folds iii clinical settings.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.131-135
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• 2009

Background and Objectives: Benign vocal fold lesions have shown various voice onset types on phonation, however, they have not been documented yet. We studied to know the relationships between benign vocal fold lesions and voice onset types. Materials and Method: 114 subjects were evaluated by using videokymographic examinations. The subjects were classified into three types: normal, contact, and open types according to the patterns of voice onset types on phonation. Benign vocal fold lesions were investigated and voice onset types were compared between normal and disease groups. Voice parameters were obtained from and compared in all subjects to assess acoustic and aerodynamic factors. Results: The normal type among onset types were more than contact type or open type in both normal and disease groups. Disease group showed many contact and open types when. compared with normal group. Vocal nodule and vocal polyp were showed many normal and contact types, however, sulcus vocalis was almost showed open type among voice onset groups. The values of mean flow rate (MFR) of contact type were significantly higher compared to normal type in disease group (p<0.05). Shimmer of contact type was higher than normal type in diseasegroup, but the difference was not significant (p=0.057). Conclusion: Benign vocal fold lesions were related to the various types of voice onset. The various types of voice onset should be considered when benign vocal fold lesions were examined.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 2002

Background and Objectives : The vocal fold nodules which were made by excessive contact or vibration of the vocal folds were classified to the soft nodule and the hard nodule in according to the hardness or the duration of nodule. Sometimes laryngologist saw the nodule to be located in different level. Authors thought that each nodule to be located in different level might have the different causes. Therefore we studied to know the relationship between the voicing technique and each vocal fold nodule to be located in different level. Materials and Methods : One-hundred forty nine patients who had the vocal fold nodule were evaluated. Sites and shapes of the vocal fold nodules were investigated using videostroboscopy. Videokymography was also used to scan the center of the vocal fold nodules during phonation and classified to several types. Same procedures were done on normal subject while he simulated the various types of voicing. And we compared the findings between both of them. Three different types of lesion can be distinguished. These are ML group that lesions were located from mid to low, MH group that lesions were located from mid to upper and HL group that lesions were located from lower to upper of the vocal folds. Results : The VKG findings of ML group and situation simulating with hard glottal attack and vocal fry were similar. MH group had a similar VKG findings with situation simulating with whispering or high pitch voicing. HL group had a similar VKG findings with situation simulating with loud voicing. Conclusions : Authors thought that each vocal fold nodule, which had different shapes and located in different level, related with the different types of voicing.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.112-117
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• 2004

Background and Objectives : This study is purposed to investigate the statistically significant discrimination model for predicting vocal fold nodule and polyp's lesional grade, with patients' background data and objective voice evaluation parameters. Materials and Method : The retrospective research was carried out at the Ewha Womans University Hospital. 122 patients' voice examination data had been selected, and lesion screening (Grade I, II, and III) was conducted by 2 ENT specialists, with each patient's vocal fold pictures achieved during the laryngoscopy examination. Results : The Lesional Grade Discrimination Model with which the lesional grade of vocal fold nodules and polyps could be predicted was derived by the ordinal logistic regression analysis (using SPSS 10.0). With this model the lesional grades of 73 out of 122 patients(59.8%) were correctly predicted to their formerly screened ones. Conclusion : This model applied the multivariate approach, which statistically combined these currently used parameters, Jitter, Shimmer, MFR, MPT, and patient's background data such as gender and dysphonia period. It might explain the status of benign lesion of vocal folds, and furthermore expect the physiological function of vocal folds.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.139-141
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• 2019

The causes of vocal cord paralysis include iatrogenic injury during thyroid or cervical surgery, heart and chest surgery, and tumorous lesion such as laryngeal cancer and lung cancer. In addition to these common causes, rarely, cardiovascular disease can also cause vocal fold paralysis. A disease known as Cardiovocal syndrome, or Ortner's syndrome, causes left vocal fold paralysis when the left recurrent laryngeal nerve is compressed by the pulmonary artery and aorta, which is occurred by pulmonary hypertension from heart disease. We report for the first case in Korea the diagnosis of vocal fold paralysis caused by Ortner's syndrome.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.58-61
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• 2008

A 66-year-old woman described a 6-month history of hoarseness after upper respiratory infection. She was a house wife and referred from an outside clinic under a diagnosis of vocal fold nodules. Strobovideolaryngoscopy revealed bilateral vocal fold lesions, and decreased mucosal wave of both vocal folds. She was brought to the operating room for microsuspension laryngoscopy. Under general anesthesia, dual intracordal cysts on left vocal fold were completely resected with microflap technique. The lesion on the right vocal fold turned out to be a reactive fibrous mass, which was also resected. Dual intracordal cysts were confirmed histopathologically. The one was an epidermoid cyst lined with squamous epithelium, and the other was a mucus retention cyst lined with cuboidal epithelium. Postoperative voice was acceptable by the patient and the mucosal vibration has much improved after the surgery.