• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.34-38
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• 2019

Background and Objectives : The aim of this study is verify the correlation between benign laryngeal mucosal disease and metabolic syndrome. Materials and Method : Data for patients diagnosed with benign laryngeal mucosal disease and metabolic syndrome from 2006 to 2015 were selected for analysis from the National Health Insurance Service database. Results : The prevalence of Metabolic syndrome was 2,179,785 out of 6,437,051 patients (33.86%). The prevalence of benign laryngeal mucosal disease was 516,594 out of 6,437,051 patients (8.03%). Metabolic syndrome was a risk factor for benign laryngeal mucosal disease [hazard ratio: 0.99, 95% confidence interval: 0.984-0.997] after adjusting for age and other variables including age, gender, smoking status, alcohol intake, exercise, body mass index, and diabetes. The number of metabolic syndrome components was also risk factor. Conclusion : Metabolic syndrome was related to the incidence of benign laryngeal mucosal disease. However this correlation did not seem to be high.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.51-55
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• 2021

There are several lasers available for office-based or suspension microlaryngoscopy laser procedures in the treatment of laryngeal diseases. Each has advantages and disadvantages given the depth of penetration per unit of power, absorption in water, spectral absorption characteristics, mode of delivery, safety, and cost. It is important to note that while the proper selection of indication of treatment based on a laser wavelength is critical, of equal importance is selecting the appropriate power setting, focal length (or spot size), and time of exposure. The photoangiolytic lasers precisely target hemoglobin within the microcirculation of the highly vascularized tissue and may have better hemostatic effects and preservation of surrounding normal tissue than the CO₂ laser. Although the choice of laser is purely theoretical and cannot be accurately concluded which parameters of laser (wattage and pulse width) were best to use, photoangiolytic laser surgery is safe and effective for specific laryngeal lesions. In this review, indications for photoangiolytic laser procedures for various laryngeal diseases, laser settings and surgical techniques for specific laryngeal lesions including sulcus vocalis, laryngeal dysplasia, and recurrent respiratory papillomatosis will be introduced. Pros and cons of in-office laser surgery using photoangiolytic laser and flexible CO₂ laser will also be addressed.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2010.04a
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• pp.494-497
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 $C_2H_5OH$를 주성분으로 하고 있는 알코올량에 따른 음성학적 분석 요소값의 변화를 측정하였다. 이를 위해 알코올 섭취량의 변화를 측정하고 다양한 음성 분석기법을 적용한 실험 과정을 수행하였다. 따라서 본 연구의 결과를 토대로 다양한 환경에 용이하게 쓰일 수 있도록 알코올 섭취와 관련된 분야에 적용 가능한 실험 절차를 수행하였다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 음성 분석 요소의 Pitch값과 Shimmer 및 Jitter에 대해 분석을 수행하였으며 실험 결과를 통해 알코올 섭취량이 음성에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 최종적으로 실험에 의해 제안한 방법의 유용성을 입증하였다.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1983.05a
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• pp.14.4-15
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• 1983

The laryngeal carcinoma is the most frequent malignant tumor in the E.N.T. field. In the surgical treatment of laryngeal carcinoma, in 1873, Billroth performed the first total laryngectomy, and in 1863, H. B. Sands performed the first partial laryngectomy. Recently general advances (antibiotic therapy, blood trasfusion, and safer anesthesia) result in the improvement of postoperative prognosis. Because the laryngeal lymphatic system has the characteristic compartmentation, this serves the anatomic basis for performing the partial laryngectomy. Although the indications of partial laryngectomy are different from that of total laryngectomy, the partial laryngectomy has the advantage of not only removal of all malignant disease, but also maximum preservation of respiratory, phonatory, and sphincteric function of the larynx. In the latest, surgical treatment decreased the frequency of recurrence, and also increased the 5 year survival rate with combination of the chemotherapy and radiation therapy. The authors have experienced 8 cases of partial laryngectomy for laryngeal carcinoma at the department of otolaryngology, Korea University Hospital from 1980 to 1982. Among the total 8 cases, 2 cases were involved only in the epiglottis, 2 cases in the anterior 1/3 of both vocal cords with ant. comissure, 2 cases in the middle 1/3 of Lt. vocal cord, 1 case in the anterior 1/3 of Rt. vocal cord with ant. comissure, and another 1 case in the Rt. ventrical. So authors report these cases with review of the literature.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.63-72
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• 2018

The human voice is one of the easiest methods for the information transmission between human beings. The characteristics of voice can vary from person to person and include the speed of speech, the form and function of the vocal organ, the pitch tone, speech habits, and gender. The human voice is a key element of human communication. In the days of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, voices are also a major means of communication between humans and humans, between humans and machines, machines and machines. And for that reason, people are trying to communicate their intentions to others clearly. And in the process, it contains various additional information along with the linguistic information. The Information such as emotional status, health status, part of trust, presence of a lie, change due to drinking, etc. These linguistic and non-linguistic information can be used as a device for evaluating the individual's credit worthiness by appearing in various parameters through voice analysis. Especially, it can be obtained by analyzing the relationship between the characteristics of the fundamental frequency(basic tonality) of the vocal cords, and the characteristics of the resonance frequency of the vocal track.In the previous research, the necessity of various methods of credit evaluation and the characteristic change of the voice according to the change of credit status were studied. In this study, we propose a personal credit discriminator by machine learning through parameters extracted through voice.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.135-141
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• 2021

Background and Objectives Vocal process granulomas (VPGs) are benign lesions of the larynx, typically contact granulomas (CG) and intubation granulomas (IG). The two diseases are known to have different clinical manifestations despite having the same pathological features. The purpose of this study was to analyze the treatment results for CG and IG and to obtain clinical information. Materials and Method We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients diagnosed with VPG between January 2015 and December 2018. The patient's age, sex, medical history, lesion size, lesion type, reflux finding score, response to treatment, duration of treatment, and follow-up period were compared. Results In total, 32 patients were included in the study, of which 18 were CG and 14 were IG. In the CG group, males were dominant (n=15, 83.3%), whereas in the IG group, females were dominant (n=11, 78.6%) (p=0.0009). The response to medical treatment using proton pump inhibitor and steroid inhaler was better in the IG group (11/14, 78.6%) than in the CG group (7/18, 38.9%) (p=0.036). Of the 14 patients who did not respond to medical treatment, 5 received botulium toxin injections, and all 5 had complete remission. The duration of medical treatment was significantly longer in the IG group (p=0.0029). Conclusion IG was more common in female, and CG was more dominant in male. IG had better response to medical treatment using proton pump inhibitor and steroid inhaler than CG.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.69-76
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• 2019

This study aimed to investigate the effects of vocal aerobic treatment (VAT) on the improvement of voice in patients with voice disorders. Twenty patients (13 males, 7 females) were diagnosed with voice disorders on the basis of videostroboscopy and voice evaluations. Acoustic evaluation was performed with the Multidimensional voice program (MDVP) and Voice Range Profile (VRP) of Computerized Speech Lab (CSL), and aerodynamic evaluation with PAS (Phonatory Aerodynamic System). The changes in F0, Jitter, Shimmer, and NHR before and after treatment were measured by MDVP. F0 range and Energy range were measured with VRP before and after treatment, and the changes in Expiratory Volume (FVC), Phonation Time (PHOT), Mean Expiratory Airflow (MEAF), Mean Peak Air Pressure (MPAP), and Aerodynamic Efficiency (AEFF) with PAS. Videostroboscopy was performed to evaluate the regularity, symmetry, mucosal wave, and amplitude changes of both vocal cords before and after treatment. Voice therapy was performed once a week for each patient using the VAT program in a holistic voice therapy approach. The average number of treatments per patient was 6.5. In the MDVP, Jitter, Shimmer, and NHR showed statistically significant decreases (p < .001, p < .01, p < .05). VRP results showed that Hz and semitones in the frequency range improved significantly after treatment (p < .01, p < .05), as did PAS, FVC, and PHOT (p < .01, p < .001). The results for videostroboscopy, functional voice disorder, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and benign vocal fold lesions were normal. Thus, the VAT program was found to be effective in improving the acoustic and aerodynamic aspects of the voice of patients with voice disorders. In future studies, the effect of VAT on the same group of voice disorders should be studied. It is also necessary to investigate subjective voice improvement and objective voice improvement. Furthermore, it is necessary to examine the effects of VAT in professional voice users.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.63-67
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• 2009

Background and Objectives: In patients with asthma, increased obstruction and resistance of airway result in impairment in the generation of voice. Allergy and nasal polyposis, which are frequently observed in patients with asthma, are other factors that affect the vocal performance. Bronchodilators and steroids are commonly used in the treatment of asthma, and these agents also have been reported to be associated with voice changes. The aim of this study is to evaluate the voice quality in patients with mild to-moderate asthma by subjective and objective methods. Materials and Methods: A total of 36 patients with asthma established in the Department of Respiratory Medicine were included in this study. 23 were women and 13 were men, with a mean age of 51.7 years. The average duration of asthma was 77.0 months. All patients had mild-to moderate asthma. Acoustic and aerodynamic analyses were performed and the movements of the vocal cords were examined by videolaryngostroboscopy (VLS). Voice Handicap Index (VHI) and GRABS scales were used for subjective evaluations. Results: 50% of patients suffered from dysphonia and FO was 119.3${\pm}$23.7 Hz in male and 198.2${\pm}$18.4 Hz in female patients. There were no significant differences in average shimmer and NHR between females (4.90${\pm}$2.95% ; 0.1O${\pm}$0.04 dB) and males (4.64${\pm}$2.45% ; 0.20${\pm}$0.15 dB). However, the value of jitter was greater for females (2.60${\pm}$1.92%) than for males (1.21${\pm}$0.84%). The VHI score was above the normal limit in 35%, and VLS findings were shown diverse abnormality in 89% asthmatics from mucosal change to hyperfunction of supragottis and contact granuloma. But duration of illness and steroid dose did not correlate with these findings. Conclusion: Subjective and objective abnormality was shown in more than 50% of asthmatic patients. We suggest that persons who suffer from asthma should be examined for possible voice disorders by laryngologist. Additionally, appropriate medical care and voice therapy should be provided for those who have voice disorders associated with asthma.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.89-96
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• 2022

Background and Objectives The quality of life after thyroidectomy, such as voice change, is considered to be as important as control of the disease. In this study, we aimed to evaluate changes in both subjective and objective voice parameters after thyroidectomy resulting in normal morbidity of the vocal cords. Materials and Method In this prospective cohort study, 204 patients who underwent thyroidectomy with or without central neck dissection at a single referral center from Feb 2015 to Aug 2016 were enrolled. All patients underwent prospective voice evaluations including both subjective and objective assessments preoperatively and then at 2 weeks, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Temporal changes of the voice parameters were analyzed. Results Values of the subjective assessment tool worsened during the early postoperative follow-up period and did not recover to the preoperative values at 12 months postoperatively. The maximal phonation time gradually decreased, whereas most objective parameters, including maximal vocal pitch (MVP), reached preoperative values at 3-6 months postoperatively. The initial decrease in MVP was significantly greater in patients undergoing total thyroidectomy, and their MVP recovery time was faster than that of patients undergoing lobectomy (p=0.001). Patients whose external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve was confirmed intact by electroidentification showed no difference in recovery speed compared with patients without electroindentification (p=0.102), although the initial decrease in MVP was lower with electroidentification. Conclusion Subjective assessment in voice quality and maximal phonation time after thyroidectomy did not show recovery to preoperative values. Aggravation of MVP was associated with surgical extent and electroidentification.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.98-103
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• 2003

Background and Objectives : Although many studies have examined the effect of drinking on voice change, its cause and degree remain unclear. Since voice change occurs more frequently the day following drinking, rather than immediately afterwards, we examined whether the voice change was correlated with reflux laryngitis due to gastroesophageal motor disturbances. Subjects and Methods : For this study, 10 patients were selected who had neither voice change nor symptoms of reflux laryngitis at baseline (male : female=5 : 5, mean age=28 years old) They were subjected to psychoacoustic, acoustic, and aerodynamic tests and video stroboscopy at 4:00 P.M. the day before drinking (test 1), at 8:00 A.M. (test 2) and 4:00 P.M. (test 3) on the following day. On the day of drinking, the subjects had to drink more than their usual amount of Soju(Korean liquor) and were not allowed to talk much. The stroboscopy findings were quantified using the PC Belafsky score. Results : The laryngeal response to gastric reflux after drinking was compared between tests 1 and 2. In both tests, laryngeal edema and injection were observed on video stroboscopy. The psychoacoustic test detected more severe hoarseness in test 2 than in test 1. In addition, the acoustic test detected a mild increase in both jitter and shimmer. However, the differences between tests 2 and 3, which were performed when there was reduced or no gastric reflux, were not significant. Conclusions : Drinking may cause gastric reflux, which produces reversible voice change by irritating the vocal cords and larynx. Therefore, reflux laryngitis should be suspected in a patient whose voice changes markedly after drinking.