• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.75-90
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• 2024

This study analyzed the vocabularies presented in the 1st to 2nd grade elementary school mathematics field review textbook according to the 2022 revised curriculum using a 9th grade vocabulary system and improved them. The result of the analysis shows that the frequency of vocabulary that was not appropriate for the students' level was found to be 6.67% in the first semester of the first year and 12.17% in the second semester of the first year. For the first semester of the second year, it was 11.73%, and for the second semester of the second year, it was 14.19%. This shows that the frequency of vocabulary that may be difficult for students gradually increases. Based on the analysis results, vocabulary that had a high difficulty level but was not essential in the textbook was deleted, and essential vocabulary or vocabulary that was difficult for students was presented with pictures added or revised in more detail. In addition, words that can be modified with similar words with low lexical difficulty were replaced and presented. In this way, research on vocabulary difficulty can identify aspects of vocabulary used in textbooks and can help develop high-quality textbooks by appropriately modifying vocabulary for effective mathematics learning.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.1526-1533
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• 2018

This study aims to provide implications for mobile foreign language vocabulary learning app by analyzing the effects of mobile vocabulary learning app based on character animation. For this purpose, we applied the learning application designed with character animation and text, and the application designed with text only to two groups of learners, and analyzed the effect. As a result, we found that application designed with character animation and text was useful in recognition frequency and duration concerning learning. Regarding learning outcomes, we found that it is useful not only in memory but also in learning interest and motivation. This study provides implications for learning method and design development of mobile-based foreign language vocabulary learning application which actively using recently.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.83-84
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• 2011

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.8
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• pp.173-178
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• 2012

In the generated model for the recognition vocabulary, tri-phones which is not make preparations are produced. Therefore this model does not generate an initial estimate of parameter words, and the system can not configure the model appear as disadvantages. As a result, the sophistication of the Gaussian model is fall will degrade recognition. In this system, we propose the error correction system using out-of vocabulary rejection algorithm. When the systems are creating a vocabulary recognition model, recognition rates are improved to refuse the vocabulary which is not registered. In addition, this system is seized the lexical analysis and meaning using probability distributions, and this system deactivates the string before phoneme change was applied. System analysis determine the rate of error correction using phoneme similarity rate and reliability, system performance comparison as a result of error correction rate improve represent 2.8% by method using error patterns, fault patterns, meaning patterns.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.331-341
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• 2017

This paper aims to analyze English vocabulary of the North Korean textbooks diachronically using the constructed English textbook corpus. The North Korea English textbooks attained from Information Center on North Korea of the Ministry of Unification are divided into before and after Kim Jong-Il era for the year of 1996 in which the curriculum revision has been conducted. They are stored as text files to analyse vocabularies using WordSmith Tools 7.0. The vocabulary size of the revised textbooks increased after the curriculum reorganization, but the number of vocabulary types and vocabulary diversity decreased. After the curriculum revision, it was found that lots of vocabulary related to the establishment of the Kim Jong-Il system appeared as the keyword. It was also found that some vocabularies reflected the economic and social life of North Korea. In addition, through comparison of the 100 high-frequency word list and keywords, it can be concluded that the vocabulary of the English textbooks of North Korea is gradually changing into communicative contents from contents related with written language.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.361-375
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• 2022

In this study, the vocabularies in elementary mathematics textbooks for grade 1-2 were analyzed according to 9-degree of semantic system. Also, the types of vocabulary were analyzed using general academic words, mathematics specific concept words, and mathematics general concept words. As a result, percentages of 1-degree and 2-degree vocabulary was the most in both grade 1 and 2 mathematics textbooks. It also shows that some of general academic words were 3-degree vocabulary and some of mathematics specific concept words were either unregistered or 1-degree vocabulary. In particular, general academic words, which are 3-degree vocabulary, may be unfamiliar to 1^st and 2^nd grade students. Therefore, students should be given the opportunity to guess and understand the contextual meaning of general academic words from the given contexts in textbooks. The frequency of use of mathematics general concept words in grade 2 textbook increased significantly compared to grade 1 textbook. Since mathematics general concept words are academic and technical vocabulary they should be taught explicitly. Based on the results of this study, implications for vocabulary instruction in mathematics textbooks were discussed.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.19-39
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• 2004

Mothers of 58 20-month-olds in Seoul, the Republic of Korea, completed vocabulary checklists for their children. When vocabulary level was taken into account, children's vocabularies contained relatively greater proportions of nouns than other word classes, and more verbs than adjectives or closed-class words. Correlations among word classes showed that each word class was consistently positively correlated with every other class. Girls' vocabularies showed evidence of being larger than boys. Large individual differences in the sizes of children's vocabularies were found. Factors that influence vocabulary size and can account for gender and individual differences are discussed. Noun prevalence in the vocabularies of children learning to speak Korean, and the merits of several theories that may account for this word-class prevalence pattern, are evaluated.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.329-350
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• 2017

This paper examined vocabulary used in elementary mathematics textbooks and workbooks for the grade band of 5~6. This study focused on the adequacy of vocabulary using 9-degree of semantic difficulty. The results of this study showed that most vocabulary in the textbooks and workbooks was adequate for the target grades. In some cases, however, vocabulary that was supposed to be difficult for the fifth and sixth graders was employed in a way that the meaning of such vocabulary was difficult for students to infer in the given context. The most frequent vocabularies in the main activities of the mathematics textbooks included 'method', 'investigate', 'number', 'communicate', and 'represent'. Based on these results, this study provides 5~6 grade textbook writers with implications on what to further consider in dealing with vocabulary in instructional materials.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.9
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• pp.265-270
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• 2017

This study purposed to investigate harmonic compositions and progressions that are appropriate for emotion vocabulary. In study 1, eight(8) professional music therapists were asked to provide harmonic compositions and progressions reflecting the tonal characteristics of emotion vocabulary and the rationales. Various attributes of harmonic compositions and progressions were examined and the content analysis were administered. In study 2, the obtained data on study 1 were evaluated by 124 music therapy and music majors for the validity. In the first study, analyzed results showed that 'happy' vocabulary utilized major, tonic, consecutive chord changes, 'angry' vocabulary utilized minor, augmented, $9^{th}$, $11^{th}$, unsolved $7^{th}$ chord progression, 'sad' vocabulary utilized minor, diminish, chromatic chord progressions. In the second study, there was statistically significant difference with 'happy' vocabulary. These results can provide basic evidences for musical ideas of harmonic compositions and progressions to better communicate emotional aspects of lyrical messages when composing melody in a song.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.43-53
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• 2012

The spread of smartphones, many educational applications have been developed. However, the existing educational applications, learning the simple and uniform, due to the way the needs of learners are given feedback after learning did not reflect the present problem is how. In this paper vocabulary learning applications to implement the existing application using the learners' needs, survey analysis, and analysis results to reflect the learner's motivation to continue the learners to self-built learning objectives according to the stages of learning tailored to the training schedule set up and made a systematic feedback learning vocabulary was designed and implemented applications.