• Title/Summary/Keyword: Vitis

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Preparation of High Quality Grape Seed Oil by Solvent Extraction and Chemical Refining Process (용매추출 및 화학적 정제법에 의한 고품질의 포도씨유의 제조)

  • Choi Sang-Won;Chung Ui-Seon;Lee Ki-Teak
    • Food Science and Preservation
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    • v.12 no.6
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    • pp.600-607
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    • 2005
  • This study was conducted to prepare high quality grape seed oils by solvent extraction and chemical refining process. Additionally, quantitative analysis of several functional components in grope seed was carried out to compare quality characteristics of grape seeds from grapes grown by conventional and organic agricultural practices. There are no significant differences in several functional constituents of grape seeds between conventionally cultivated- and organically cultivated-grapes, although some functional compositions of grape seeds are different between two cultivation methods. The dried grape seed was pretreated with roasting heating for 5 min, milled and then extracted twice with n-hexane under reflux at $50^{\circ}C$ for overnight, followed by filtration and evaporation. The crude grape seed oil was successively purified by degumming with $0.1\%\;H_3PO_4$, deaciding with $20\%\;NaOH$, and then decoloring and deodorization by a steam distillation, and thereby producing purified grape seed oil(yield: $5.0\%/dried$ grape seed). Physicochemical characteristics of the purified grape seed oil were comparable to those of the imported grape seed oils.

In Vitro Culture of Immature Embryo Obtained by Crossing between Tetraploid Grape 'Fujiminori' and Triploid 'Summer Black' (포도 4배체 '후지미노리'와 3배체 '썸머블랙'의 교배로 얻은 미숙배의 기내배양)

  • Koh, Jae Chul;Oh, Ju Eun
    • Horticultural Science & Technology
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    • v.31 no.3
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    • pp.352-358
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    • 2013
  • For the germination and differentiation of immature embryos obtained by artificial crossing between tetraploid grape 'Fujiminori' (Vitis vinifera ${\times}$ V. labruscana) and triploid 'Summer Black' (V. labruscana ${\times}$ V. vinifera), were incubated in vitro using MS medium supplemented with $GA_3$ or coconut water (CW) at various concentrations. The percentage of embryo formation of 'Fujiminori' ${\times}$ 'Summer Black' was 64.3%. Embryo germination percentage was higher than 95% in all the $GA_3$ treatments at the concentrations of 0.01, 0.05, 0.25, and $1.25mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$. However, only 15.8-31.6% of the germinated embryos successfully developed into normal plantlets. At higher concentration of $GA_3$, the plantlets developed infirm hypocotyls with over elongated and less enlarged structure. Among the treatments of CW at the concentrations of 5, 10, 15, and 20% (v/v), 10% and 15% were more effective and plantlet achievement percentage were 68.4 and 66.7%, respectively. The addition of 10% CW was most effective to obtain plantlets with optimal shoot length, node and root numbers. 15% CW was suitable to obtain plantlets with longer roots. Accordingly, the embryo culture using the MS medium supplemented with 10-15% CW was observed to be more efficient for germinating and growing the immature embryos produced from artificial crossing between tetraploid grape 'Fujiminori' and triploid 'Summer Black'.

Occurrence of Bunch Rot Disease Caused by Aspergillus tubingensis on Shine Muscat Grape (Aspergillus tubingensis에 의한 샤인머스켓 포도송이썩음병(가칭)의 발생)

  • Kim, Young Soo;Kwon, Hyeok Tae;Hong, Seung-Beom;Jeon, Yongho
    • Research in Plant Disease
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    • v.25 no.4
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    • pp.220-225
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    • 2019
  • During the year 2018, the symptoms of bunch rot on Shine Muscat (Vitis vinifera L.) were observed in Kimcheon-si, Gyeongbuk province in Korea. The disease appears on the Shine Muscat as a black rot due to prolific fungal sporulation after it has invaded into the Shine Muscat which look completely empty and dryness. Colonies of these fungi are present on the Shine Muscat skin from fruit setting and increase in amount from early season to harvest, while become peak at ripening stage. To isolate the causal agent, small fragments (2 to 3 mm) of decayed tissue from the lesion margin were placed onto potato dextrose agar (PDA) plates. Fungal colonies on PDA produced dense white aerial mycelium and then covered with dark black conidial heads. These heads were large and radiate, and vesicles were globose (2.12-32.0×2.0-3.1 ㎛). Based on morphological and cultural characteristics, this fungus was identified as Aspergillus tubingensis. To confirm its identity, the internal transcribed spacer, β-tubulin, and RNA polymerase II was sequenced for molecular identification. BLAST search indicated 99% identity with A. tubingensis. The pathogenicity test on healthy grape of Shine Muscat produced bunch rot, as the original symptoms. To select effective fungicides for the control of brunch rot, an in vitro antifungal activity of seven fungicides were evaluated against the growth of A. tubingensis. Five fungicides (dipenoconazole, tebuconazole, metconazole, iminoctadine, and captan) exhibited significantly strong suppression of the mycelial growth of A. tubingensis.

Elimination of Grapevine leafroll associated virus-3, Grapevine rupestris stem pitting associated virus and Grapevine virus A from a Tunisian Cultivar by Somatic Embryogenesis and Characterization of the Somaclones Using Ampelographic Descriptors

  • Bouamama-Gzara, Badra;Selmi, Ilhem;Chebil, Samir;Melki, Imene;Mliki, Ahmed;Ghorbel, Abdelwahed;Carra, Angela;Carimi, Francesco;Mahfoudhi, Naima
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • v.33 no.6
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    • pp.561-571
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    • 2017
  • Prospecting of local grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) germplasm revealed that Tunisia possesses a rich patrimony which presents diversified organoleptic characteristics. However, viral diseases seriously affect all local grapevine cultivars which risk a complete extinction. Sanitation programs need to be established to preserve and exploit, as a gene pool, the Tunisian vineyards areas. The presence of the Grapevine leafroll associated virus-3 (GLRaV-3), Grapevine stem pitting associated virus (GRSPaV) and Grapevine virus A (GVA), were confirmed in a Tunisian grapevine cultivar using serological and molecular analyses. The association between GRSPaV and GVA viruses induces more rugose wood symptoms and damages. For this reason the cleansing of the infected cultivar is highly advisable. Direct and recurrent somatic embryos of cv. 'Hencha' were successfully induced from filament, when cultured on $Ch{\acute{e}}e$and Pool (1987). based-medium, enriched with $2mg1^{-1}$ of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and $2.5mg1^{-1}$ of Thidiazuron, after 36 weeks of culture. After six months of acclimatization, RT-PCR carried on 50 somaplants confirmed the absence of GVA, GRSPaV as well as GLRaV-3 viruses in all somaplants. Ampelographic analysis, based on eight OIV descriptors, was carried out on two years acclimated somaplants, compared to the mother plant. Results demonstrated that the shape and contours of 46 somaclones leaves are identical to mother plant leaves and four phenotypically off-type plants were observed. The healthy state of 100% 'Hencha' somaclones and the high percentage of phenotypically true-to-type plants demonstrate that somatic embryogenesis is a promising technique to adopt for grapevine viruses elimination.

Effects of Calcium Concentrations of Coating Bag on Pericarp Structure and Berry Cracking in 'Kyoho' Grape (Vitis sp.) (괘대봉지의 칼슘 코팅농도가 '거봉'포도의 과피구조와 열과에 미치는 영향)

  • Choi, Hyo-Min;Son, In-Chang;Kim, Dae-Il
    • Horticultural Science & Technology
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    • v.28 no.4
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    • pp.561-566
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    • 2010
  • The effects of calcium concentrations of coating bag treatment to reduce berry cracking were investigated through the changes of pericarp structure and berry cracking rate in 'Kyoho' grape. The soluble solids and anthocyanin contents in harvested grapes were highest at $18.1^{\circ}Brix$ and $2.56{\mu}g{\cdot}cm^{-2}$ in non bagging group compared with those of calcium coating bag treatments. The firmness of pericarp was lowest in non bagging group ($1.18kg{\cdot}5mm^{-1}{\O}$) compared with bagging treatments (1.23, 1.24, 1.27, $1.35kg{\cdot}5mm^{-1}{\O}$) which increased effectively in proportion to calcium concentration. As a result of histological observation of the fruit skin, the bagging with higher calcium concentration developed thicker epidermal and sub-epidermal layer of cell wall than that of non bagging. Moreover, the strengthened berry skin of calcium treatments effectively decreased berry cracking rate under critical turgor pressure. However, the 9% calcium coating bag treatment which was the most effective for cracking reduction seriously decreased marketability of harvested grape with white color staining on berry skin caused by eluted calcium from the coated paper bag. Based on our results, we recommend that 6% calcium coating bag be available for berry cracking reduction and higher quality production.

Toxicity of various fruit tree extracts to five agricultural and four stored-product anthropod pests (다양한 과일나무에서 유래된 추출물의 농업해충 및 저장물해충에 대한 살충활성)

  • Lee, Sang-Guei;Park, Byeoung-Soo;Lee, Sung-Eun;Son, Jae-Gwon;Song, Cheol;Lee, Hoi-Seon
    • The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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    • v.5 no.4
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    • pp.27-32
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    • 2001
  • Methanol extracts from 43 materials of 17 fruit trees were tested for their insecticidal activities toward five agricultural and four stored-product anthropod pests. Efficacy varied with insect species, plant species, and tissue sampled. At a concentration of 2,500 ppm, strong activity was observed with extracts of Chaenomeles sinensis and Punica granatum seeds against Myzus persicae adult females, Vitis vinifera seeds against Nilaparvata lugens adults, Citrus junos, Citrus paradisi, Cucumis melo Linne var. reticulatus, Diospyros kaki, Malus pumila var. dulcissima, Prunug persica, and V. vinifera seeds against Plutella xylostella, Citrus sinensis seeds against Spedoptera litura larvae, and Ch. sinensis and V. vinifera against Tetranychus urticae adults. Against four stored-product insect pests at 50 ppm, seed extracts of Ch. sinensis and V. vinifera against Sitophilus oryzae adults, and Ch. sinensis, C. junos, D. kaki, and V. vinifera against Callosobruchus chinensis adults gave over 80% mortality. Extracts of all samples exhibited little and no activity against Lasioderma serricorne adults and Plodia interpunctella larvae.

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Effect of Bagging Technique on the Residue Patterns of Thiacloprid and Lufenuron in Grape fruit (Vitis labrusca L.) (포도 중 Thiacloprid와 Lufenuron의 유/무대 차이에 따른 잔류량 비교)

  • Jin, Yong-duk;Lim, Sung-Jin;Kim, Sang-Su;Choi, Geun-Hyoung;Lee, Hak-won;Jeong, Du-yun;Moon, Byung-Cheol;Ro, Jin-ho
    • The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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    • v.21 no.1
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    • pp.42-48
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    • 2017
  • This study was conducted to compare the effect of bagging technique on the presence of pesticide residues in various parts of grape fruit (whole fruit, pulp and peel). The tested pesticides were diluted at 2,000 times and sprayed three times onto the crops at an interval of seven days and then they were collected at 0, 1, 3, 5 and 7 days after final application. Later, bagging/non-bagging samples were pre-treated with fruit, pulp and peel samples, respectively. Thiacloprid and lufenuron were not detected in any of the bagging samples. The thiacloprid residues of non-bagging samples in whole, peel and pulp samples were 0.47-1.09, 0.18-0.33 and 1.24-1.67 mg/kg, respectively. The lufenuron residues of non-bagging samples in whole fruit, peel and pulp samples were 0.16-0.62, < LOD-0.08 and 0.85-1.48 mg/kg, respectively. The biological half-lives of thiacloprid and lufenuron in whole fruit, peel and pulp of non-bagging samples were 5.7, 15.1 and 7.8 days and 4.0, 9.4 and 2.6 days, respectively. While the unbagged samples showed a sequential decrease in pesticide residues, this study concludes that bagging would be an effective method to protect the presence of thiacloprid and lufenuron residues in grape fruits.

Understory Species Composition and Pinus densiflora Natural Regeneration in Pinus densiflora Stands Regenerated by Seed-Tree Method (소나무 모수림 시업지의 하층식생 종 조성과 소나무 천연갱신양상)

  • Byeon, Seong Yeob;Yun, Chung Weon
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.107 no.1
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    • pp.25-34
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    • 2018
  • This study was performed to discover the comparison of the understory species composition and the growth velocity of the regeneration seedlings in Pinus densiflora forests being managed by the seed-tree method from 2008 year. The investigation site located in Bonghwa, Gyeongsangbuk-do province was established by eighteen quadrats such as six control ones, six slope ones and 6 concave ones, in which we carried out the vegetation survey and measured annual height growth of each seedlings. As a result of vegetation analysis, the understory vegetation of the seed-tree forest area was mainly composed of shrub plants such as Lespedeza bicolor, Zanthoxylum schinifolium, Securinega suffruticosa, Lespedeza maximowiczii and Stephanandra incisa, herb plants such as Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens, Carex humilis var. nana, Spodiopogon sibiricus and Artemisia keiskeana, and vine plants such as Pueraria lobata, Smilax sieboldii, Dioscorea batatas, Actinidia arguta, Vitis amurensis and Rubus crataegifolius. Especially, the vine plants were relatively more imported to the concave site than the control site and the slope site. As a result of measurement of growth velocity, the seedlings of the Pinus densiflora appeared to be 3,175 trees/ha for the non-suppressed trees and 7,842 trees/ha for the suppressed trees. In cases of the concave site, individuals of seedlings were much lower than those on the slope site, probably due to the competition effects of vine plants. Consideringly, silvicultural practices for clearing the vine plants should be inevitably accompanied. Also, the growth velocity of the suppressed and non-suppressed trees has been constantly increasing, those of the non-suppressed trees much higher than the suppressed trees. This represents that the seedlings grow rapidly after the suppressed period with competition to the surrounding plants. Therefore, specific practices such as blush control and vine clear should be carried out at the beginning stage of regeneration in the seed-tree stand.

Effect of Natural Foods on the Inhibition of N-Nitrosodimethylamine Formation (천연식물성분이 N-Nitrosodimethylamine 생성억제에 미치는 영향)

  • 이수정;신정혜;정미자;성낙주
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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    • v.15 no.2
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    • pp.95-100
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    • 2000
  • The effect of natural foods, utilizing the extracts or juices of teas(Green tea; Camellia sinesis, Du'chung; Eucommia ulmoides Oliver), medicinal plants(Eu sung cho; Houttuynia cordata Thunb, Sam back cho; Saurus Chinensis, Baek hwa sa seal cho; Oldenladia diffusa Roxb.) seaweeds(Laver; Porphyra tenera, Sea mustard; Undaria pinnatifida, Sea staghorn; Condium fragile) and vegetables(Sweet pepper; Capsicum annuum var. angulosum, Kale; Brassia oleracea var.. acephala, Cucumber; Cucumis sativus, Onion; Allium cepa) and fruits(Tomato; Lycopericon esculentum, Maesil; Prunus mume, Plum; Prunus saticina and Grape; Vitis spp.)on the inhibition of N-Nitrosodimethylamine(NDMA) formation was investigated from the various conditions. The inhibition effect was observed in vitro using the reaction fluids of pH 1.2, 4.2 and 6.0. From the teas and medicinal plants, there was a positive response of NDMA formation; however, From the seaweed extracts, there was a negative response of the inhibition effect of NDMA formation, and as the pH of reaction fluids and the amount of materials increase, the inhibition of NDMA formation was strengthened. The inhibition ratios by the level of pH are as follows: under pH 1.2 vegetable juice were 57.6∼99.7% and fruits were 35.9∼99.7%; under pH 4.2 vegetable juice were 55.0∼97.5% and fruits were 21.3∼96.8%. All of the materials observed has been proved and shown the inhibition effect of NDMA formation.

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A Study on the Use and Extention of Native Species of Trees through the Field Survey of Present Status of Landscape -The Case Study on 38 Elementary, Middle and Schools in Iri city- (학교 조경수목 직재현황 조사를 통한 향토수종 이용 확대에 관한 연구 -이리시 초.中고등학교 38개교를 대상으로-)

  • 박영수;심경구
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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    • v.21 no.1
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    • pp.31-50
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    • 1993
  • This study was conducted to investigate the plants status of the woody landscape plants species of 38 elementary, middle, and high school in Iri city, and to obtain some fundamental information for development and use of native species of trees. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Landscape plants species of 38 elementary, middle and high school in Iri city was 55 families, 164 species, and 85, 045 trees and the average of landscape plants species of 17 elementary schools was 50.5 families, 3, 010 trees, on the other hand, middle and high school was 42.4 families, 1, 609 trees. 2. Plants species by type was Deciduous Broadleaved Tree 32.9%, Deciduous Broadleaved Shrub 25.6%, Evergreen Coniferous Tree 14.6%, Evergreen Broadleaved Shrub 9.7%, Vine 4.8%. Evergreen Trees on the other hand, according to the utilization rate 'others' was 32.2%. 3. The rate of plants species of the Evergreen Trees to the Deciduous (except Vine and 'others') was 34:66. on the other hand, rate of quantity was 50.5:49.5 and the rate of the trees to the shrubs(except Vine and 'others') was 58:42. to the plants species and to the quantity of the number of trees was 25.9:74.1. 4. Plants species of fruit plants of 38 elementary, middle and high school in Iri city was 31 species to the 164 species. The rate of frequency was Poncirus trifoliata 27.8%, Lycium chinense 25.1%, Ginkgo biloba 16.7%, to the quantity of the number of trees, fruit plants was 2, 605 trees to the 85, 045 trees and the frequency was 3%. 5. School trees and flowers of 38 elementary, middle and high school in Iri city were appointed 17 elementary school, on the other hand, middle and high schools were only 4 middle and high schools. Plants species of the best of frequency school tree was Zelkova serrata and school flower was Rosa spp.. 6. The rate of the native species to the introduced species was 73.8:26.2. on the other hand, the rate of quantity by the number of trees was 84.7:15.3 to the type, the rate of frequency of plants of native species Evergreen trees was Thuja orientalis, deciduous was Ginkgo biloba, Vine was Wisteria floribunda and 'others' was Sasa borealis. on the other hand, to the introduced species, Evergreen Trees was Juniperus chinensis. Deciduous Trees was Metasequoia glyptostroboides, and Vine was Vitis labrusca and 'others' was Phyllostachys pubescens. 7. As the fundament of the results of above the optimum selecting of woody landscape plants according to native species of trees was 29 families, 58 species. on the basis of 30 points, 28 points was 8 species Ginkgo biloba, Ulmus davidiana var. japonica, Parthenocissus tricuspidata, Elaeagnus umbellata, Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Weigela subsessilis, Koelreuteria paniculata, Lonicera japonica, 26 points was 27 species Thuja orientalis, Zelk ova serrata, Euonymus japonica etc., and 24 points was 23 species Populus tomen tiglandulosa, Juglans sinensis, Sophora japonica etc..

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