• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.173-178
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• 2002

본 연구는 표고버섯의 비타민 D$_2$함량을 증가시키기 위해 표고버섯의 자실체 안쪽에 자외선 B파를 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0 J/$\textrm{cm}^2$ 조사하여 버섯내 비타민 D$_2$함량 변화를 측정하였으며 열풍건조시 자외선 B파 조사 시기를 달리하여 천일건조 버섯과 열풍건조 버섯의 비타민 D$_2$함량의 변화를 비교하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 자외선 B파 조사 부위(자실체 안쪽과 바깥쪽)에 따른 표고버섯내 비타민 D$_2$함량은 각각 유의적인 차이가 있었다. 즉 버섯 자실체의 안쪽에 자외선 B파를 조사하였을 때 비타민 D$_2$함량이 더욱 증가하였다. 2. 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10.0 J/$\textrm{cm}^2$의 자외선 B파 조사로 비타민 D$_2$함량은 각각 21.51, 120.78, 144.38, 168.08, 187.69$\mu\textrm{g}$/g로 측정되었다. 즉 자외선 조사량에 의해 비타민 D$_2$함량도 유의적으로 증가하였다(p〈0.05). 3. 열풍건조시간에 따라 버섯내 비타민 D$_2$함량이 변화되어 열풍건조 시간이 길어질수록 비타민 D$_2$함량이 대조군에 비해 모두 유의적으로 감소하였다. 4. 자외선 B파 조사 & 열풍건조 복합군은 천일건조군과 열풍건조군 버섯에 비해 유의적으로 비타민 D$_2$함량이 증가하였다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.122-132
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• 2014

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the vitamin D status and to determine the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations and consumption frequencies of vitamin D rich foods in Korean adults and older adults. Methods: Subjects were 10,374 adults and 2,792 older adults participating in the 2008-2009 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Consumption frequencies of vitamin D rich foods were estimated by using a qualitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Eleven food items such as beef, egg, mackerel, tuna, yellow corvina, pollack, anchovy, mushroom, milk, yogurt, and ice cream were selected as vitamin D rich foods based on previous research. Results: The proportions of deficiency (< 12 ng/mL), inadequacy (12-20 ng/mL) and sufficiency (${\geq}20ng/mL$) of serum 25(OH)D concentrations from June to November and December to May in adults were 8.8%, 42.3%, 48.8%, and 28.2%, 52.8%, 19.1%, respectively. The proportions of deficiency, inadequacy and sufficiency of serum 25(OH)D concentrations from June to November and December to May in older adults were 10.1%, 32.4%, 57.5%, and 24.1%, 45.4%, 30.5%, respectively. The mean serum 25(OH)D concentrations in adults were positively related to the consumption frequencies of mackerel, anchovy, all fish, milk and milk dairy products. The mean serum 25(OH)D concentrations in older adults were positively related to the consumption frequencies of yellow corvina and negatively related to the consumption frequencies of ice cream. Conclusions: Our results suggest that Korean adults were more deficient in serum 25(OH)D concentrations than older adults. The consumption of vitamin D rich foods may affect vitamin D status in Korean adults. Further studies are required to confirm these findings.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.461-474
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• 2022

Objective: This experiment investigated the effects of supplementing vitamin D₃-fortified sow and progeny diets with 25(OH)D₃ on growth performance, carcass characteristics, immunity, and pork meat quality. Methods: The present study involved the assessment of supplementing the diet of sows and their progeny with or without 25 (OH)D₃ in a 2×2 factorial arrangement on the performance and production characteristics of wean-finish pigs. Forty-eight multiparous sows were assigned to a basal diet containing 2000 IU/kg vitamin D₃ and supplemented without (CON) or with (TRT) 50 ㎍/kg 25 (OH)D₃. At weaning, a total of 80 pigs each from CON and TRT sows were allocated to weaning and growing-finishing basal diets fortified with 2,500 and 1,750 IU/kg vitamin D₃ respectively and supplemented without or with 50 ㎍/kg 25(OH)D₃. Results: Sows fed 25(OH)D₃-supplemented diets improved pre-weaning growth rate of nursing piglets. A significant sow and pig weaning diet effect was observed for growth rate and feed efficiency (p<0.05) during days 1 to 42 post-weaning. Pigs consuming 25(OH)D₃-supplemented diets gained weight faster (p = 0.016), ate more (p = 0.044) and tended to convert feed to gain more efficiently (p = 0.088) than those fed CON diet between days 98 and 140 post-weaning. Supplemental 25(OH)D₃ improved water holding capacity and reduced drip loss of pork meat, increased serum 25(OH)D₃ level, produced higher interleukin-1 and lower interleukin-6 concentrations in blood circulation, downregulated myostatin (MSTN) and upregulated myogenic differentiation (MYOD) and myogenic factor 5 (MYF5) gene expressions (p<0.05). Conclusion: Supplementing vitamin D₃-fortified sow and wean-finish pig diets with 50 ㎍/kg 25(OH)D₃ significantly improved production performance suggesting their current dietary vitamin D₃ levels are insufficient. In fulfilling the total need for vitamin D, it is strongly recommended to add 50 ㎍/kg 25(OH)D₃ "on top" to practical vitamin D₃-fortified sow and wean-finish pig diets deployed under commercial conditions.

• Journal of Medicine and Life Science
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.31-33
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• 2019

Hypercalcemia is often seen in patients, but most of them showed mild to moderate hypercalcemia. The severe hypercalcemia with a blood calcium level of 14.0 mg/dL or more is known to be associated mainly with malignant tumors. Because this is emergency status, most clinicians tried to decrease serum calcium level to near normal range to improve symptoms related to hypercalcemia. A 71-year-old female patient visited the emergency room with dizziness and general weakness. Her serum calcium level was very high (15.6 mg/dL), but serum PTH, 25-OH vitamin D, and PTH related peptide were normal. We can exclude hyperparathyroidism, familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia, other connective tissue diseases, and hypercalcemia due to malignant tumors as a cause of severe hypercalcemia. Conclusively, we diagnosed as severe hypercalcemia due to high-dose vitamin D injections treated one week ago. High dose vitamin D injections have recently been shown to increase the frequency of prescription as the various causes and the clinicians needed to carefully monitor the serum calcium levels in the patients after treating with high dose vitamin D.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.369-376
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• 2017

Objectives: Dry eye disease (DED) is an increasingly important public health problem in Korea. Previous studies conducted in Korea have reported inconsistent results regarding the protective effects of vitamin D on DED, and these discrepancies may be related to the relatively simple questionnaire that has been used. Thus, we evaluated the association of serum vitamin D levels with DED using the ocular surface disease index (OSDI). Methods: The present study evaluated data from participants in the Study Group for Environmental Eye Disease (2014-2015). This group included data from 752 participants, and data from 740 participants (253 men and 487 women) were analyzed in the present study. DED severity was evaluated using the OSDI. Results: Higher serum vitamin D levels were associated with a non-significantly reduced risk of DED in the crude analysis (odds ratio [OR], 0.991; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.971 to 1.011) and in the adjusted analysis (OR, 0.988; 95% CI, 0.966 to 1.010). In the crude analysis of no/mild DED vs. moderate/severe DED, men exhibited a decreased risk with increasing serum vitamin D levels (OR, 0.999; 95% CI, 0.950 to 1.051), while women exhibited an increased risk (OR, 1.003; 95% CI, 0.979 to 1.027). In these analyses, we found no significant associations. Conclusions: The findings of the present study support previous reports that serum vitamin D levels are not associated with DED.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.222-230
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• 2019

Intestinal barrier dysfunction always accompanies cirrhosis in patients with advanced liver disease and is an important contributor facilitating bacterial translocation (BT), which has been involved in the pathogenesis of cirrhosis and its complications. Several studies have demonstrated the protective effect of Vitamin D on intestinal barrier function. However, severe cholestasis leads to vitamin D depletion. This study was designed to test whether vitamin D therapy improves intestinal dysfunction in cirrhosis. Rats were subcutaneously injected with 50% sterile $CCl_4$ (a mixture of pure $CCl_4$ and olive oil, 0.3 mL/100 g) twice a week for 6 weeks. Next, $1,25(OH)_2D_3$ ($0.5{\mu}g/100g$) and the vehicle were administered simultaneously with $CCl_4$ to compare the extent of intestinal histologic damage, tight junction protein expression, intestinal barrier function, BT, intestinal proliferation, apoptosis, and enterocyte turnover. Intestinal heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression and oxidative stress were also assessed. We found that vitamin D could maintain intestinal epithelial proliferation and turnover, inhibit intestinal epithelial apoptosis, alleviate structural damage, and prevent BT and intestinal barrier dysfunction. These were achieved partly through restoration of HO-1 and inhibition of oxidative stress. Taken together, our results suggest that vitamin D ameliorated intestinal epithelial turnover and improved the integrity and function of intestinal barrier in $CCl_4$-induced liver cirrhotic rats. HO-1 signaling activation was involved in these above beneficial effects.

• Clinical Nutrition Research
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.269-282
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• 2023

Vitamin D participates in the biological function of the innate and adaptive immune system and inflammation. We aim to specify the effectiveness of the vitamin D supplementation on the side effects BioNTech, Pfizer vaccination, and immunoglobulin G response against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in subjects tested positive for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this multi-center randomized clinical trial, 498 people tested positive for COVID-19 were divided into 2 groups, receiving vitamin D capsules or a placebo (1 capsule daily, each containing 600 IU of vitamin D) over 14-16 weeks. Anthropometric indices and biochemical parameters were measured before and after the second dose of vaccination. Fourteen to 16 weeks after supplementation, the intervention group had an immunoglobulin G (IgG) increase of 10.89 ± 1.2 g/L, while the control group had 8.89 ± 1.3 g/L, and the difference was significant between both groups (p = 0.001). After the second dose of vaccination, the supplement group significantly increased their 25-hydroxy vitamin D from initially 28.73 ± 15.6 ng/mL and increased to 46.48 ± 27.2 ng/mL, and the difference between them was significant. Those with a higher body mass index (BMI) had the most of symptoms, and the difference of side effects according to BMI level was significantly different. In 8 weeks after supplementation obese participants had the lowest IgG levels than overweight or normal subjects. The proportion of all types of side effects on the second dose was significantly diminished compared with the first dose in the intervention group. Supplementation of 600 IU of vitamin D3 can reduce post-vaccination side effects and increase IgG levels in participants who received BioNTech, Pfizer vaccine.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.297-304
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• 1998

Cigarette smoking is a well known risk factor for cardiovascular disease and has negative effects on blood lipid and lipoprotein . Some of the associations between smoking and chronic disease can be attributed to the less healthful lifestyles of smokers. A large body of epidemiologic evidence suggests inverse relationships between ischemic heart disease and plasma vitamin C and E concentrations . Smokers have lower plasma concentrations of these vitamins than do nonsmokers. Smokers therefore need antioxidant vitamin supplementation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect vitamin supplementation on plasma lipid patterns in smoking college men. 24subjects were divided into 3 groups of which were the vitamin C supplementation group (n=8), the vitamin E supplementation group(n=8) and the vitamin C+E supplementation group(n=8). The vitamin C supplementation group consumed 500mg of ascorbic acid, the vitamin E supplementation group consumed 200IU of D-$\alpha$-tocopherol, and the vitamin C+E supplementation group consumed 500mg of ascorbic acid+ 200IU of D-$\alpha$-tocopherol for 4 weeks. We examined the plasma lipid patterns before and after the vitamins were supplemented. The results obtained were as follows ; In the vitamin C supplementation group, the concentration of total cholesterol decreased significantly and HDL-cholesterol increased significantly with the supplementation of vitamin. In the vitamin E and vitamin C+E supplementation groups, however, there were no significant differences observed with the supplementation of vitamin. Concentration of plasma LDL, triglyceride, free fatty acid were not significantly affected by the supplementation of vitamin in all groups. In terms of plasma fatty acid composition, the concentrations of saturated fatty acid were not significantly affected by the supplementation of vitamin in all groups. The concentrations of palmitoleic acid, arachidonic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid, however, significantly increased in the vitamin E supplementation group(p<0.05). The concentration of plasma linoleic acid significantly increased in the vitamin C+ E supplementation group)(p<0.05). The results of this study show that antioxidant vitamin supplementation in smokers has a tendency to decrease coronary heart disease risk in view of the plasma total cholestrol and HDL-cholesterol concentrations of the vitamin C supplementation group and fatty acid concentration of the vitamin E supplementation group.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.139-148
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• 2021

아토피피부염은 성인 및 어린이에서 모두 발생할 수 있지만, 특히 어린이에게서 많이 발병하는 질환으로 만성, 재발성, 염증성 피부질환이며, 심한 가려움증을 동반해 일상생활을 힘들게 한다. 현재까지 아토피피부염에 대한 치료법은 스테로이드성 연고를 도포하는 것뿐이지만, 많은 환자들은 스테로이드 장기 사용에 의한 부작용을 겁내고, 이는 스테로이드 포비아로까지 번지고 있어 아토피피부염의 완화를 위한 천연 대체재가 절실한 상황이다. 과거 뼈 건강과 칼슘 대사만을 담당하는 것으로 알려져 왔던 비타민 D가 면역조절에서 있어서 중요한 역할을 담당한다는 사실이 밝혀지며, 대표적인 알레르기성 질환의 하나인 아토피피부염과 비타민 D 사이의 상관관계를 분석한 연구가 다수 보고되었다. 아토피피부염의 발병 또는 중증도는 다양한 원인이 복합적으로 작용한다고 알려져 있다. 많은 연구들이 이러한 변수들을 통제하지 않고 단면조사연구로 진행되었기에 발표된 연구들 간에 상충성이 존재하지만 과반수 이상의 연구결과들이 유의적인 상관관계를 보고하고 있고, 인구집단을 특정하였을 때, 상관관계를 보였다는 연구 결과를 토대로 하면 혈중 비타민 D 농도와 아토피 피부염의 발생 또는 중증도 사이에는 약한 상관관계가 있을 가능성이 있는 것으로 생각된다. 그러나 명확한 상관관계를 파악하기 위해서는 다양한 변수를 통제한 연구가 진행되어야 할 것으로 생각된다. 최근에는 혈중 비타민 D 농도와 아토피피부염 간의 관계를 파악하기 위해 단면조사연구보다는 아토피피부염 환아에게 직접 비타민 D를 투여 후 질환의 개선효과를 확인하는 무작위대조군 연구가 많이 시도되고 있다. 본 논문에서 검토한 논문 중 70%는 경구로 1000-5000 IU의 비타민 D를 21일-3개월 투여 시 아토피피부염의 중증도가 유의적으로 개선되었음을 보고하였다. 연구들 간의 상충성은 연령, 계절, 위도, 자외선 선량 및 자외선 조사 시간 등 다양한 변수들이 작용하였기 때문이라 생각된다. 다소 상반되는 연구결과들이 있지만, 비타민 D가 아토피피부염을 유의적으로 개선하였다는 결과들은 아토피피부염을 비롯한 알레르기성 질환의 완화에 있어서 비타민 D의 활용 가능성을 제시하고 있다. 비타민 D를 아토피피부염 개선을 위한 치료제로서 적용하기 위해서는 좀 더 체계적으로 설계된 실험이 진행되어야 할 것으로 생각되며, 면역조절기능을 위한 적절한 섭취용량이 도출되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.387-395
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• 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Recent studies showed vitamin D deficiency is linked to chronic diseases in addition to skeletal metabolism which could threaten the elderly. We analyzed health conditions and socio-demographic factors associated with vitamin D deficiency in community dwelling people aged 65 years and older. SUBJECTS/METHOD: Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2010 to 2012 were obtained. A total of 2,687 subjects aged 65 years and older were participated. The cutoff value of the Vitamin D deficiency was considered as serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] ${\leq}20ng/mL$ (50 nmol/L). RESULTS: The overall prevalence rate of vitamin D deficiency in the elderly was 62.1%. The factors such as female, obesity, metabolic syndrome, current smoker, and skipping breakfast were positively associated with vitamin D deficiency, but high intensity of physical activity and more than 9 hours of sleep duration were negatively associated with vitamin D deficiency (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: It is important that health professions know that the factors proved in this study are connected to vitamin D deficiency thus provide information and intervention strategies of vitamin D deficiency to old aged people.