• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.581-587
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• 2003

This study was designed to examine the effect of icroencapsulated iron fortified drink yogurt and vitamin C as a bioavailable helper of iron on chemical and sensory aspects during 20 d storage. Coating material was polyglycerol monostearate (PGMS), and ferric ammonium sulfate and vit C were selected as core materials. The highest efficiency of microencapsulation of iron and vit C were 73% and 95%, respectively, with 5:1:50 ratio (w/w/v) as coating to core material to distilled water. Iron fortification did not affect the fermentation time required for the drink yogurt to reach pH 4.2. The addition of uncapsulated iron decreased the pH during storage. TBA absorbance was significantly lower in capsulated treatments than in uncapsulated treatments during storage. In sensory aspect, the yogurt sample added with uncapsulated iron and vit C, regardless of capsulation, showed a significantly high score of astringency, compared with those of control and other groups. A significantly strong sourness was observed in treatment containing capsulated iron and uncapsulated vitamin C at every time interval. The present study provides evidence that microencapsulation of iron with PGMS is effective for iron fortification in drink yogurt.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.119-125
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• 1991

Hypervitaminosis A occurred in about 30% of foxes of five farms in Choongcheongbukdo-province from October 1989 to February 1990. Clinical signs were loss of appetite, retarded growth, lameness. Radiological changes were decreased density of the long bones, especially fibula, and osteophytes developed either on the lateral condyle of humerus or ulnar just below the semilunar notch. Pathological change was the development of exotosis as is evidenced by radiological examination. Pig liver and lung consisted 30∼55% of feeds from March 1989 to February 1990. The serum concentrations of vitamin A in 2 affected foxes were 45,900 and 47,300 IU/d$\ell$ and the concentrations of vitamin A in the liver were 8,760 and 10,842 IU/gm respectively. It is concluded that the high level of vitamin A in the pig liver and the large amount of pig liver in the feed composition are the etiology of the disease.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.234-239
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• 2010

Effects of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and vitamin E (VE) supplementation in the diet of breeder hens on the egg quality and hatchability, lipid peroxides of the egg yolk, and development of the newly-hatched offspring chicks were investigated. A total of 800 Avian 48, 28 wk-old broiler breeders were assigned randomly to 4 groups with 4 replicates of 45 females and 5 males. Each group was fed one of the following four diets with different oil sources and levels of VE: corn oil (CO), fish oil (FO), CO+VE and FO+VE. The results showed that: i) Addition of FO in the breeder diet reduced the whole egg weight, yolk weight, albumen weight, yolk color score and neonatal offspring chick body weight without affecting the hatchability as compared to the CO treatment. ii) Addition of VE efficiently reduced the lipid peroxides of egg yolk from hens fed diets containing FO. iii) VE in the breeder diet significantly promoted the development of liver and heart of the chick offspring.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.296-302
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• 1990

This study was conducted to investigate the interaction of aflatoxin B$_1$($AFB_1$) and vitamin D$_3$($VD_3$) in broiler chicks. The 336 broiler chicks(Hubbard line) of equally mixed sex were allocated to triplicate 8(2$\times$4 factorial) treatment groups. The 0 or 1ppm of AFB$_1$and 0, 500, 1,000 or 1,500IU/kg of VD$_3$ were supplemented to the basal diet Fourteen broilers of equally mixed sex were allocated to each replica and 24 groups were arranged in a randomized block design After 3 weeks of feeding the metatarsus were collected from the right and left legs of 4 chicks (2 for each sex) per group. The bone ash and minerals were measured. 1. In respect to the fresh weight of metatarsus bone no significant difference was found between 0 and 1ppm $AFB_1$ treatments, however, decreasing trend was recognized when fed increasing level of $VD_3$(P＜.01). 2. The ash content in non－fat dry metatarsus bone decreased when fed 1ppm $AFB_1$(P＜.01). However, that increased according to the increasing amount of $VD_3$(P＜.01). Although there was no interaction between $AFB_1$ and $VD_3$ it was shown that the 1500IU/kg of $VD_3$ was neccessary to cover the decrease in ash content of metatarsus. when fed 1ppm of $AFB_1$. 3. The Ca contents in metatarsus were not influenced by feeding $AFB_1$ but an increasing trend was verified by feeding increasing levels of $VD_3$(P＜.05). 4. The P content decreased as $AFB_1$ was fed(P＜.01), while no response was found when fed'different levels of $VD_3$ 5. The Cu content decreased when fed $AFB_1$(P＜.05). 6. The Na, Mg, K, Zn, Fe and Mn contents were not affected by feeding $AFB_1$ and /or $VD_3$.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.300-309
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• 2021

This study was conducted to develop food and medicinal products containing useful components of Lentinula edodes in Codonopsis lanceolata and Platycodon grandiflorus for use as herbal medicine. We manufactured C. lanceolata (FCLM) and P. grandiflorus (FPLM) extract fermented with L. edodes mycelium. The effect of the two fermented products on proximate composition, free sugar, organic acid, 𝛽-glucan, ergothioneine, ergosterol, and vitamin D₂ levels, and 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cell growth were studied. The proximate composition analysis results showed that the crude fiber and crude fat content in FCLM was higher than that in FPLM, and the crude protein and soluble nitrogen content in FPLM was higher than that in FCLM. Free sugar analysis detected arabinose, glucose, and sucrose in both FCLM and FPLM, and the total free sugar content was high in FPLM. The organic acid content was lower in FCLM and FPLM compared to C. lanceolata and P. grandiflorus before fermentation. The 𝛽-glucan content was higher than that of L. edodes used as a control in both fermented products, FCLM and FPLM. The content of ergothioneine, an antioxidant, was higher in FCLM than in FPLM. Ergosterol content was highest in L. edodes which was used as a control, and the two fermented products showed similar content. Vitamin D₂ was detected only in FCLM and FPLM, and FPLM (0.58±0.01 mg%) showed a higher vitamin D₂ content than FCLM (0.47±0.01). FCLM and FPLM showed a higher level of cell viability for 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes compared to non-fermented C. lanceolata and P. grandiflorus. In addition, FCLM and FPLM inhibited 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation more than C. lanceolata and P. grandiflorus before fermentation, which may exert an anti-obesity effect.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2004.05b
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• pp.419-423
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• 2004

하상변동은 유속에 의해 얻어지는 전단력에 직접적으로 영향을 받게 된다. 특히 교대나 교각, 그 밖에 수제공 등을 비롯한 수공구조물의 설치에 의하여 흐름단면이 급격히 감소되는 구간에서는 이러한 현상이 매우 활발하게 일어나게 되는데 이는 국부세굴의 직접적인 원인이 되기도 한다. 본 논문에서는 단면축소에 기인한 유속증가에 의해서 발생되는 국부세굴현상을 2차원 유한요소 모델을 사용하여 모의하고 주변의 전반적인 하상변동현상을 규명해 보았다. 먼저 2차원 흐름모형으로부터 유속성분을 구하고 전단력을 구한 다음 소류사 이동공식을 적용한 하상토 보존방정식을 풀이함으로써 국부세굴에 따른 하상의 변동을 수치모델로 예측할 수 있게 된다. 본 논문에서는 유한요소법을 이용, 하상토 보존방정식을 계산한 다음 일정시간동안 모델수행을 통해서 변동이 거의 없을 때까지 하상의 변동사항을 순차적으로 모의하고 예측해 보았다. 적합한 구간을 선정하여 단면축소에 기인한 유속증가로 인한 국부 세굴을 모의하기 위하여 본 모델을 개발, 적용하였다. 미국 미시시피 강에서 Lock & Dam No. 26을 교체하는 제 1단계 작업 중 물막이댐 건설로 인하여 흐름단면이 약 $50\%$ 감소하게 된다. 주로 단면축소 구간을 적용대상으로 선정하여 물막이댐 주변의 하상변동을 모의한 다음 실제 관측치와 비교하여 본 모델의 효용성을 입증하였다. 모형은 기본적으로 유한요소법을 이용해서 하상토 보존 방정식을 풀이한 것으로 van Rijn 소류사 이동공식을 적용하였다. 세굴현상에 기인한 수심증가로 인한 전단력 감소현상도 흐름의 연속조건을 도입하여 모의가능 하게끔 작성하였다.. 상대적으로 적은 것으로 분석되었다. 이번 연구를 통하여 WEP 모형이 유역 물순환 해석에 적절한 모형임을 확인할 수 있었으면, 향후 청계천 유역의 물리적 특성에 대한 매개변수와 인공계 물순환 자료의 보완을 통해 보다 향상된 모의가 가능할 것으로 판단된다. 하였던 Cd과 Mg이 Ca 및 Ca과 vitamin D의 동시(同時) 급여(給與)로 감소(減少)하였고 Cu는 전체적(金體的)으로 변화(變化)가 없었으며 Zn은 Cd 급여(給與)로 감소(減少)하였으나 Ca과 vitamin D의 급여(給與)에 의하여 증가(增加)하였고 Ca은 Ca과 viamin D의 급여(給輿)로 유의(有意)하게 증가(增加)하였다. 신장(腎臟)중의 무기질(無機質) 함량(含量)은 Cd급여(給輿)로 Cu, Mg은 감소(滅少)하였으나 Ca, Zn은 변화(變化)가 없었고 Ca 및 Ca과 Vitamin D의 급여(給與)로 Cd, CU, Zn은 증가(增加)하였다.ce area)는 수술 전100.8$\pm$25.6 mm/$m^{2}$에서 79.3$\pm$ 15.8 mm/$m^{2}$로 감소한 소견을 보였다. 승모판 성형술은 전 승모판엽 탈출증이 있는 두 환아에서 동시에 시행하였다. 수술 후 1년 내 시행한 심초음파에서 모든 환아에서 단지 경등도 이하의 승모판 폐쇄 부전 소견을 보였다. 수술 후 조기 사망은 없었으며, 합병증으로는 유미흉이 한 명에서 있었다. 술 후 10개월째 허혈성 확장성 심근증이 호전되지 않아 Dor 술식을 시행한 후 사망한 예를 제외한 나머지 6명은 특이 증상 없이 정상 생활 중이다 결론:

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.33-43
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• 2023

This study compared the nutritional composition of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss from different inland-based trout farms. The proximate composition ranges of the fish were 67.10-72.77 g/100 g moisture, 19.13-21.35 g/100 g crude protein, 5.12-11.72 g/100 g crude lipid, and 1.24-1.97 g/100 g ash. In addition, rainbow trout contained significantly different mono- and poly-unsaturated fatty acid concentrations, ranging from 1.31 to 4.33 g/100 g and 1.21 to 3.2 g/100 g, respectively. The content of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids ranged from 0.68 to 1.68 and from 0.49 to 1.61 g/100 g, respectively. The n-6/n-3 ratio was in the range of 0.79-1.59. The vitamin content of the rainbow trout from the different farms was 14.83-49.30 ㎍/100 g vitamin A, 922.05-3,179.38 ㎍/100 g alpha-tocopherol, ND-73.59 ㎍/100 g, gamma-tocopherol, 2.97-14.55 ㎍/100 g vitamin D, and 76.63-126.03 ㎍/100 g vitamin B₂. Slight differences were observed in the crude lipid, fatty acid, and vitamins A and E contents among the of rainbow trouts from the different farms. The results suggest that the fish nutrient composition, especially that of lipids, was significantly different among rainbow trouts from different farms, but may not be related to the production area.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.37 no.7
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• pp.540-549
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• 2004

Infants and children with food related Atopic Dermatitis (AD) need extra dietary efforts to maintain optimal nutrition due to food restriction to prevent allergy reactions. However, nutrition ignorance and food faddism make patients even more confused and practice desirable diet more difficult. The objective of this study was to report the AD patients' malnutrition cases in Korea. We report on 2 cases of severe nutritional deficiency caused by consuming macrobiotic diets which avoid processed foods and most animal foods, i.e. one of vegetarian diet. Case 1, a 12-month-old male child, was admitted with severe marasmus. Because of a history of AD, he was started on mixed grain porridge at 3 months without any breast milk or formula feeding. His caloric intake was 66% and protein intake was 69% of the recommended dietary allowance. Patient's height and weight was under 3th percentile. On admission the patient was unable to crawl or roll over. Case 2, a 9-month-old AD female patient, was diagnosed with kwashiorkor and rickets. She was also started on mixed grain porridge at 100 days due to AD. Her caloric intake has been satisfied recommended dietary allowance until 7 months, however, she conducted sauna bath therapy and reduced both energy and protein intake at 8 months. The amount of protein intake for case 2 was higher than recommended dietary allowance, but, sauna therapy and severe AD with intakes of low guality protein may increase patient's protein requirement resulting in kwashiorkor. Case 2 patient's height and weight was on 3th percentile. Both cases showed low intake of calcium, iron, zinc, vitamin A, vitamin E and especially very low intake of vitamin B$_{12}$ and vitamin D. Allergy tests for certain foods had not done prior to admission for both cases. They followed the dietary advise operated by macrobiotic diet internet site. In conclusion, AD infants' parents and caregivers should contact a pediatrician trained as a specialist in allergy for accurate diagnosis. For infant patients, breast or formula feeding including hypoallergenic formula should be continued until their one year of age. When certain foods need to be restricted or to follow special diets such as vegetarian diet, consultation with pediatrician and dietitian is needed.d.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.127-139
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• 2007

This research was peformed to investigate the anthropometric data, blood profiles, and nutrient intakes of elderly persons living in a rural area. The subjects were 67 undernourished people who participated in follow-up nutrition intervention programs for9 weeks. Anthropometric data showed that the mean heights and weights in the management group were 157.6 cm and 59.1 kg, respectively, for the males and 152.6 cm and 51.0 kg, respectively, for the females. The mean BMIs of the management group were 23.8 kg/m$^2$ in the males and 22.4 kg/m$^2$ in the females. The total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and albumin levels of the subjects were 181.7-191.4mg/dL, 48.3-53.0mg/dL, and 3.85-4.00g/dL, respectively. Energy, ash, P, Na, vitamin B$_1$, vitamin B$_2$, vitamin B$_6$, and niacin increased significantly after intervention for the management group. The mINQ, however, did not significantly increase after intervention. Also after intervention, there was no significant difference in mINQ between the management group and the comparison group. MAR (14) in the management group was significantly increased from 0.62${\pm}$0.2 before intervention to 0.68${\pm}$0.2 after intervention (p=0.022), and it was significantly different between the management group and the comparison group (p=0.017). MAR (8) in the management group was not significantly different (p=0.915) before and after intervention. However, MAR (8) between the management group and the comparison group did show a significant difference (p=0.031). MAR (3) in the management group was significantly increased from 0.48${\pm}$0.2 before intervention to 0.55${\pm}$0.2 after intervention (p=0.045), however, MAR (3) was not significantly different between the management group and the comparison group (p=0.093). For the probability of nutrient insufficiency, in the management group the probability of nutrient values below the EAR (except for Fe) decreased after intervention compared to before intervention. On the other hand, the probabilities of values above the RI, or EAR${\sim}$RI, were increased

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.1060-1063
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• 2007

The antioxidative activity of Alpinia oxyphylla was investigated through measuring the radical scavenging effect on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and inhibitory activity for linoleic acid peroxidation. Two antioxidative diarylheptanoids, yakuchinone A (1) and oxyphyllacinol (2), were isolated from the fruits of A. oxyphylla using thin layer chromatography (TLC) autographic assays. The DPPH scavenging activities of the compounds ($IC_{50}=1$, $57{\pm}2.1\;{\mu}M$; 2, $89{\pm}3.1\;{\mu}M$) were lower than vitamin C ($IC_{50}=51{\pm}1.1\;{\mu}M$), but higher than butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT, $IC_{50}=99{\pm}2.2\;{\mu}M$). Also, inhibitory activities for linoleic acid peroxidation of the compounds ($IC_{50}=1$, $0.19{\pm}0.011\;mM$; 2, $0.31{\pm}0.009\;mM$) were higher than those of vitamin C ($IC_{50}=0.59{\pm}0.017\;mM$) and BHT ($IC_{50}=0.52{\pm}0.014\;mM$). In addition the $^{13}C-NMR$ data of oxyphyllacinol (2) have been first reported in this paper.