• IMMUNE NETWORK
• /
• v.12 no.5
• /
• pp.189-195
• /
• 2012

It has been reported that vitamin C plays an effective role in the treatment and prevention of cancer, but its specific mechanisms are still largely unknown. The incidence of colon cancer is now increasing in Korea. Therefore, we have examined here the effect of vitamin C on the induction of the apoptosis on colon cancer and its related mechanisms. We have found that remarkable increase of the apoptosis and the calcium influx in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in human colon cancer cell line, HCT-8. However, vitamin C-induced apoptosis was effectively inhibited by the pre-treatment of BAPTA-AM (1,2-bis(o-aminophenoxy) ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid), which is well-known as a calcium specific chelator. During the apoptosis, we found the increase of the translocation of Bad to mitochondria from cytosol, after releasing from 14-3-$3{\beta}$. In this process, the expression of Bax, a well-known pro-apoptotic protein, was also increased. Taken together, vitamin C induces apoptosis of colon cancer cell line, HCT-8 through the increase of 1) the calcium influx in endoplasmic reticulum (ER), 2) the translocation of Bad to mitochondria, and 3) the expression of Bax.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.528-543
• /
• 1993

Vitamin E, which has its advocates in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. autoimmune disease, cancer and peripheral vascular and thromboembolic disease, has now been alleged to have a powerful antioxident effect and to affect various biological activities such as fertility factor, inhibition of human platelet aggregation and stabilization of biological membranes. The present study was designed to test whether vitamin I(alpha-tocopherol) can : (1) enhance the hemagglutinin response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC), (2) modulate Arthus and delayed type hypersensitivity(DTH) to SRBC and contact hypersensitivity to dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB). (3) enhance the mitogenic response of murine splenocyte, (4) decrease the recovery of Cryptococcus neoformans from brain, lung, liver, spleen and kidney of infected mice and (5) have an inhibitory or enhancing effect on the induction of active systemic anaphylaxis(ASA) induced by chicken-gamma globulin (CGG) in mice. Mice were given either intramuscular injections of 0.3ml (300mg) of vitamin I before immunization or were infection for 10 consecutive days or were given by vitamin I esophageal intubation, 0.1ml(100mg), for 20 days before sacrifice for the mitogenic response experiments. It was found that vitamin E treated mice showed a significant enhancement in hemagglutinin response, Arthus reaction and DTH to SRBC and contact hypersensitivity to DNFB. There was no significant difference in the mitogenic response to phytohemagglutinin(PHA), but the response to concanavalin A(ConA) or pokeweed mitogem(PWM) was increased in vitamin E-treated mice. Interestingly, the vitamin E administration before C. neoformans infection decreased significantly the recovery of C. neoformans from brain lung, liver, spleen and kidney of the infected mice as compared with that of the control mice, strongly suggesting that vitamin E pretreatment may increase the resistance of mice to the fungal infection. Unexpectedly, vitamin E administration enhanced the production of CGG -induced ASA. Taken together, it can be concluded that vitamin I administration may in-crease the humoral and cellular immune response and resistance. to C. neoformans infection, but enhance the induction of ASA to CGG. Further studies are necessary to clarify the underlying mechanism accounting for these effects.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.420-425
• /
• 2007

This study was conducted to find out the effect of vitamin C treatments on the storability of several baby vegetables; endive, green romaine lettuce, pak-choi, red romaine, lollo rosa, and ssamchoo. The vitamin C was treated by the foliar spray which was carried out 3 times before harvest or dipping in vitamin C solution for 5 minutes after harvest. The vitamin C contents of 6 different baby vegetables were higher in vitamin C treatments than control, whereas the difference of vitamin C content between treatments was disappeared after storage. The fresh weight of ssamchoo and lollo rosa lettuce treated by vitamin C was maintained higher than that of control. There was not significant difference in visual quality among treatments, though some of baby vegetables treated by washing with vitamin C showed better visual quality than the others. The contents of carbon dioxide, oxygen and ethylene in MAP with baby vegetables did not show any difference among treatments. As the result, high concentrated vitamin C treatment, such as the foliar spray and washing (dipping) had a role of increasing functionality, but the enhanced functionality, high vitamin C, did not affect storability in baby vegetables.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.14 no.8
• /
• pp.4627-4634
• /
• 2013

Chemoprotection refers to the use of specific natural or synthetic chemical agents to suppress or prevent the progression to cancer. The purpose of this study is to assess the protective effect of aspirin, vitamin C or zinc in a dimethyl hydrazine (DMH) colon carcinoma model in rats and to investigate the effect of these supplements on changes associated with colonic zinc status. Rats were randomly divided into three groups, group 1 (aspirin), group 2 (vitamin C) and group 3 (zinc), each being subdivided into two groups and given subcutaneous injection of DMH (30 mg/kg body wt) twice a week for 3 months and sacrificed at 4 months (A-precancer model) and 6 months (B-cancer model). Groups 1, 2, 3 were simultaneously given aspirin, vitamin C, or zinc supplement respectively from the beginning till the end of the study. It was observed that 87.5% of rats co-treated with aspirin or vitamin C showed normal colonic histology, along with a significant decrease in colonic tissue zinc at both time points. Rats co-treated with zinc showed 100% reduction in tumor incidence with no significant change in colonic tissue zinc. Plasma zinc, colonic CuZnSOD (copper-zinc superoxide dismutase) and alkaline phosphatase activity showed no significant changes in all 3 cotreated groups. These results suggest that aspirin, vitamin C or zinc given separately, exert a chemoprotective effect against chemically induced DMH colonic preneoplastic progression and colonic carcinogenesis in rats. The inhibitory effects are associated with maintaining the colonic tissue zinc levels and zinc enzymes at near normal without significant changes.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.29 no.8
• /
• pp.881-888
• /
• 1996

The purpose of this study was to determine whether vitamin B6(B6) deficiency affects fuel utilization and blood cholesterol profile with exercise-training. Twenty-four rats were fed a B6 deficient(-B6) diet or a control (+B6) diet for 5 weeks and either exercised(EX) or nonexercised (NE). EX rats were exercised on treadmill(10$^{\circ}$, 0.5-0.8km/h) for 20 minutes everyday. Glucose(GLU), glycogen (GLY), protein(PRO), trglyceride(TG), free fatty acid(FFA), total cholesterl(TC), HDL-cholesterol(HDL-C) and LDL-choleterol(LDL-C) were compared in plasma(P), liver(L) and skeletal muscle(M) of rats. There was a vitamin effect on the level of P-GLU, P-TG, M-TG, L-GLY, L-PRO and an exercise effect on the level of P-PRO, P-FFA, M-PRO, L-GLY, L-TG, P-TC, P-HDL-C, P-LDL-C. Compared to +B6 rats were lower and there were no differences in P-GLU, P-FFA, P-TG. M-GLY, L-TG, P-TC and P-HDL-C. In EX group, the level of P-TG was higher and M-PRO was lower in -B6 rats. There were no differences in M-GLY, L-TG, P-TC and P-HDL-C. These results suggest that a lowered intake of vitamin B6 may impair the adaptation of animals to fuel metabolism related to a decrease of fatty acid oxidation and attenuates the exercise-traning effect on blood lipid profile.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.287-294
• /
• 1999

Vitamin and mineral deletion from swine diets can result in reduced growth if done during the period wher muscle and bone development is occurring. Several of the vitamins and minerals decline in the serum during the starter period, suggesting a higher dietary inclusion may be necessary postweaning. Vitamin research with grower-finisher pigs is limited, but results suggest that rapidly growing lean pigs may have a higher dietary requirement for the B vitamins. Several studies have suggested that early weaning and pigs of a lean genotype may have a dietary requirement for vitamin C, CI and Cr. High dietary vitamin E levels are fortified in the diet and seems to be effective in preventing mulberry heart problems in weanling and grower pigs. Organic Se is more effectively retained in muscle tissue than inorganic Se, approximately 20% less is excreted, but the bioavailability of organic Se for glutathione peroxidase activity is only 80 to 90% to that of sodium selenite. The active form of thyroxine (T4) is dependent upon a Se containing enzyme. Withdrawal of vitamins and minerals during the latter part of the finisher period has not affected pig performance responses, but studies with poultry suggest that the vitamin content of the meat may be reduced if the vitamins are withdrawn prior to marketing. High levels of vitamin E have been shown to improve pork quality, by reducing drip loss. Studies with vitamin C and Se have suggested that they may also be involved in pork quality.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.303-314
• /
• 2004

We studied daily micronutrient intake from vitamin-mineral supplements, health-related life style, clinical case of diseases and food frequency of the Korean middle-aged (40-59 yr, n = 404) to compare the characteristics of non-user (n = 270) and user (n = 134) of vitamin-mineral supplements. Rate of supplement use of the middle-aged was 33.2% and there was significant difference in education level (p = 0.0084) and family income (p = 0.0476) of user and nonuser. Smoking habit (p = 0.0844) and drinking frequency (p = 0.0606) tended to be lower in a supplement user than a non-user. The medical history of a case was significantly higher in users (67.9%) than in non-users (44.4%) (p = 0.001), which suggests that medical history is one of the important motivations of supplement use. Supplement users had the medical history of digestive disease (34.1%), anemia (11.0%) and hypertension (9.9%) in order. Vitamin C was the most frequently supplemented nutrient (81.3%) among vitamin-mineral supplement, and the next orders were vitamins E (73.1%), B$_2$(68.7%) and B$_{6}$ (60.4%). Mean intakes of vitamin B$_1$, iron, selenium, vitamin E, and vitamin C from supplement was 4,260%, 4,030%, 1,660% and 1,330% of RDA, respectively. The supplement users tended to consume most food items including milk ＆ milk products (p ＜ 0.01), rice (p ＜ 0.01), grains (p ＜ 0.05) and cookies (p ＜ 0.01) less frequently than non-users. Conclusively, nutrient intake of vitamin B$_1$, iron, selenium, vitamin E, and vitamin C from supplement was excessively high compared to RDA. We suggest that the toxic effect of excessive supplementation should he informed to supplement user and nutritional education should be focused on the optimal supplement dose.e.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.35-43
• /
• 1973

This study is concerned with the nutritional status of the packed lunch boxes which are brought by the junior high school students in Capital City of Seoul. Four hundred and eights students of the 8 school districts in Seoul had been randomly selected as subjects. The contained nutrients in the packed lunch were analysed by the Food Composition Table. To observe the influence of home economical status and mother's educational level on the nutrient concents of packed lunches, the chosen subjects were classified into three large groupings, which are upper, middle and low classes respectively. In addition, comparison between the Recommended Daily Allowanced for Korean people-13 to 15 age group-and the contained nutrients in the lunch boxed had been conducted. T-test was applied to clarify the significance of the differences between each group both economical and educational level. 1. The averaged rations between the Recommended Daily Allowances and the contained nutrients in the lunches stand: Calorie 59.7% (566 Cal.) protein 53.1% (18g), animal protein 48.6% (5g), fat 39.8% (5g), calcium 371.% (0.1g), ferret 66.4% (2.9g) Vitamin A 642 1.U. (31.3%), Vitamin $B_1$ 70.2% (0.3mg), Vitamin $B_2$ 41.4% (0.2g), Niacin 77.0%(4mg), Vitamin C 51.9% (13mg). All of the nctrients fall far behind the Recommended Daily, Allowances for 13 to 15 age group. 2. Home economical status brings influence on the kinds of foods which could been. Protein, animal protein, fat, Vitamin $B_2$, Vitamin C showed significance of diffierences between the upper and middle classes. Between the middle and low classes, Protein, animal protein, fat, calcium and Vitamin C showed significance of difference. And finally, between the upper and low classes, protein, fat, calcium, ferret, Vitamin $B_2$ and Vitamin C showed a great significance. 3. Regardless to the living conditions of the subject students, all the nutrients of the lunches packed by the mothers in the entire educational levels did not reach the Recommended Daily Allowances. Protein, animal protein, fat, ferret, Vitamin A, and Niacin showed the significance of the differences between the upper and middle classes. On the other hand, calorie, animal protein, fat, Vitamin A and Vitamin C showed the significance between the middle and low classes. Between the upper and the low classes, protein, animal protein, fat, and ferret showed significance. 4. The mairdish-ice of the lunch boxes supplied calorie, protein, Vitamin $B_1$, Vitamin $B_2$ and Niacin which stand at 83.8%, 56.1%, 52.5%, and 54.8% respectivly when compared with the whole nutritional contents. 5. The side-dishes of the packed lunch lack in variety of cooking methods. One interesting fact is that entire subject students are very favorable to the food cooked with every kind of grains.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.196-201
• /
• 2011

BACKGROUND: Bioavailability enhancement by solubilization of lipophilic drugs in nano-emulsion has been reported and it may be useful in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical products. This study was performed to compare in vivo bioavailability of nano-emulsion formulation with that of the general product as control. METHODS AND RESULTS: The pharmacokinetics assessment of Vitamin A, D and E complex of nanoemulsion formulation (LaVita), in comparison to the general product, was performed in the male rat plasma by a single oral dose at 20 mL/kg body weight (n=3/group). For nano-emulsion formulation (LaVita), $C_{max}$ of vitamin A and E in plasma were much higher and the area under the curve (AUC) of vitamin A, D and E were 14-63% higher, and the half-life of vitamin E was 2-fold longer than the general product. According to statistical analysis, each $C_{max}$ of vitamin A, D & E was significantly higher (p<0.01, 0.05 and 0.01, respectively) than that of general product. Half-life of vitamin A was significantly higher (p<0.01) and AUC of vitamin A and D were also significantly higher than the general product. CONCLUSION(s): Considering significant increment of $C_{max}$ and AUC, LaVita made of nano-emulsion could be more effective the absorption rate and extent for bioavailability of vitamin A, D & E than those of general product.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.476-488
• /
• 2008

This study investigates the relationship of smoking on daily intake of nutrients and snacks in the Chungnam and Daejeon high school students. Up to date scientific nutrition education and counseling programs in the regular school system is needed for a professional nutrition education teacher. The primary objective of this study was to provide useful information to nutrition education teachers. A survey was conducted with 400 high school students in the Chungnam and Daejeon areas. 381 out of 400 questionnaires were analyzed with SPSS 12.0K. The subjects were composed of 49.8% male, 50.1% female and 40.9% regular high school students, 59.1% business high school students and smokers 43.1%, non-smokers 56.9%. 43.4% of smokers had been smoking since middle school. On analysis of daily nutrient intakes, 16 out of 19 nutrients except animal calcium, Vitamin A and Vitamin C were much more consumed by the smoking group than the non-smoking group non-significantly. Especially vegetable fat and Vitamin E were higher in the smoking group than the non-smoking group (p<0.05). The intake ratio of carbohydrates: protein: fat was similar in the two groups (smoking group 55:15:29, nonsmoking group 56:15:28). Intakes of Vitamin B1 and potassium in comparison with the Korean dietary reference intakes(KDRI) were under 50% in both groups. However, sodium was taken over 200% compared to KDRI in both groups. Intakes of Vitamin C in the smoking group were as low as 76.5% in comparison to KDRI. Smokers need to increase the intakes of Vitamin C considering that smokers need to intake Vitamin C two times than non-smokers. Nutrient intakes from snacks in the smoking group were higher than the non-smoking group. Nutrients that originated from snacks which took over 20% among daily nutrient intakes were 12 nutrients(energy, fat, carbohydrate, calcium, P, Fe, K, Vitamin $B_1$, Vitamin $B_2$, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, dietary fiber) in the smoking group compared to 7 nutrients(energy, vegetable protein, fat, carbohydrate, calcium, Vitamin $B_2$, Vitamin C) in the non-smoking group. The smoking group was significantly paying more money for snacks each month than the non-smoking group was(p<0.01). Periods of consumption were irregular in the smoking group(p<0.05) and the smoking group was used to taking snacks in the morning compared to the non-smoking group. The smoking group preferred sweets and high calorie food over other snacks in comparison of the non-smoking group. The nonsmoking group had better eating habits than the smoking group.