• 한국조리학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.284-293
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 대학생 시기의 올바른 건강관리가 성인기의 건강과 신체기능을 최적으로 유지하는 기초가 되고, 앞으로 임신, 분만, 수유 등을 대비해야 하는 가임기일 뿐만 아니라, 장차 가정과 사회의 식생활 관리자의 역할을 담당해야 하는 여대생을 대상으로 식습관과 운동습관 및 건강관련인식을 조사하고 이러한 지표가 영양섭취수준에 미치는 영향에 대해 분석하였다. 여대생 155명을 대상으로 연령, 신장, 체중 등 일반적 특성과 식습관, 운동습관, 건강상태 인식에 관련된 문항으로 구성된 설문지를 이용하였고, 24시간 회상법을 이용하여 식이섭취 조사를 실시한 후 영양소 섭취량을 분석하였다. 대상자들의 일주일간 식사시간이 규칙적인 날의 횟수는 '5~6일'이 27.74%, '3~4일'이 59.35%, '1~2일'이 12.9%로 나타났고, 아침결식률에서는 거의 '매일 결식'하는 비율이 46.74%, '때때로 결식'하는 비율이 36.13%, '거의 결식을 하지 않는' 비율이 16.13%로 나타나 결식률이 높게 나타났다. 야식횟수는 '일주일에 2~3회'가 43.23%로 가장 높았고, '1회 미만'이 40.65%, '4회 이상'이 16.13%로 나타났고, 식사 소요시간은 '20분 미만'이 42.58%, '20~30분 사이'가 38.06%, '31분 이상'이 19.35%로 나타났다. 운동습관의 규칙성에서는 '규칙적으로 운동을 한다'가 29.7%이고, '운동을 전혀 안한다'가 70.32%로 나타났고, 건강상태에 대한 인식 조사에서는 '건강상태가 좋다'가 47.74%, '그저 그렇다'가 24.52%, '나쁘다'가 27.74%로 나타나 비교적 건강상태가 좋다고 인식하는 대상자가 비교적 높게 나타났다. 식습관에 따른 영양소 섭취량의 차이에서는 일주일에 식사 시간이 규칙적인 날이 많을수록 에너지, 단백질, 지방, 식이섬유소, 칼슘, 인, 철분, 나트륨, 칼륨, 비타민 $B_6$, 나이아신, 비타민C, 엽산, 비타민 E, 콜레스테롤을 유의적으로 많이 섭취하는 것으로 나타났고, 아침 결식 여부에 따른 영양소 섭취량의 차이는 일주일에 아침을 결식하는 날이 많을수록 아침식사를 거의 매일 하는 대상자보다 에너지, 단백질, 지방, 탄수화물, 식이섬유소, 칼슘, 인, 철, 나트륨, 칼륨, 아연, 비타민 A, 비타민 $B_6$, 비타민 C, 엽산, 비타민 E를 유의적으로 더 적게 섭취하는 것으로 나타났다. 일주일간 야식을 먹는 횟수에 대한 영양소 섭취량의 차이에서는 야식을 먹는 횟수가 많을수록 에너지, 단백질, 지방, 식이섬유소, 칼슘, 인, 철분, 칼륨, 비타민 $B_2$, 비타민 $B_6$, 비타민 C, 엽산, 비타민 E, 콜레스테롤을 유의적으로 많이 섭취하였으나 식사 속도에 따른 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 규칙적인 운동습관을 가진 대상자는 그렇지 않은 대상자보다 영양소 섭취량이 약간 높게 나타났으나 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았고, 건강상태 인식에 따른 영양소 섭취량의 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 본 조사 대상자의 대부분은 19~29세 여성의 영양권장량에 못 미치는 수준으로 영양소를 섭취하고 있었고, 특히 불규칙적인 식사, 결식, 야식 등의 불규칙적인 식습관을 가진 여대생들의 경우, 그 경우 칼슘, 철분, 아연, 여러 비타민 C 등에서 영양권장량에 70%에도 못 미치는 수준을 나타내어 올바른 식습관을 가질 수 있도록 구체적인 영양교육이 필요할 것이다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제38권7호
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• pp.570-577
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of bone mineral density on life styles, dietary habits and nutrient intakes among the male college students. The subjects were divided into four groups; $Q_1$ (calcaneus BMD < 25 percentile, n = 117), $Q_2$ (25 percentile $\le$ calcaneus BMD < 50 percentile, n = 118), $Q_3$ (50 percentile $\le$ calcaneus BMD < 75 percentile, n = 118) $Q_4$ (calcaneus BMD $\ge$ 75 percentile, n = 116). And they were asked about general characteristics, life style, dietary habit, and nutrient intake using questionnaire and 24-hr recall method. They were measured the bone mineral density of calcaneus using quantitative ultrasound. The average age of the subjects of the study was 23.0 yews and the average height, weight, and BMI were 174.7 cm, 69.0 kg, $22.5 kg/m^2$. The bone mineral density in calcaneus was $0.43 g/cm^2$ in $Q_1,\;0.50 g/cm^2$ in $Q_2,\;0.56 g/cm^2$ in $Q_3$, and $0.69 g/cm^2$ in $Q_4$ (p < 0.001). The results showed that $Q_1$ tended to have irregular exercise compared to the other three groups. Compared with $Q_1$ and $Q_2$, the frequency of skipping breakfast was lower in $Q_3$ and $Q_4$. Also the results showed that the $Q_4$ was significantly more often to drink coffee compared with the other three groups (p < 0.01). The mean daily energy intake was 2210.6 kcal ($88.4\%$ of RDA). The intake of energy, vitamin $B_2$, calcium, and zinc did not meet the Korean RDA. Also the $Q_2$consumed significantly lower intakes of protein (p < 0.05) and plant protein (p < 0.05) compared to the $Q_3$ and $Q_4$. The $Q_1$ and $Q_2$ consumed significantly lower intakes of vitamin $B_2$ (p < 0.01) compared to the $Q_3$ and $Q_4$. In conclusion, male student in lower bone mineral density appeared to have unhealthy life styles and dietary habits in terms of irregular exercise, high frequency of skipping breakfast and lower intakes of protein, vitamin $B_2$ showing a strong need proper education on meal practices and exercise habits for the bone health.

• BMB Reports
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.703-708
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• 2005

We cloned and expressed human pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP) phosphatase, the coenzymatically active form of vitamin $B_6$, in Escherichia coli using pET15b vector. Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) were generated against purified human brain PLP phosphatase in mice, and four antibodies recognizing different epitopes were obtained, one of which inhibited PLP phosphatase. The binding affinities of these four mAbs to PLP phosphatase, as determined using biosensor technology, showed that they had similar binding affinities. Using the anti-PLP phosphatase antibodies as probes, we investigated their cross-reactivities in various mammalian and human tissues and cell lines. The immunoreactive bands obtained on Western blots had molecular masses of ca. 33 kDa. Similarly fractionated extracts of several mammalian cell lines all produced a single band of molecular mass 33 kDa. We believe that these PLP phosphatase mAbs could be used as valuable immunodiagnostic reagents for the detection, identification, and characterization of various neurological diseases related to vitamin $B_6$ abnormalities.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.589-597
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• 2019

In this study, 70 kinds of nutritional composition for five bokkeumbap products(spicy chicken, shrimp(saeu), haemul, nakji, and barbecue bokkeumbap) in high-frequency processed foods were analyzed. Raw data of intake amounts were collected from the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Regarding proximate composition, spicy chicken bokkeumbap had lower water content and higher carbohydrate content than other bokkeumbaps, resulting in the highest total calories. The proximate composition of other bokkeumbaps were all distributed within a similar range. Vitamin content differed according to ingredients added to the bokkeumbaps. Haemul bokkeumbap had high content of vitamins B₁ and B₂, nakji bokkeumbap had high content of vitamin C and β-carotene, and barbecue bokkeumbap had high content of total niacin, folic acid, and vitamin A. For mineral content, barbecue bokkeumbap showed the highest content distribution, while nakji bokkeumbap showed the lowest content distribution. Regarding fatty acid and fat content, the highest content of fatty acids, saturated fats, and trans fats was detected in shrimp(saeu) bokkeumbap. For amino acid content, barbecue bokkeumbap showed highest content distribution. These results can be used as salient basic data for a food nutrient composition database and to significantly contribute to consumers' health.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.207-216
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• 2006

본 연구는 대구 경북 지역 체육고등학교 남자 운동선수와 일반 고등학교 남학생의 신체 조성과 영양소 섭취 상태를 알아보는 데 목적이 있다. 본 연구는 체육고둥학교 남학생 122명과 일반고등학교 남학생 78명을 대상으로 이루어졌다. 통계자료 분석은 SPSS 12.0 프로그램을 사용하여 평균, 표준편차, t-test를 실시하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같이 요약될 수 있다. 첫째, 운동군의 가슴둘레는 비운동군보다 유의적으로 크게 나타났고 비운동군의 엉덩이둘레는 운동군보다 더 큰 것으로 나타났다(p<0.01). 비운동군의 상완삼두근 상완이두근 견갑골하단의 피하지방두께는 운동군보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(p<0001). 비운동군의 체지방률과 체지방량은 운동군보다 높게 나타났으며 운동군의 제지방률은 비운동군보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(p<0.001). 둘째, 나트륨, 비타민 B6, 비타민 E를 제외한 모든 영양소의 섭취상태에서 운동군이 비운동군보다 높게 나타났다(p<0.001). 운동군은 칼슘을 제외한 모든 영양소에서 영양권장량 이상의 섭취를 하였다. 셋째, 전체적인 영양지식 점수는 비운동군이 운동군보다 유의하게 높게 나타났다 (p<0.05).

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.282-296
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• 2013

The study classified 83 obese adults by constitution and had them follow a strict diet according to their constitution in order to see if the Yin-Yang method would be effective on the metabolic syndrome, which is one of the main causes of death in Korea. Overall, the application of both Yin and Yang methods improved the following factors: weight, body fat percentage, systolic blood pressure, diastolic pressure, neutral fats and total cholesterol. In particular, the Yin constitution group of men showed more improvements than the Yang constitution group. Furthermore, waist circumference and the prevalence rate of systolic blood pressure, diastolic pressure, total cholesterol and metabolic syndrome were decreased noticeably. Total energy intake was increased in both men and women after the constitutional diet, along with the increase of nutrient intake, such as dietary fiber, vitamins and minerals, among others. Among various nutrients, vitamin A, vitamin C, thiamine, vitamin B6, folic acid, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and iron intake were increased noticeably after the constitutional diet. In addition, subjects' intake of all nutrients, except for magnesium, satisfied the nutrition intake standards. Further, the nutrients adequacy ratio (NAR) and the mean adequacy ratio (MAR) improved for both men and women. The intake of potatoes, starch, greens and mushrooms increased noticeably, whereas the intake of meat, dairy, drinks and alcohol decreased after the constitutional diet. For the Yin constitution, the intake of Yin foods noticeably decreased, where as the intake of Yang foods decreased for the Yang constitution. In conclusion, the constitutional diet effectively improves the metabolic syndrome. Among many nutrients, the intake of dietary fiber, vitamins A, C and E, potassium and magnesium is positively associated with the improvement of metabolic syndrome biomarkers.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.393-402
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was performed to evaluate the prevalence of overweight and to compare the dietary behaviors, nutrient intake and physical activities of specialized game high school students. Total of 163 subjects participated and their weight, height, waist circumference, hip circumference and bone status by a quantitative ultrasound method were measured. The subjects were surveyed by a self-administered questionnaire about general characteristics, dietary behaviors and physical activities. Nutrient intakes of the subjects were assessed by semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The subjects were divided into four groups on their obesity level by BMI. The prevalence of underweight, normal, overweight and obese group was 6%, 58%, 16%, and 20% respectively. BMI was negatively correlated with bone mineral density (p < 0.01) and positively correlated with WHR (p < 0.01). The dietary guideline compliance score for "Enjoy Korean rice food style" was 2.63, followed by "Prepare food sanitarily"2.48, "Do not skip breakfast"2.29, "Eat a variety of vegetables, fruits, dairy products daily"2.25, "Drink water instead of beverage"2.10, "Choose less fried foods"2.09 and "Maintain healthy weight"1.91. The exercise frequency of walking was not significantly different between groups; however, heavy exercise frequency was significantly lower in underweight group than the other groups (p < 0.05). The energy intake was 2153 kcal, which was 81.2% of the Estimate Energy Requirement, and the intake of calcium and vitamin $B_2$ was 66.7% and 77.8% of KDRIs. Particularly, the intake of iron, vitamin A and vitamin C was about 59.4%, 52.2% and 55.4% of KDRIs and INQ was 0.71, 0.63 and 0.65 respectively, and intake of folic acid fell behind 39.1% of KDRIs and INQ was 0.46. Our study suggests that the systematic and continuous nutrition education will have to be provided at schools to improve dietary and health behaviors and prevent chronic metabolic disease for students of specialized game high school.

• 셀메드
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.13.1-13.10
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• 2017

Nutrition is one of the factors influencing cognitive functions. But, the role of nutrition on cognitive functions within the elderly is recognized to a lesser degree. The aim of this academic endeavor was to analyze the affiliation between nutritional status and cognitive functions of the elderly in Korea. 316 subjects, of 114 male and 201 female aged above 65 years, were gathered from university hospital clinics, Elderly Welfare Centers, and Health Welfare Centers located in the district of Seoul, Gyeonggi province, and Incheon in Korea. The cognitive function was tested by the Korean-Mini Mental State Examination (K-MMSE) questionnaire. Nutrition intake was assessed by a 24-hour recall, a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Nutrition adequacy and quality were assessed by the Nutrition Screening Initiative (NSI) checklist, the nutritional adequacy ratio (NAR), and the mean adequacy ratio (MAR). The elderly with normal cognitive function status displayed significantly higher levels of calcium, riboflavin, thiamin, folate, vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin B6, phosphorous, potassium, iron, niacin, zinc, animal fat, animal protein, polyunsaturated fatty acids, total protein, vegetable oil, vegetable protein, fiber than levels of the elderly with moderate cognitive impairment. The K-MMSE score positively correlated with of high consumption of pork, white radish, sea mustard, tomato, tangerine, grape, apple, and ice cream, and K-MMSE was negatively associated with high intake of potato, anchovy, fish cake, and mushroom. The findings suggest that nutritional status is affiliated with cognitive function within the elderly of Korea. The consumption of variety of foods and nutrients ensures adequate cognitive function in the Korean elderly.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.1728-1736
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• 2006

The effects of green tea (Camellia sinensis) waste silage and supplemental polyethylene glycol (PEG) on rumen fermentation and blood components were studied in cattle. Six Holstein steers were fed three diets in a 3${\times}$3 Latin square design, replicated twice. One diet was a control with no added silage, and the other two diets were supplemented (20% of the dry matter) with green tea waste silage either with (PEG) or without PEG (tea). Most of the fermentation parameters including major volatile fatty acids (VFA) were not affected by the diet treatments. The concentrations of high density lipoprotein cholesterol in the PEG group and urea nitrogen in the tea and PEG groups were greater than those in the control before morning feeding. The plasma 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid equivalent concentration was not different before morning feeding, but 3 h after morning feeding, its concentrations in both the tea and PEG groups were higher than in the control. Although the concentration of plasma vitamin A in the animals was not affected by feeding green tea waste silage, the concentrations of plasma vitamin E were significantly higher in the tea and PEG groups than in the control, both before and 3 h after morning feeding. The results from the present study suggest that feeding diets containing 20% of the dietary dry matter as green tea waste silage to Holstein steers has no negative impact on their ruminal fermentation, and increases their plasma antioxidative activity and concentration of vitamin E.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.324-336
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• 2011

The purpose of the study was to examine the changes of food and nutrient intakes of college students between 1999 and 2009. Dietary survey of 169 college students was conducted by a 24-hour recall method for three days in 2009. Food and nutrient intakes in 2009 were compared with the data from 106 students collected by the same methods in 1999. The intakes of cereals & grain products and vegetables in 2009 were lower than those of 1999, but the intakes of meats, eggs, milk & milk products, and manufactured food were higher. The intake of rice per person decreased greatly from 452.2 g in 1999 to 351.4 g in 2009 in males, and from 306.9 g to 237.2 g in females. While the intakes of protein, fat, thiamin, niacin, vitamin $B_6$, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, and cholesterol were significantly higher, the intakes of dietary fiber were significantly lower in 2009 compared to 1999 both in males and females. The nutrients consumed less than the Recommended Intakes were vitamin A, riboflavin, vitamin C, and calcium in males and additionally folate, iron, and zinc in females in both 1999 and 2009. The ratio of carbohydrate, protein and fat as energy was 61 : 15 : 24 and 60 : 14 : 26 in 1999, and 54 : 16 : 30 and 56 : 15 : 29 in 2009 in males and females respectively, showing that carbohydrate intake decreased and fat intake increased greatly. Our data suggest that nutrition education is necessary for college students to help them consume more vegetables and fruits and less fat and cholesterol.