• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.419-429
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• 1999

This study was conducted to investigate the dietary habits and assess the dietary intake of preschool children. Food habit, preference and nutritional supplement status were investigated using a questionnaire answered by the mothers of 453 subjects aged 3 to 6 years old. Also, a dietary intake survey using a 24-hour recall method was performed by mothers of the children. It was found that 81.2% of subjects had milk, dairy products, cookies, fruit and bread between meals once or twice per day. As well, 60.3% of subjects had an unbalanced diet and 20.7% had an overeating habit. Thus, unbalanced diet was a serious problem for many of the subjects. Due to weight controls, digestion problems and allergies, 11.7% of subjects had special dietary consideration. And 26.4% of subjects were using nutritional supplements. From the 24-recall survey, it was found that all nutrient intakes were higher than the Korean RDA except calcium and vitamin A. Nutrient intakes for protein, calcium, phosphorus and vitamin B2 were significantly different by sex, and also increased with age but not significantly. Children received 35% of daily energy, 44% of daily fat and 52% of daily calcium from snacks, so snacks clearly play an important role in dietary intake. The average number of foods consumed per day by subjects was 17.6 and that dishes was 11.0. Most children consumed 4 or 5 food groups per day. In conclusion, the dietary intake of children aged 3 to 6 were deemed adequate judging from nutrient intake and dietary diversity. More attention should be paid to the nutritional value of snacks in this age group.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.179-188
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• 2015

Though a great amount of chicken by-products are consumed everyday in many countries worldwide, however, no attention has been paid to the investigation of nutritional composition of these by-products. In the present work, the basic information regarding the aspects of nutritional composition of chicken by-products such as; liver, gizzard, heart, lung, crop, small intestines, cecum and duodenum was studied. Our results revealed that the approximate composition range (minimum to maximum) of these by-products was found as such: moisture 76.68-83.23%; fat 0.81-4.53%, protein 10.96-17.70% and calories 983.20-1,426.0 cal/g tissue, in which liver and gizzard had the highest protein content. Liver had higher (p<0.05) vitamin A, B1, B2, B3, B5 and B6 contents in comparison to other remaining byproducts. Total saturated fatty acids (SFA), unsaturated fatty acids (UFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) levels ranged between the by-products from 31.82% to 43.96%, 56.04% to 68.19%, and 18.27% to 32.05%, respectively. Remarkably, all of by-products showed desirable PUFA/SFA ratios. Furthermore, all of chicken by-products, especially liver, contained higher levels of trace elements (e.g., Fe, Mn and Zn) in comparison with those from muscle tissues published in literature. Overall, the study indicated that most of chicken byproducts examined are good sources of essential nutrients and these obtained results will be the useful information to consumers and meat processors.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.186-198
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• 2018

Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate the utilization of a current national Food Composition Database (FCDB) and to investigate demand for nutrients that should be added or supplemented in order to expand the national FCDB. Methods: Surveys were constructed based on the utilization of FCDB, use of a food and nutrition analysis program, utilization and importance of nutritional ingredients, and nutritional ingredients desired to be supplemented in the national FCDB. Self-administered surveys were obtained from 349 food and nutrition specialists, including dietitians, nutrition teachers, food industry workers, professors, and researcher. Results: Exactly 73.6% of respondents used the FCDB, and 90.5% experienced using various food and nutrition analysis programs. Professors and researchers frequently utilized protein, carbohydrate, and lipid nutrients in the FCDB. Among vitamins, vitamin C, vitamin A, and vitamin D were frequently used. Among minerals, sodium and calcium were highly used. Among the subjects, 17.4% of subjects have used phytochemical DB. Carotenoids, anthocyanins, and isoflavones among phytochemicals were frequently used, in that order. Respondents desired an additional data on sugars, vitamin D, folic acid, selenium, iodine, dietary fiber, vitamin $B_{12}$, and carotenoids in the FCDB. Conclusion: The survey results indicate that the current FCDB is actively used for various purposes, although it is necessary to construct a national nutrition database with additional nutrients.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.91-104
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to examine a questionnaire survey on nutrition knowledge, dietary behaviors and the evaluation of nutrient intakes in regard to frequency of eating breakfast for a total 383 high school female students in Chuncheon area. The subjects were categorized into 3 groups according to frequency of breakfast : eating breakfast group (6-7 times/week, 49.1%), sometimes eating breakfast group (3-5 times/week, 22.2%), skipping breakfast group (${\leq}2$ times/week, 28.7%). The eating breakfast group and sometimes eating breakfast group have better grades on nutrition knowledge related to breakfast than the skipping breakfast group. The skipping breakfast group have a smattering of nutrition knowledge like, the importance of having breakfast, maintaining calories, and the brain's energy resource. There was a strong correlation between the frequency of breakfast and dietary behavior grades. The students who skip breakfast have irregular eating habits and their eating speed was improper. Also, their frequency of taking in cereals, proteins, fruits, vegetables, and dairy products was poor. The results of the survey on nutrition intake show that while, students who eat breakfast are consuming only folate, calcium and iron at a less than recommend intake, the students who skip breakfast are consuming vitamin $B_2$, niacin, vitamin C, vitamin $B_1$ as well as folate, calcium, and also iron at a less than recommended intake. Based on these results, it is necessary to develop an awareness program that emphasizes the importance of breakfast and accurate nutrition knowledge for students.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.601-607
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• 1992

In order to investigate the liver damage and hepatic protective systems in cadmium(Dd) administered rats, five different levels of Cd were injected intraperitoneally to male rats of sprague-Dawley strains weighing $250{\pm}15g.$ Levels of daily Cd administration were 0(control), 0.625(A), 1.25(B), 2.5(C) and 5mg(D)/kg of body weight and single inhection per day was done for consecutive two days. With increasing Cd dosed, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase and alkaline phosphatase activities were increased. And at the same time, hepatic reduced glutathione contents were decreased, whereas the levels of oxidized form were increased. Liver lipid peroxide levels of A, B, C and D groups were 1.1, 1.5, 1.8 activities and vitamin E contents were progressively reduced in accordance with the increase in Cd dose. However, liver superoxide dismutase activities were not different between control and A group although it was higher in B and lower in C and D groups compared with control.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.16
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• pp.6877-6882
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• 2015

Background: Cisplatin (CDDP) is one of the most active cytotoxic agents in the treatment of cancer. We investigated the effect of selenium (Se) with high dose vitamin E (VE) administration to prevent CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Materials and Methods: In this study, 40 female Wistar rats were randomly divided into five equal groups. The first group, which served as the control, was administered physiological saline (2.5 cc/day, 5 days) intraperitoneally (IP), while group A was administered cisplatin (6 mg/kg BW/ single dose) plus physiological saline IP. Groups B, C, D received IP five doses of Se (1.5 mg/kg BW), and a high dose of VE (1000 mg/kg BW) (Se-VE) in combination before, simultaneously, and after CDDP, respectively. The rats were sacrificed five days after CDDP administration. Plasma malondialdehide (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase, urea, creatinine levels, renal histopathological changes were measured. Results: The histopathological injury score, plasma levels of MDA, urea, creatinine were found to increase in group A compared to the control (p<0.05), while plasma levels of GSH-Px, GSH and catalase decreased (p<0.05). In contrast, plasma levels of MDA decreased (p<0.05) in groups B, C, D, which were treated with Se- VE, whereas levels of GSH-Px, GSH were found to increase only for group D (p<0.05). Plasma urea, creatinine levels improved in the treatment groups compared to group A (p<0.001). Histopathological changes caused by CDDP were also significantly improved after Se-VE treatment (p<0.05). Conclusions: Oxidative stress increases with CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Se-VE supplementation might thus play a role in the prevention of CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity in patients.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 1999

This study was conducted to investigate beverage consumptions in relation to food intakes of Korean young people. One hundred thirty five college students(61 males and 74 females) living in Taegu, Kyung-buk and Taejon answered to questionnaires and recorded three day food intakes between May 20 and June 5, 1997. The preferred beverages were fruit juice, carbonated drink, dairy drink, sport beverage for male students, and fruit juice, dairy drink, sport beverage and carbonated drink for female students. Beverage taken most frequently was coffee for both. Frequent consumption of orange juice was associated with consumption of vegetables, meats, and fats and oils used for frying, and light cola seemed to be consumed with greasy dishes. Beverage consumption contributed to intakes of calcium and vitamin $B_2$more than other nutrients. 4.6% of total energy intake, 15.5% of calcium intake, 11.4% of vitamin $B_2$ provided from beverages in female. Contributions of beverages to nutrient intakes were higher in female than in male students. Calcium intake was the lowest among nutrients for males, and intakes of iron and vitamin A were the lowest for females as compared to the recommended dietary allowances. Therefore it is necessary to guide college students to choose beverages for balanced intakes of necessary nutrients.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.317-317
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• 2022

Seakso 5, a maize hybrid, was applied for variety in 2021 by Gangwon Agricultural Research and Extension Services in Korea. This variety was bred to produce a purple extract of com husk. It shows purple color in the husk and cob and contains abundant anthocyanins. In this study, to obtain basic data on purple com 'Seakso 5' husk extract (PCHE), a husk extract was prepared and the contents of vitamins, amino acids and fatty acids were analyzed. The Seakso 5 husks were extracted with 30% alcohol and concentrated, after adding dextrin to the concentrate, it was spray-dried to prepare an extract. The PCHE were analyzed for vitamins, amino acids, and fatty acids by referring to the Food Code. As a result, three types of vitamins were detected, and their contents were vitamin B₁ 0.14 mg/100g, vitamin B₂ 2.30 mg/100g, and vitamin C 11.32 mg/100g. A total of 15 amino acids were detected in the PCHE, including aspartic acid and glutamic acid, and the content of aspartic acid was the highest at 3.02 mg/g. Simultaneous analysis of fatty acids Among 37 types, saturated fatty acids were palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), monounsaturated fatty acids were oleic acid (C18:1(n-9)), polyunsaturated fatty acids were linoleic acid(C18:2(n-6)c) and a-Linolenic Acid (C18:3(n-3)) were detected. Among the detected fatty acids, the content of palmitic acid was the highest at 40.75 mg/100g. In the future, These analysis results will be used as reference data for temporary food ingredient applications by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.932-938
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• 1999

The present study was designed to determine long-term feeding effects of vitamin E and BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene) on serum biochemical profiles, organ weight, and intestinal and hepatic antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in ICR mice. Four wk old ICR mice (n=8 per group) were fed the diets supplemented with vitamin E (I ; 0.03% and II ; 0.3%) and BHT (I ; 0.05% and II ; 0.5%) for 12 months. Feeding the diets containing vitamin E and BHT had no effects on growth and serum biochemical profiles. However, feeding the diets supplemented with 0.5% BHT for 12 months significantly increased liver weight of the mice. In the small intestine, there were no effects of vitamin E or BHT on SOD and GSH-PX activities in the mucosa. However, the activity of intestinal GST of the mice that received 0.5% BHT was almost twice as high as that of control mice. In the liver, the activity of SOD was not affected by feeding antioxidants for 12 months, whereas GSH-PX activity was significantly increased in mice that received the diets containing BHT (0.05%, 0.5%) and vitamin E (0.03%, 0.3%). In addition, supplementation of 0.5% BHT markedly enhanced hepatic GST activity compared with other groups. Enhanced activity of GSH-PX in response to feeding vitamin E or BHT might aid hepatic enzymes to eliminate active oxygen in organs from mice. However, we could not exclude the possibility of increased lipid peroxidation by high dosage of BHT supplementation. More detailed study is necessary for assessment of preventive or toxicological effects of high dosage of BHT supplementation.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.218-226
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• 2001

This study was performed to assess the nutritional status, frequency of visiting and necessity of nutrition programs for 157 elderly(male:49, female:108) visiting public health centers in Puchon. The purpose of the study was to provide the basic data for developing a nutrition service model. The subject were investigated by interviews with a questionnaire to obtain dietary data and other information related to public health center. Blood tests for analyzing biochemical status were also carried out. The elderly showed low income status. Ninety two percent of them showed their monthly income was less than 400,000 won and 72.6% was observed as having 30,000 won/month as their pocket money. The most frequent disease reported as having or being treated were hypertension(32.6%), rheumatic arthritis(28.5%), diabetes(10.2%), and stomach disease(8.2%) for males and hypertension(33.1%), diabetes(19.4%), rheumatic arthritis(16.7%), anemia(11.1%) for females. The nutrients whose daily intakes were less than 2/3 of RDA were calcium(37.5% RDA),vitamin A(49.9% RDA), iron(60.0% of RDA) and protein(62.0% RDA) for males and vitamin A(27.7% RDA), vitamin B$_2$(33.3% RDA), calcium(44.1% RDA), iron(53.3% RDA), and niacin(60.0% RDA) for females, respectively. Prevalence of anemia, assessed by hemogloben using WHO definition, were 4.1% for males and 18.5% for females. The percentage of males with hypercholesterolemia( 220 mg/dl) was 2.1% and 19.4% fir females, Two percent of males and 12.0% of females were observed as having a LDL-C higher than 165 mg/dl. The mean fasting blood glucose(FBG) level of males and female was 84.2 mg/dl and 101.7 mg/dl respectively. Two percent of males and 8.3% of females were found with a FBG higher than 140 mg/dl. Seventy one percent of elderly reported they were visiting public health centers at least once per week or more frequently. They were satisfied most with the low medical bills but showed the lowest satisfaction for the facilities of the public health centers. What the nutrition service programs wanted most was nutrition counseling and guidance.