• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.876-876
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• 2002

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.47-63
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• 1973

This study concerns the nutritional status of food in a lunch-box and the school lunch program provided for Dong Duck Elementary School Pupils in Daegu. Two hundred andsix pupils were randomly selected as a sample. The nutrients contained in a lunch-box and school lunch menu were analyzed according to the Food Composition Table. Nutrients and cost of the Dong Duck Elementary School Lunch were compared to the average nutrient contents of food in a lunch-box of o pupil. In addition, comparisons between the Recommended Daily Allowances of nutrients for Korean children aged from 9 to 11 (4th, 5th, and 6th grade) and that of the contained nutrients in the average lunch-box were conducted. The average nutrients contained in the lunch-box compared with the Recommended Daily Allowances are: Calorie 77.41% (542.60ca1), Protein 73.60% (16.93gr), Fat 33.95% (3.95gr), Calcium 27.85% (111.39mg), Ferret 80.30% (2.65mg), Vitamin A 10.09% (100.93 I.U.), Vitamin Bl 70.27% (0.27mg), Vitamin B2 88.37% (0.38mg), Vitamin C 15.40% (3.45mg). All of the nutrients in the lunch-box fall far below the Recommended Daily Allowances for the 9-11 age group. The average nutrients of staple food in the lunch-box compared with the side-dishes were found to contain Calorie 90.80%, Protein 50.32%, Fat 58.27%, Calcium 37.07 %, Ferret 53.96%, Vitamin A 0.0028%, Vitamin B1 78.11%, Vitamin B2 21.09%. The nutrients of food contained in the Dong Duck Elementary School Lunch Program compared with the Recommended Daily Allowances were: 1. The Protein, Fat, Ferret, Vitamin B1 and Vitamin B2 content was generally satisfactory. 2. Calcuim, Vitamin A and Vitamin C were lower than the Recommended Daily Allowances. 3. The Calorie content was generally lower for the 9-11 age group. The per pupil cost of the lunch-box was 41.87 won which includes the cost of staple food 16.92 won and side-dishes 24.95 won, whereas the school lune Provided by Dong Duck Elementary School Costs 35 won per pupil. Questionnaires were sent to four hundred parents (through their children) to find out their attitude toward the school lunch program. 390(97.50%) of them were returned and 7 of them dia not answer at all. Therefore, these were eliminated from the samlpe. Among 185 parents whose children were eating the school lunch; 172 parents (92.97% ) would pay 40 won for the proposed new school lunch program whereas only 13 parents (7.03%) did not want it. Among 198 parents whose children were not having the school lunch, 58 parents (29.29%) would agree to have the lunch for their children at the cost of 35 won with the proposed new school lunch program equivalent to 40 won. 126 parents (63.63%) could not agree to have their children being the school lunch because of their financial difficulty (74 parents 58.72%). The rest of parents (52 parents 41.28%) raised other reasons which were minor problems. Among the tatal of 383 parents, 309 parents (80.68%) would agree to gave school lunch for their children if the cost of the proposed new school lunch program would be 35 won to 40 won and if minor problems concerning the school lunch program are solved. Sixty parents (15.66% ) raised questions about the school lunch program concerning sanitary problems, taste of bread, and the quantity of lunch. Among 383 parents, 358 parents answered and 25 parents did not. When school officer asked if the parents would help during the school lunch hour, 101 parents indicated they could not help at all, but 177 parents, replied they could help. Among 177 parents, 40 parents of them could share their time from one or two hours everyday except Saturday and 107 parents could serve 1 to 3 days per week. Through this study, it is evident that further investigation should be done of the school lunch program which can be provided 35 won with the proposed new school lunch program. The parents participation in the school lunch program would be improved the understanding between school and parents as well as insure better nutrition and sanitation for the children.

• Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.228-237
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• 2016

Objective: There has been no prospective study that examined intramuscular injection of high-dose vitamin D in Korean adults. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of high-dose vitamin $D_3$ after intramuscular injection in Korean adults with vitamin D deficiency. Method: This study was a 24-week, prospective, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. A total of 84 subjects ${\geq}19$ and <65 years of age were randomly allocated to either the vitamin $D_3$ or placebo group in a 2:1 ratio. After randomization, a single injection of plain vitamin $D_3$ 200,000 IU or placebo was intramuscularly administered. If serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentrations were <30 ng/mLon week 12 or thereafter, a repeat injection was administered. Results: After a single intramuscular injection of vitamin $D_3$ to adults with vitamin D deficiency, the proportion of subjects with serum 25(OH)D concentrations ${\geq}30ng/mL$ within 12 weeks was 46.4% in the vitamin $D_3$ group and 3.6% in the placebo group (p<0.0001). The proportion of subjects with serum 25(OH)D concentrations ${\geq}30ng/mL$ within 24 weeks was 73.2% in the vitamin $D_3$ group and 3.6% in the placebo group (p<0.0001). Mean change in serum 25(OH)D concentrations at weeks 12 and 24 after vitamin $D_3$ injection was $12.8{\pm}8.1$ and $21.5{\pm}8.1ng/mL$, respectively, in the vitamin $D_3$ group, with no significant changes in the placebo group. Serum parathyroid hormone concentrations showed a significant decrease in the vitamin $D_3$ group but no change in the placebo group. Conclusion: Intramuscular injection of vitamin $D_3$ 200,000 IU was superior to placebo in terms of its impact on serum 25(OH)D concentrations, and is considered to be safe and effective in Korean adults with vitamin D deficiency.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.903-911
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for preventing preterm delivery in the aspects of blood pressure and hematic parameters. The blood pressure, hematic parameters, relationship between hematic parameters and nutritional intakes and pregnancy outcomes were compared between a preterm delivery group and a normal term delivery group. The results obtained are summarized as follows. Diastolic blood pressure was statistically higher in the preterm delivery group. White blood cells (p < 0.005) and alanine amino transferase (p < 0.05) of 3rd trimester in pregnancy were statistically higher in the preterm delivery group. Alkaline phosphatase (p < 0.0001) and lactate dehydrogenase (p < 0.05) were statistically lower in the preterm delivery group. Inverse relationships between niacin, vitamin B6 and zinc intakes and bilirubin (p < 0.05) were shown. Vitamin A intakes (p < 0.05) were significantly negatively correlated with blood protein, but zinc intakes (p < 0.05) were significantly positively correlated with blood protein. Vitamin B6 intakes (p < 0.05) were significantly negatively correlated with blood albumin. Calcium intakes (p < 0.005) and iron intakes (p < 0.05) were significantly positively correlated with blood lactate dehydrogenase. Also, vitamin A intakes (p < 0.05) were significantly positively correlated with blood glucose. Normal spontaneous vaginal delivery (p < 0.005) was statistically lower in the preterm delivery group. Birth weight (p < 0.0001) and birth length (p < 0.005) of the neonates were all statistically lower in the preterm delivery group.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.278-289
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• 2021

본 연구는 인지기능 개선에 도움이 되는 천연기능성소재를 선발하기 위해 체계적 문헌고찰을 실시하였다. 2020년 10월 06일 기준 문헌검색을 통해 16,184건을 수집하였고 선택 및 배제 기준에 따라 총 27건의 문헌을 선별하였다. 27건 중 ω-3 지방산 관련 논문 12건, 비타민 B군 관련 논문 8건, 비타민 D와 E 관련 논문 각각 1건이었으며, 안세린/카르노신, 베테인, 카페인, 크로뮴, 피소스티그민 관련 논문이 각각 1건이었다. 각 문헌의 비뚤림 위험 평가를 진행한 결과 ω-3 지방산 관련 논문 2건, 비타민 B군 관련 논문 1건, 베테인, 카페인, 피소스티그민 관련 논문의 비뚤림 위험이 '높음'으로 평가되었고, 비뚤림 위험이 높다고 평가된 6건의 논문들을 제외하고 근거수준평가 및 결과분석을 시행하였다. ω-3 지방산 관련 논문은 6-24개월동안 DHA 0.48-2.2 g, EPA 203-720 mg의 용량을 함께 또는 따로 중재하여 총 1,031명의 대상자 중 437명의 유의적인 효과를 확인하였다. 경도인지장애 환자를 대상으로 진행된 ω-3 지방산 논문에서는 인지기능영역(공간력, 기억력, 회상력, 언어력)과 인지기능 관련 바이오마커(Aβ-42, APP mRNA)를 개선시키는 등 치매개선에 긍정적인 효과를 나타냈다. 그러나 치매 환자를 대상으로 한 ω-3 지방산 연구에서는 인지기능평가에 대한 개선효과를 확인하기 어려웠다. 비타민 B 관련 논문은 6 또는 24개월 동안 엽산 400-800 ㎍, 비타민 B₁₂ 25-500 ㎍, 비타민 B₆ 20 mg의 용량을 함께 또는 따로 중재하여 총 1,180명의 대상자 중 530명에서 유의적인 효과를 확인하였다. 비타민 B군의 섭취는 치매 위험성과 관련된 혈중 호모시스테인 농도를 감소시켰으며, 혈중 ω-3 지방산의 농도와 높은 상관관계를 나타내는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 그 외에 비타민 D와 E는 인지기능관련 바이오마커(Aβ-42, APP mRNA, PS1 mRNA)를 감소시키고 인지기능평가(WAIS-RC, ADAS-cog) 개선효과를 나타냈으며 안세린/카르노신은 치매척도검사를 개선하였고 크로뮴 섭취는 기억력 부분의 인지기능영역을 유의적으로 개선하였다. 그러나 ω-3 지방산과 비타민 B를 제외한 연구들은 선별된 문헌의 개수가 제한적이며, 개선 효과를 판단할 근거가 부족하였다. 중재 기간 및 용량에 따라 결과를 종합하면, ω-3 지방산은 6개월 이상 DHA 0.48-2.2 g, EPA 203-720 mg의 용량을 복합 또는 DHA 단독으로 중재했을 경우 인지기능 개선 효과를 확인할 수 있었으며, 엽산 400-800 ㎍, 비타민 B₁₂ 25-500 ㎍, 비타민 B₆ 20 mg의 용량을 복합 또는 엽산을 단독으로 6개월 이상 중재할 경우 혈중 호모시스테인 농도 감소와 인지능력개선을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.563-567
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• 2006

Two experiments were conducted to compare the effect of various vitamins on performance and digestibility in growing pigs. In experiment 1, a total of 54 pigs ($L{\times}Y{\times}D$, $42.73{\pm}2.40kg$) were assigned to three treatments in a randomized complete block design with three replicates (6 pigs/pen) for 40 days. The three dietary treatments were: 100% fat-soluble vitamins (FSV) and water-soluble vitamins (WSV); 150% FSV and 100% WSV of NRC (1998); and 100% FSV and 150% WSV of NRC (1998). In experiment 2, a total of 180 pigs ($L{\times}Y{\times}D$, $28.20{\pm}3.05 kg$) were assigned to four treatments in a completely randomized design with three replicates for four weeks (15 pigs/pen). The four dietary treatments were, 150% vitamin A and 100% other vitamins, 150% vitamin D and 100% other vitamins, 150% vitamin E and 100% other vitamins, and 150% vitamin K and 100% other vitamins. In experiment 1, there were significant differences in growth performance and digestibility of nutrients among the treatments. The ADG, ADFI and FCR of pigs fed 150% FSV diet were better (p<0.05) than those fed the control diet. However, there were no differences (p>0.05) in ADG, ADFI and FCR between pigs fed the control and 150% WSV diets. Digestibilities of dry matter, gross energy and calcium were improved in 150% FSV treatment group compared with control (p<0.05). However, the improvement was similar when compared with 150% WSV except for Ca. In experiment 2, there were no differences (p>0.05) in ADG, ADFI and FCR and nutrient digestibility between the fat-soluble vitamin treatments when fed at the 150% level. In conclusion, growing pigs were more responsive to additional fat-soluble vitamin supplements over the requirements suggested by NRC (1998) than to water-soluble vitamin supplements as measured by growth performance and digestibility of nutrients.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.208-219
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• 2015

Objectives: According to preceding studies, many people with mental disability have unbalanced dietary habits or excessive intake of calories. Most of them are overweight or obese due to lack of self-control for food consumption, swallowing with inadequate chewing and physical inactivity. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the nutritional intake, including carotenoid, in mentally disabled people and find out a possible solution for nutritional improvement. Methods: People with intellectual disability (N=28), emotional disability (N=44) participated in this study. The disorder grades were from I to III and ages were between 20 and 65 years. Assessments included anthropometry, daily intake of nutrients, including carotenoid, ROMA III questionnaire for assessing bowel movement. Results: The average BMI of intellectually disabled people and emotionally disabled people was in the range of overweight and obesity respectively ($23.7{\pm}6.3kg/m^2$, $25.8{\pm}4.1kg/m^2$). Overall, the frequencies of vegetable and dairy product intakes were lower in this population. When compared with Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI) from Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans 2010, the intakes of vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_2$ and calcium were insufficient in both groups. Also, lycopene intakes of carotenoid were low, compared with traditional Korean diet of the non-disabled people from the second year 2008 of the 4th National Health and Nutrition Survey. In addition, emotionally disabled people also had lower intake of cryptoxanthin. Conclusions: The mentally disabled people in this study showed lower intakes of vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_2$, calcium and carotenoids. Based on these findings, we recommend that it is important to encourage mentally disabled people to consume sufficient amounts of such nutrients in order to promote nutritional status.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.297-306
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• 2014

Basic information regarding the yield and nutritional composition of edible pork by-products, namely heart, liver, lung, stomach, spleen, uterus, pancreas, and small and large intestines, was studied. Our results revealed that the yields varied widely among the pork by-products examined; in particular, liver had the highest yield (1.35%); whereas, spleen had the lowest yield (0.16%). The approximate composition range (minimum to maximum) of these by-products was found to be: moisture 71.59-82.48%; fat 0.28-19.54%; ash 0.155-1.34%, and protein 8.45-22.05%. The highest protein, vitamin A, B2, B6, and total essential amino acid (EAA) contents were found in liver. Large intestine had the highest fat content and lowest EAA content. Heart had the highest vitamin B1 content, whereas pancreas had the highest niacin and vitamin B3 contents. The concentrations of Fe and Zn were highest in liver and pancreas. Total saturated fatty acids (SFA) levels and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) levels between the by-products ranged from 43.15-50.48%, and 14.92-30.16%, respectively. Furthermore, with the exception of large intestine, all the by-products showed favorable PUFA/SFA ratios. The study indicated that almost all of the pork by-products examined were good sources of important nutrients, and that these data will be of great importance in the promotion of the consumption of edible pork by-products, as well as their utilization in meat processing.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.624-632
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• 2007

가을울금과 봄울금의 채취시기에 따른 일반성분, 아미노산, 유리당 및 환원당 및 비타민 C와 $B_1$ 등의 함량을 비교분석 하였다. 가을울금과 봄울금의 수분, 조회분, 조단백 및 조지방 함량은 채취시기가 늦을수록 증가하였고, 가용성무질소분 함량은 채취시기가 늦을수록 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 구성아미노산은 채취시기가 늦을수록 아미노산의 함량이 증가하다가 다음해인 1월말에는 약간 감소하였으며, 총 아미노산에 대한 필수아미노산의 비율도 증가하였다. 유리 아미노산의 경우는 주된 성분은 구성아미노산과 비슷하였으나, 채취시기가 늦을수록 아미노산의 함량은 계속 증가 하였으며 총 아미노산에 대한 필수아미노산의 비율은 감소하였다. 구성아미노산과 유리아미노산 모두 가을울금이 더 높은 함유량을 보였다. 울금의 유리당 중 fructose는 채취시기가 늦어질수록 점차 증가하였으나, glucose와 sucrose는 감소하였으며, 총 함량은 채취시기가 늦어질수록 점차 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 유리당과 환원당 모두 가을울금이 더 높은 함유량을 보였다. 비타민 C와 $B_1$은 채취시기가 늦어질수록 그 함량이 가을울금은 감소하였으나 봄울금은 증가하였으며, 비타민 C는 가을울금이 더 높았으나 $B_1$의 경우는 봄울금이 더 높게 나타나 유의적인 차이를 보였다(p<0.05).

• 약학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.243-250
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• 1996

In order to formulate aqueous multivitamin solutions containing both oil-soluble (A, D, E) and water-soluble vitmains ($B_1,\;B_2,\;B_6,\;B_{12}$, C and niacinamide) in 1ml-dose, the effects of various additives such as cosolvents (propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, glycerin), a sweetener (sorbitol) and a surfactant (Cremophor$^{\circledR}$ RH40) on the solubility of oil-soluble vitamins in water were evaluated. Cremophor$^{\circledR}$ RH40 showed the excellent capacity on the solubilization of oil-soluble vitamins, and the simultaneous addition of cosolvents and surfactant resulted in synergetic effects on the solubilization of oil-soluble vitamins. The effects of the combination of the cosolvents and sweetener on the stability of multivitamin solutions were also evaluated by determining the amount of vitmain A and $B_1$ remained in the solutions after storing at $40^{\circ}C$ for 9 weeks. The formulation consisting of Cremophor$^{\circledR}$ RH40 15%, PG 20%, and sorbitol 20% resulted in the best stability of vitamin A and $B_1$. The stability of vitamin A and $B_1$ in this formulation was evaluated at 50, 60, and $70^{\circ}C$ up to 40 days. The shelf-lives of vitamin A and $B_1$ in the formulation, calculated using the Arrhenius equation, were 1,521 days and 475 days at $20^{\circ}C$, respectively.