• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.281-284
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• 2010

Purpose: Pseudohypoparathyroidism is a hereditary disorder characterized by symptoms and signs of hypoparathyroidism, typically in association with distinctive skeletal and developmental defects. Hypoparathyroidism is caused by a insufficient end-organ response to PTH (parathyroid hormone). Hypoparathyroidism consists of four types in which the most common form, pseudohypoparathyroidism-Ia, accompany with Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy. We experienced a case of a woman who had been suffering from calcified mass on left foot, diagnosed Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy. Methods: We present a case of a 24-year-old Korean female who visited plastic surgery department with a painful mass on dorsum of the left foot. On the physical exam, bony hard and painful mass, fixed to dermis, was noted. Plain X-ray films demonstrate suspicious calcification on subcutaneous tissue of dorsum of the left foot. The patient was diagnosed pseudohypoparathyroidism 2 years ago at the plastic surgery department. At the visiting time, the laboratory results were within normal range even though the patient actually had a disease. The reason is because the patient has been treated with Vit.D, calcium replacement therapy and thyroid hormone therapy. Moreover, the patient has been treated with anticonvulsant agents due to epilepsy. On the brain computer tomography (CT), calcification was noted on the basal ganglia and dentate nucleus. So we decided the total excision of entire mass from the left foot. Results: We excised main mass with numerous pinhead sized masses which were scattered around the main mass. The $6.0{\times}4.0{\times}0.5\;cm$ sized main mass was bony hard, and its surface was flat and margin was irregular. The permanent biopsy was confirmed that the main mass and all the scattered tiny masses were heterotopic calcification. The patient did not suffer from the pain after the mass excision. The wound has been healed without any problem. Conclusions: Heterotrophic calcification is often accompanied with pseudohypoparathyroidism, but such a huge one is uncommon. We report a case of pseudohypoparathyroidism with heterotrophic calcification developed in dorsum of left foot who was diagnosed by excisional biopsy.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.51-58
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• 1991

This study was conducted to investigate the dietary and nutritional status supplied by group feeding for blue color and white color in Seoul and Kyunggi area. The results are summarized as follows : 1. Blue color and white color of the average food supply per person per day was 1370.0g. Blue color of the total fool supply was consisted of 35.1% grain, 44.1% vegetables. White color of the total fool supply was consisted of 31.8% grain, 44.0% vegetable. The amount of milk product, fruit and fat supply were very small. 2. Blue color and white color of the ratio of main dish and side dish supplied was 69 : 31, 60.0 : 39.7. 3. Main dish all is rice. Side dish ard kinds of soupes and Jigeai Johngol in the two groups. In the kind of side dish white color much more than blue color. Dessert are scarcely supplied in the two groups. 4. The mean daily supplies of energy and 9 nutrients were above the level of the R.D.A. Blue color and white color of the mean daily amount of energy supply was 2653.0㎉ 3022.6㎉. Blue color and white color of the ratio of carbohydrate, protein, and fat supplied was 68.4%, 18.6%, 13.1%, and 62.1%, 20.9%, 17.0%. 5. Blue color and white color of the average feeding cost amounts to 460won, 812won per meal. 6. Blue color; There were high correlations in supply amoung energy, protein, fat. Carbohydrate, calcium, iron, riboflavin, niacin. White color; There were high correlation in supply amoung energy, protein, carbohydrate, calcium, iron, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vit-C.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.715-722
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• 1995

Orthodontic tooth movement in response to orthodontic force results from actions of osteoclasts and osteeoblasts in the cell level. Convincing evidence has now been provided to support the view that osteoclasts are derived from mononuclear cells that originate in the bone marrow or other hematopoietic organs and they migrate to the bones via vascular routes. Nitric oxide(NO), which accounts for the biological properties of endothelium-derived relaxing factor(EDRF), is the endogenous stimulator of soluble guanylate cylase. The discovery of the formation of nitric oxide(NO) from L-arginine in mammalian tissues and its biological roles has, in the last 7 years, thrown new light onto many areas of research. Data from experiments in vitro showed that N-metyl-L-arginine(L-NMA) and L-nitro-L- arginine(L-NAME) are competitive inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase. This study suggest that the multinucleated cells in our culture have characteristics of osteoclasts and that the potential bone cell activity of nitric oxide in vitro may be mediated in part by stimulation of marrow mononuclear cells to form osteoclast-like cells. Bone marrow cells were obtaineed from tibia of 19-days old chick embryo. After sacrifice, tibia was quickly dissected and the bone were then split to expose the medullary bone. The cells were attached for 4 hours and the nonadherent cells were collected. Marrow cells weere cultured in 96-well plate in medium 199. To examine the number of TRAP-positive multinucleated cells(MNCs), $10^{-8}\;M\;Vit=D_3$ and various concentration of L-NMA and L-NAME weere added at the beginning of cultures and with each medium change. After 7 days of culture. tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase(TRAP) staining was performed for microscopic evaluation. Cells haying more than three nuclei per cell were counted as MNCs. The obsrved results were as follows;1. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamine $D_3$ stimulated the osteoclast-like multinucleated cells in cultures of chick embryo bone marrow. 2. Nitric oxide synthase inhibitors(NOSI ; N-NMA, N-NAME) stimulated the osteoclast-like cells in cultures of chick embry bone marrow. 3. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamine$D_3$ and nitric oxide synthase inhibitors did not appear to have additive effect on the generation of TRAP-positive MNCs. These results suggest that nitric oxide synthase inhibitors may stimulate the osteoclast-like multinucleated cell formation and fusion in cultures of chick bone marrow.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.515-523
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to investigate the variability in broiler performance, apparent metabolisable energy (AME) and ileal digestible energy (IDE) between five different maize samples fed with and without xylanase at 16,000 U/kg. Various in vitro characterisations were conducted to determine if any could predict performance or AME. Samples of the maize were harvested in five diverse regions and fed individually in a mash diet as follows (g/kg): test maize 608.3; soya bean meal (SBM) 324.1; poultry fat 25.2; salt 4.6; met 2.6; lys 1.6; thr 0.5; limestone 9.7, dical 18.4; vit/min 5.0; CP 210 and ME (kcal/kg) 3,085. The diets were fed to 720 broilers with 6 replicates, each containing 12 birds per treatment, from 0 to 18 d of age. Maize samples were analysed for starch, protein, crude fibre, fat, protein solubility index (PSI) and vitreousness using near infra red reflectance spectroscopy (NIR). They were also assayed using an in vitro starch digestibility method. The results showed that there was no effect of harvest region on the feed intake (FI), body weight gain (BWG) or feed conversion ratio (FCR) of the broilers over the 18 d period (p = 0.959, 0.926, 0.819 respectively). There was an improvement in all parameters with the addition of xylanase (FI p = 0.011; BWG and FCR p<0.001). There was a significant positive effect of xylanase on IDE, AME, IDE Intake (IDEI) and AME intake (AMEI) (p<0.0001 in all cases). Although there was no significant effect of maize source, there was a strong trend towards variability in IDE (p = 0.066) and AME (p = 0.058). There were no significant correlations (p<0.05) between any proximate or physiochemical values and any performance or AME values. This may suggest that none of those selected were suitable predictors for performance or AME. The broilers performed well according to the breed guidelines, with slightly increased FI, increased BWG and similar FCR prior to the addition of xylanase. When FCR and BWG were analysed with FI as a covariate, xylanase addition remained significant suggesting that the improvement in BWG and FCR was driven by an increase in digestibility and nutrient availability.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제31권2호통권85호
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• pp.237-248
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• 2001

치아이동에 대한 생력학적 반응은 골 형성과 재형성의 조합이라 할 수 있다. 골 형성과 흡수에는 국소적으로 작용하는 여러 부분비 인자가 관여한다. 대표적인 여성호르몬인 에스트로젠과 프로게스테론도 그 중의 한 인자로 성인 여성은 생리, 임신, 폐경 등 상태에 따라 체내 성호르몬 농도가 달라진다. 따라서 이러한 농도의 변화에 따라 골조직이 영향을 받을 수 있을 것으로 추정된다. 골모세포는 골흡수를 일으키는 호르몬인 PTH, Vit $D_3$ 등에 일차적으로 반응함으로써 골형성 뿐만 아니라 골흡수에도 일정한 역할을 하고 있어 파골 세포에 영향을 주는 부분비 인자도 추측해 볼 수있다. 본 연구에서는 ROS17/2.8 및 HOS 세포주를 배양하면서 에스트로젠 및 프로게스테론 등 여성 호르몬을 처리한후 골모세포의 증식과 활성에 미치는 영향을 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 에스트로젠은 HOS 세포의 증식을 억제하였으며 ROS17/2.8 세포의 증식은 촉진하는 것으로 관찰되었다. 2. 에스트로젠은 HOS 세포의 alkaline phosphatase 활성을 증가시켰고 ROS 세포에서는 효소활성을 억제하는 것으로 나타났다. 3. 프로게스테론은 HOS 및 ROS17/2.8 세포 모두의 증식을 억제하였으며 골모세포의 alkaline phosphatase 활성에는영향을 미치지 못하였다. 4. 에스트로젠과 프로게스테론은 골모세포내에서 생성되는 superoxide, nitric oxide 및 gelatinase 활성 등 골모세포의 기능에는 유의한 변화를 일으키지 않았다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.36-45
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• 1998

Dietary and other factors affecting bone density of 32 Korean healthy college women aged 19-23 years were assessed. Data for food and nutrient intake was obtained by a semiquantitiative food frequency questionnaire. Serum samples were anlayzed for total Ca, P, Ca++, PTH, calcitonin and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol , (25-OH-Vit D3) and BMDs of lumbar spine(L2-L4), femoral neck(FN), ward's triangle (WT) and trochanter(TR) were measured by an XR-series X-ray bone densitometer. Relationships between the factors and BMDs were analyzed by stepwise multiple regression analysis and Pearson's correlation coefficient(r). The results are summarized as follows. Mean daily intake of energy(86.1%), Ca(74.3%), vitamin A (53.75), Fe(49.75) and vitamin B$_2$(86.6%) were lower while other notrients incuding P(126%) were higher than the Korean RDA. The BMDs of lumbar spines and femurs ranged from 0.73g/$\textrm{cm}^2$ to 1.23g/$\textrm{cm}^2$and 0.48g/$\textrm{cm}^2$ to 1.04g/$\textrm{cm}^2$, respectively. Both protein and P intakes were inversely associated with serum total Ca. Furthermore, Ca intake as well as Ca/P ratio (Ca/P) were inversely associated with serum ionized Ca(Ca++) concentration. The intakes of protein P and Ca , however, were not significantly associated with the BMDs measured in this study. There were little association between BMDs and alcoholic beverage or caffeine consumption. The only significant association detected was a positive relationship between caffeine consumption and BMD of WT. It seemed to be noticeable that BMDs of L2-L$_4$, FN and WT were significantly inversely associated with serum P concentration. However, there was no significant association between BMDs and the levels of total Ca to Ca++ in serum. Body weight was positively associated with BMD of lumbar spine and BMI was also positively associated with BMDs of FN and WT. The subjects who had an early menarche appeared to have higher BMDs than those who had had a late mearche. According to stepwise multiple regression analysis. Menarche and BMI were stronger determinants of BMDs in the young women than was diet. P intake appeared to be a more potent dietary determinant than Ca intake. The three factors, menarche, BMI , and P intake , additionally accounted for 24% and 378% of the variance in BMDs of FN and L$_2$-L$_4$, respectively. Further investigation is necessary to determine the factors needed to increase serum P level which negatively affects. BMD in young Korean college women.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.139-144
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• 2002

Sterols play two major roles in plants: a bulk component in biological membranes and precursors of plant steroid hormones. Physiological effects of plant steroids, brassinosteroids (BRs), include cell elongation, cell division, stress tolerance, and senescence acceleration. Arabidopsis mutants that carry genetic defects in BR biosynthesis or its signaling display characteristic phenotypes, such as short robust inflorescences, dark-green round leaves, and sterility. Currently there are more than 100 dwarf mutants representing 7 genetic loci in Arabidopsis. Mutants of 6 loci, dwf1/dim1/cbb1, cpd/dwf3, dwf4, dwf5, det2/dwf6, dwf7 are rescued by exogenous application of BRs, whereas bri1/dwf2 shares phenotypes with the above 6 loci but are resistant to BRs. These suggest that the 6 loci are defective in BR biosynthesis, and the one locus is in BR signaling. Biochemical analyses, such as intermediate feeding tests, examining the levels of endogenous BR, and molecular cloning of the genes revealed that dwf7, dwf5, and dwf1 are defective in the three consecutive steps of sterol biosynthesis, from episterol to campesterol via 5-dehydroepisterol. Similarly, det2/dwf6, dwf4, and cpd /dwf3 were shown to be blocked in D$^4$reduction, 22a-hydroxylation, and 23 a-hydroxylation, respectively. A signaling mutant bril/dwf2 carries mutations in a Leucine-rich repeat receptor kinase. Interestingly, the bri1 mutant was shown to accumulate significant amount of BRs, suggesting that signaling and biosynthesis are dynamically coupled in Arabidopsis. Thus it is likely that transgenic plants over-expressing the rate-limiting step enzyme DWF4 as well as blocking its use by BRIl could dramatically increase the biosynthetic yield of BRs. When applied industrially, BRs will boost new sector of plant biotechnology because of its potential use as a precursor of human steroid hormones, a novel lead compound for cholesterol-lowering effects, and a various application in plant protection.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권20호
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• pp.9033-9038
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• 2014

Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of deep inspiration breath-hold (DIBH) based volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) for locally advanced left sided breast cancer patients undergoing radical mastectomy. DIBH immobilizes the tumor bed providing dosimetric benefits over free breathing (FB). Materials and Methods: Ten left sided post mastectomy patients were immobilized in a supine position with both the arms lifted above the head on a hemi-body vaclock. Two thermoplastic masks were prepared for each patient, one for normal free breathing and a second made with breath-hold to maintain reproducibility. DIBH CT scans were performed in the prospective mode of the Varian real time position management (RPM) system. The planning target volume (PTV) included the left chest wall and supraclavicular nodes and PTV prescription dose was 5000cGy in 25 fractions. DIBH-3DCRT planning was performed with the single iso-centre technique using a 6MV photon beam and the field-in-field technique. VMAT plans for FB and DIBH contained two partial arcs ($179^{\circ}-300^{\circ}CCW/CW$). Dose volume histograms of PTV and OAR's were analyzed for DIBH-VMAT, FB-VMAT and DIBH-3DCRT. In DIBH mode daily orthogonal ($0^{\circ}$ and $90^{\circ}$) KV images were taken to determine the setup variability and weekly twice CBCT to verify gating threshold level reproducibility. Results: DIBH-VMAT reduced the lung and heart dose compared to FB-VMAT, while maintaining similar PTV coverage. The mean heart $V_{30Gy}$ was $2.3%{\pm}2.7$, $5.1%{\pm}3.2$ and $3.3%{\pm}7.2$ and for left lung $V_{20Gy}$ was $18.57%{\pm}2.9$, $21.7%{\pm}3.9$ and $23.5%{\pm}5.1$ for DIBH-VMAT, FB-VMAT and DIBH-3DCRT respectively. Conclusions: DIBH-VMAT significantly reduced the heart and lung dose for left side chest wall patients compared to FB-VMAT. PTV conformity index, homogeneity index, ipsilateral lung dose and heart dose were better for DIBH-VMAT compared to DIBH-3DCRT. However, contralateral lung and breast volumes exposed to low doses were increased with DIBH-VMAT.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.43-47
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• 2022

핵의학 검체검사는 검사 결과의 품질 보증을 위해 내부정도관리 시스템을 체계화하여 질 관리를 시행하고 있다. 본 연구는 검사실 자체적인 허용 범위의 설정 시 참고가 될 수 있도록 여러 기관의 종목별 내부정도관리 및 외부정도관리의 변동계수 평균을 산출하여 종목별 질 관리 현황을 제공함으로써 핵의학 검체검사 결과의 품질 보증에 기여하고 체계적인 질 관리를 수행하고자 한다. 2020년 10월에서 2021년 12월까지 각 기관에서 시행한 42종목에 대한 내부정도관리 변동계수의 평균 및 10.0% 이상 이탈률을 구하였다. CV% 성적에 따라 상위 그룹(5.0% 이하), 중위 그룹(5.0~10.0%), 하위 그룹(10.0% 이상)으로 구분하여 비교하였고, 10.0% 이상 이탈률은 5개 이상 기관의 종목에 대해서 종양 표지자, 갑상선 호르몬, 기타 호르몬으로 분류하여 비교하였다. 2021년 1분기에서 4분기까지 28종목에 대해 외부정도관리 결과의 전체 평균 및 표준편차로 변동계수의 평균을 구하였다. 또한 2021년 상반기, 하반기 13종목에 대해 기관 간 숙련도 결과의 전체 평균 및 표준편차로 변동계수의 평균을 구하였다. 종목별로 내부정도관리 및 외부정도관리의 변동계수 평균을 비교하여 질 관리가 잘 이루어지는 종목과 관리에 주의가 필요한 종목을 비교 분석하였다. 6개 기관의 42종목에 대해 내부정도관리 변동계수의 평균을 산출한 결과 상위 그룹에 속하는 종목(5.0% 이하)은 ferritin, HGH, SHBG, 25-OH-VitD이며, 하위 그룹(10.0% 이상)은 cortisol, ATA, AMA, renin, estradiol이었다. 5개 이상 기관의 종양 표지자 8종목에 대해 변동계수의 10.0% 이상 이탈률은 CA-125와 CA-19-9가 우수한 성적을 나타내었으나, SCC-Ag와 CA-15-3 검사는 관리에 주의가 필요한 종목에 속했다. 갑상선 호르몬 7종목에 대해 변동계수의 10.0% 이상 이탈률을 비교한 결과 free T4와 T3 검사는 우수하였지만 AMA와 ATA는 관리에 주의가 필요해 보였다. 기타 호르몬 11종목에 대해 변동계수의 10.0% 이상 이탈률을 비교하였을 때 IGF-1, FSH, prolactin은 우수한 성적을 나타내었지만, estradiol, testosterone, cortisol은 관리에 주의가 필요한 종목에 속했다. 28종목에 대해 외부정도관리를 참여하는 전체 기관에 대한 변동계수 평균을 산출한 결과 상위 그룹에 속하는 종목(10.0% 이하)은 HGH, SCC-Ag이었으며, 하위 그룹(30.0% 이상)은 ATA, estradiol, TSI, thyroglobulin이었다. 6개 기관의 42종목에 대해 평가한 결과 변동계수가 3.7~12.2%로 하위 그룹과 상위 그룹이 3.3배의 차이를 보였다. 변동계수의 값이 높은 cortisol, ATA, AMA, renin, estradiol 검사들은 정밀도를 향상시키기 위한 개선 활동들이 지속적으로 이루어져야 할 것이다. 또한 HBs-Ab를 제외한 41종목에 대해 내부정도관리 및 외부정도관리, 기관 간 숙련도 참여기관의 전체 CV% 평균을 산출하여 비교한 결과 ATA, AMA, renin, estradiol 검사는 높은 허용범위 설정을 권장한다. 설정된 허용범위를 기준으로 체계적인 질 관리를 수행한다면 핵의학 검체검사 결과의 정확도 및 신뢰도를 향상시킬 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식물생명공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물생명공학회 2002년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.69-75
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• 2002

Sterols play two major roles in plants: a bulk component in biological membranes and precursors of plant steroid hormones. Physiological effects of plant steroids, brassinosteroids (BRs), include cell elongation, cell division, stress tolerance, and senescence acceleration. Arabidopsis mutants that carry genetic defects in BR biosynthesis or its signaling display characteristic phenotypes, such as short robust inflorescences, dark-green round leaves, and sterility. Currently there are more than 100 dwarf mutants representing 7 genetic loci in Arabidopsis. Mutants of 6 loci, dwf1/dim1/cbb1, cpd/dwf3, dwf4, dwf5, det2/dwf6, dwf7 are rescued by exogenous application of BRs, whereas bri1/dwf2 shares phenotypes with the above 6 loci but are resistant to BRs. These suggest that the 6 loci are defective in BR biosynthesis, and the one locus is in BR signaling. Biochemical analyses, such as intermediate feeding tests, examining the levels of endogenous BR, and molecular cloning of the genes revealed that dwf7, dwf5, and dwf1 are defective in the three consecutive steps of sterol biosynthesis, from episterol to campesterol via 5-dehydroepisterol. Similarly, det2/dwf6, dwf4, and cpd/dwf3 were shown to be blocked in $D^4$ reduction, 22a-hydroxylation, and 23 a-hydroxylation, respectively. A signaling mutant bri1/dwf2 carries mutations in a Leucine-rich repeat receptor kinase. Interestingly, the bri1 mutant was shown to accumulate significant amount of BRs, suggesting that signaling and biosynthesis are dynamically coupled in Arabidopsis. Thus It is likely that transgenic plants over-expressing the rate-limiting step enzyme DWF4 as well as blocking its use by BRI1 could dramatically increase the biosynthetic yield of BRs. When applied industrially, BRs will boost new sector of plant biotechnology because of its potential use as a precursor of human steroid hormones, a novel lead compound for cholesterol-lowering effects, and a various application in plant protection.