• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.138-150
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• 2020

Pedestrians are the most vulnerable road users. According to one analysis of traffic accidents over a five year period, pedestrians accounted for about 40% of all road traffic deaths in South Korea. Although some policy and engineering approaches have been taken to reduce and prevent traffic accidents, the annual accident change rate is -0.7%, which is insufficient. This study verifies the effectiveness of presenting visual messages to pedestrians and the effect from adding auditory messages to the visual messages. The experiment was conducted on crosswalks adjacent to an intersection, and safety behaviors were recorded for a total of 898 pedestrians and considered sufficient. As a result of the study, overall pedestrian safety behavior improved when both visual and auditory messages were presented, rather than just visual messages. Therefore, the results indicate it is more effective to provide a mixed visual/auditory form of messages, rather than providing single stimulus messages.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.29-34
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• 2013

This study attempted to compare usability of auditory interfaces, which is a comprehensive concept that includes safety, utility, effectiveness, and efficiency, in personal computing environments: verbal messages (speech sounds), earcons (musical sounds), and auditory icons (natural sounds). This study hypothesized that verbal messages would offer higher usability than earcons and auditory icons, since the verbal messages are easy to interpret and understand based on semiotic process. In this study, usability was measured by a set of seven items: ability to inform what the program is doing, relevance to visual interfaces, degree of stimulation, degree of understandability, perceived time pressure, clearness of sound outputs, and degrees of satisfaction. Through the experimental research, the results showed that verbal messages provided the highest level of usability. On the contrary, auditory icons showed the lowest level of usability, as they require users to establish new coding schemes, and thus demand more mental effort from users.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.70-82
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• 2022

At the current stage of a semi-autonomous vehicle, there are situations in which the vehicle has to request take-over control to the driver quickly. However, current self-driving cars use only simple messages and warning sounds to notify drivers when handing over control, so they do not adequately convey considerations of individual characteristics or explanations of various emergent situations. This study investigated how visual and auditory information and the efficacy of drivers in self-driving cars can improve efficient take-over requests between the car and the driver. We found that there were significant differences in driver's cognitive load, reliability, safety, usability, and usefulness according to the combination of three visual and auditory information provided in the experiment of the take-over request situation. The results of this study are expected to help design self-driving vehicles that can communicate more safely and efficiently with drivers in urgent control transition situations.

• Journal of Platform Technology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.24-35
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• 2021

High-speed military aircraft shall be able to identify and resolve enemy threats or internal component defects with survival equipment and warning systems to minimize casualties. Warning system is divided into visual method with symbolic display and auditory method with communication equipment, which is superior in that they it has a short response time and does not cause pilot confusion by listening to simple messages. Thus, this paper suggested and evaluated effective design methods of voice/tone warning systems for military aircraft based on a life cycle perspective. Since military aircraft is safety-sensitive, priorities and three properties(Inhibitible, Interruptible, and Deactivatable) were applied to each warning to reflect criticality and urgency. As a result, we confirmed that it took 40ms to play the voice warnings, satisfying all requirements through V model-based development and testing, and improving product reliability.