• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.68-76
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• 2016

Objectives: To find evidence that sleep is necessary for normal brain function, thus indicating that declines in both sleep quality and quantity are related to worse performance of many daily tasks and deteriorated physical functions. The present study investigates the relationships of balance control and reaction time with sleep quality. Methods: 58 healthy (male 20, female 38) volunteers with informed consent participated in this study. The Self-reported Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to evaluate sleep quality and relevant factors, and the subjects were divided into groups A (PSQI < 5) and B ($PSQI{\geq}5$) based on this index. Static balance control and reaction time to visual stimuli were conducted to assess their relationship with sleep quality. Results: Group B exhibited excessive daytime sleepiness significantly more often compared to group A. Static balance control did not markedly change relative to sleep quality, but reaction time and error to visual stimuli were significantly increased in group B compared to group A. Conclusion: These findings indicate that a decline in sleep quality can result in delayed reactions, as well as decreased accuracy of these reactions. They also suggest that low sleep quality may be associated with changes in physical functions, including balance control through reduced selective attention.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.471-480
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• 2007

Negative emotions play an important function as to human's existence. In this research, we employed the audio-visual film clips to induce negative emotions and examined the classified responses in the autonomic nervous system(ANS) due to each negative emotion.30 adults(22.6 years $old{\pm}1.24$, 15 males and 15 females) took part in this experiment. Through the preliminary experiment, 2 minutes film's stimuli were selected as the emotion-induced stimuli. During the period when participants were viewing and listening to the selected movie, EDA and ECG were examined as soon as one stimulus was displayed, participants were tested by completing the psychological appraisals of their experienced emotion due to each emotional stimulus. With regard to the result of analyzing the psychological responses, each negative emotion appropriately and effectively induced its target emotion. While concerning the result of analyzing ANS responses, each negative emotion induced its respective activation in ANS. What is more, compared with other types of negative emotional stimuli, the scaring stimulus induced higher activation of the sympathetic nervour system(SNS) as to the indexes in EDh and ECG. This research made segmentation of ANS responses to each negative emotion, which has its significance.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.13 no.6 s.59
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• pp.1011-1022
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the differences of visual evaluatations by variations in the location of the waistband of the one-piece dress. The stimuli are 13 samples. The data has been obtained from 30 fashion design majors. The data has analyzed by Factor Analysis, Anova, Duncan's Test and Correlation. The results of the study are as follows. The visual effects by the location of the waistband are composed of 3 factors: the length of the body, the width of the body, the flexuosity of the lower body. The visual image by the location of the waistband are composed of 4 factors: attraction, maturity, attention, elegance. The visual effects by the location of the waistband have significant differnces all factors. (N.W.+6), (N.W.+8) have the best visual effect in the factor of the length of the body, (N.W.+4) in the factor of the width of the body, and (N.W.-12) in the factor of the flexuosity of the lower body. The visual image by the location of the waistband have significant differnces all factors. The higher the band goes, the more positive visual image comes in maturity, attraction, elegance. However, in attention, the lower the band goes toward the hips, the better visual image comes.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.99-104
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• 2014

Generally, human eye blinks are closely associated with the cognitive state or visual attention such as attentional requirements on visual stimuli. These previous studies have reported that eye blinks are related to explicit visual attention using blink rate, pattern and blink timing across subjects. However, these results have been obtained in a well-controlled experimental settings. So, it would prove difficult to investigate human's natural response in a continuous and realistic situation. In our study, we measured the eye blink intervals while participants viewed a movie clip. And we analyzed the blink interval data for relationship between visual attention and eye blink intervals. 24 participants took part in two experimental sessions, first session to measure the IEBI while viewing the movie clip and second session to conduct a memory performance test using a self-questionnaire, which were spaced 3 weeks apart. The results indicate significantly higher memory performance at long IEBI period than short IEBI period while watching a movie clip(t = 3.257, df = 17, p < 0.005, 2-tailed). In addition, memory performance score significantly correlated with the IEBI value(spearman's rho = 0.40, N = 36, p < 0.01, 2-tailed). Our results suggest that IEBI is used to measure or assess visual attention while wiewing the movie that it is capable of simulating aspects of real-life experiences by visual attention. Thus, we expect IEBI to be used to measure or assess our visual attention, cognition, further emotion about not only movies, advertisements and other cultural contents but also cognitive science.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.76-88
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• 2009

This study has the purposes to search the most visually effective and appropriate number of pleats and skirt length, when it's worn, with the changes in the number of pleats and skirt length that could be influential in analyzing the visual evaluation of pleats skirt and to analyze the changes when those factors are applied in real pattern. The stimuli were 18 samples: 6 variations of the number of pleats and 3 variations of the length of skirt. The data were obtained from 54 fashion design majors. The data were analyzed by Factor Analysis, Anova, Scheffe's Test and the MCA method. The results of the study were as follows: The visual image by the number of pleats and the length of skirt were composed of 4 factors : activity, attraction, neatness and commonness. In these factors, activity factor was estimated by the most important factor. The visual image according to the changes in the number of pleats and skirt length had significant differences, and the pleats skirts with 12 and 16 number of pleats and 38cm of skirt length were evaluated to be the most effective. The activity factor had interaction influence effect according to the number of pleats and the skirt length. The skirt length had more influence than the number of pleats in attraction and neatness factors, and the other way around for commonness factor.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.861-872
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to objectively explain the visual sensibility of clothing pattern and develop the design of clothing pattern that satisfies the consumer's sensibility. The photos stimuli on clothing pattern are divided into source, presentation, layout and are composed of each 6 photos per chapter totally 48 photos and semantic differential bi-polar scales are consist of 27 couples sensibility words. The subjects were 400 females in the twenties. Data were analyzed by SAS. The major finds were as follows: 1. As a result of the factor analysis, 4 factors of visual sensibility were consist of Coordination, Hardness and Softness, Attention, Rhythm. 2. As to the difference of visual sensibility based on the composition of clothing pattern, there were differences Hardness and Softness, Rhythm by source and there were significant differences among 4 factors by presentation and layout. 3. According to the age and education level, there were significant differences in Attention, Rhythm and according to the consuming areas, there were significant differences in Coordination, Rhythm. 4. According to sensibility positioning, The clothing pattern was classified as soft-hard, simple-complicated. 5. As a result of the regression analysis, preference, consuming desire and satisfaction appears to be closely related. Good quality is related with total clothing image which is brought about composition of clothing pattern.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.563-569
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• 2011

Objective: This study focuses on the effects of pre-cues informing the location of upcoming visual stimulus on finger movement response in the context of control-on-display interfaces. Background: Previous research on pre-cues focus on attention allocation and motion studies were limited to indirect control conditions. The design of this study aimed to collect data on the exact landing point for finger-tap responses to a given visual stimulus. Method: Controlled visual stimuli and tasks were presented on a UI evaluation system built using mobile web standards; response accuracy and response time were measured and collected as appropriate. Among the 16 recruited participants, 11 completed the experiment. Results: Providing pre-cue on the location of stimulus affected response time and response accuracy. The response bias, which is a distance from the center of stimulus to the finger-tap location, was larger when the pre-cue was given during a one-handed operation. Conclusion: Given a pre-cue, response time decreases, but with accuracy penalized. Application: In designing touch-screen UI's - more strictly, visual components also acting as controllers - designers would do well to balance human perceptual and cognitive characteristics strategically.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.127-137
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to recognize the differences of visual evaluation by variations in width of hem line and waistline position of the flare pants. The stimuli are 9 samples: One control group, 3 variations of the width of hem line and 3 variations of the waistline position. The data has been obtained from 44 fashion students. The data has been analyzed by Factor Analysis, Anova, Scheffe's Test and the MCA method. The results of the study are as follows: The visual evaluation by the width of hem line and waistline position of flare pants are composed of 5 factors : physical characteristics, elegance, originality, comfort, and stiffness. Among these factors, the physical characteristic is evaluated to be the most important factor. As a v isual evaluation result o f changes in the width o f hern l ine, 8 4 cm in width (the narrowest width) was highly evaluated in physical characteristics, elegance, and originality factors. For the result of changes in the waistline position, high-waisted flare pants were highly effective in physical characteristics, and also evaluated well in elegance, originality and stiffness factors. The flare pants did not show any interaction between the width of hem line and waistline position. The waistline position had more influence on visual evaluation in physical characteristics, originality and comfort factors while elegance and stiffness factors were affected by the width of hem line.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture Conference
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• 2007.10b
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• pp.214-219
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• 2007

Psychological and physiological effects of plants were studied by investigating human responses while observing plants. Eighteen healthy adult male(aged between $19{\sim}25$ years) participated in this study. Semantic differential method(SD method) and multi-channel near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS) were used to survey verbal and non-verbal response, respectively. Cerebral hemodynamics as a new evaluation index of brain activity was recorded for right brain hemisphere where visual information is mainly delivered. Thirty seconds of cerebral blood flow in forty seven channels were calculated when watching five types of picture images with different rates of hedge against gray block wall; 0:10, 3:7, 5:5, 7:3, 10:0. In the SD results, similar evaluations were found in all subjects. However, the change of cerebral hemodynamics as a non-verbal response varied among subjects. Largely two patterns of hemodynamics change were found with increasing plants rate in picture images; group A showed significant decreases of blood flow volume in many cortical regions, Group B had significant increase of blood flow volume in the occipital region for the scenes seen comparatively more plant. Our findings on the cerebral hemodynamics may indicate that there are two patterns of brain activity during observation of plants; group A in which brain areas associated with visual information and thinking work simultaneously to the visual stimuli; group B in which brain areas associated only with visual information work.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.11-12
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• 2011