• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.16-26
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• 1999

Five soil mixture with seven turfgrass species when placed over a plastic sheet were evaluated for influence on covering rate, visual rating, visual color and sad development. The result were as follows. 1. The last covering rate was high on sand+bark and on Kentucky bluegrass, respectively while the early covering rate was high on sand+peat and on perennial ryegrass and tall fescue. respectively. 2. Both sand and sand+sandy loam caused poor effects on the covering rate and the visual rating. 3. The early growth was good on perennial ryegrass but the covering rate and the visual rating gradually turned poor because of summer drought. 4. Visual color was high on sand+bark and on Kentucky bluegrass, respectively. 5. Covering rate, visual rating and visual color was best evaluated on Kentucky bluegrass during winter. 6. Sad was highly developed on sand+bark and sand+peat as compared with on the other soil mixture. 7. The carpet-type sad was best developed on Kentucky bluegrass.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.287-296
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• 2011

This study examines the influences of correlated color temperature and illuminance on visual perception and temporary mood sensation in a small office. Field measurements and surveys were conducted in a full-scale mock-up model. Twenty subjects participated in the survey under six lighting conditions formed by three color temperature and two illuminance levels. Results indicate that 4000 K color temperature was effective to mitigate glare sensation from light source. Lamps with low color temperature such as 2700 K was not recommended for office lighting since they are likely to caused glare and visual discomfort. Preferred color temperature was 4000 K and 6500 K for 750 lx and 500 lx target illuminance respectively. The increase of illuminance was not an effective contributor to improve mood perception. The illuminance should be lower than 500 lx to achieve good mood, but the illuminance level in office space should be considered with visual performance simultaneously. This study suggests that fluorescent lighting fixtures with 4000 K lamps would be usefully used for office lighting since they formed friendly conditions for better visual performance.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.553-561
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• 2010

This study examines the influence of light variation on visual responses in a small office space where a daylight dimming control system is applied. Field measurements and survey were performed in a full-scale mocked-up small office space under clear sky day conditions. Maximum fluctuation range for desktop was 133.5 lx and it just happened once for entire monitoring period. For the majority of time, the fluctuation range did not exceed 50 lx, which did not cause visual discomfort to subjects. The daylight dimming control system successfully kept required illuminance levels for an office environment when desktop illuminance by daylight ranged up to 300 lx. The most serious contributor to the sensation of glare was direct daylight through window. The dimming of electric light was not a significant contributor to visual discomfort for the subjects under clear sky day conditions. Visual comfort was significantly influenced by the sensation of glare, feeling for visual stimulation and distraction, and required illuminance level.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.9-17
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• 2009

인공조명으로부터 유발되는 볼쾌글레어는 건강건축의 조명환경을 위한 중요한 평가요소이다. 글레어는 인간의 전체시야범위 내에서 휘도와 휘도대비에 의해 발생되는 감각으로서 정의되며, 시각적 작업을 수행하는 재실자에게 시작업의 방해를 일으켜 시각적 불쾌감을 유발할 수도 있다. 글레어는 글레어 광원의 위치, 글레어 광원의 밝기, 글레어 광원의 크기와 배경의 휘도에 의한 영향으로 평가될 수 있다. 따라서 변수를 제외한 나머지 요소들을 일정한 상태로 유지할 수 있는 실험기기가 글레어 평가를 위해 필요하다. 최근까지 글레어 평가기기의 성능한계로 인하여 글레어 요소들 간의 상관관계를 확인함에 있어서 제한이 있었다. 이에 선행연구를 참고하여 글레어 실험기기를 제작하고 이 기기를 글레어측정기기라고 명명하였다. 글레어측정기기는 지름 2[m] 반구형 스크린 내부 표면을 균일한 배경휘도 형성을 위해 흰색 무광택 도료로 마감하였으며, 광원들이 내부에 설치되어 있다. 글레어 광원은 $0{\sim}150,000[cd/m^2]$까지 조정이 가능하며 12개의 백열램프에 의한 배경휘도는 $0{\sim}350[cd/m^2]$까지 조정이 가능하다. 글레어 측정기기를 사용하여 피험자를 대상으로 시야범위 한계, 시선상의 BCD휘도와 상하부 시야에서의 BCD휘도 측정에 대한 연구가 진행되었다.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.151-154
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• 2010

목적: 시축과 홍채의 편심에 따른 정밀모형안의 광학적 성능 변화를 분석하고자 하였다. 방법: 기존에 설계되어진 Radial GRIN과 Spherical GRIN 형태의 수정체를 갖는 정밀모형안을 이용하여 홍채의 위치를 코 방향으로 0.5 mm 편심시키고 시축은 절점을 기준으로 코방향으로 $5^{\circ},$ 아래로 $2.5^{\circ}$ 기울여 중심와의 위치에 상측초점이 위치하도록 하였다. 그리고, 실제의 눈과 동일하도록 광학계를 구성하여 광학적 성능 변화를 분석하였다. 결과: 전체적인 수차 분포가 실안의 성능과 비교하여 많은 차이를 나타내고 있었다. 특히, 광학계의 중앙 부위를 통과하는 영역에서 가장 큰 차이를 나타내고 있었다. 그리고, 구면수차가 가장 큰 차이를 나타냈으며, 주변부 굴절력 오차와 상면만곡은 (+) 방향으로 수차분포가 치우쳐져 있었다. 결론: 시축과 홍채 편심을 고려한 실안과 유사한 정밀모형안을 설계하는데 있어서 가장 유념해야 할 부분은, 광학계의 중앙 부위를 통과하는 영역에서의 수차 보정이다. 먼저, 가장 큰 차이를 나타내고 있는 구면수차를 보정하고, (+)방향으로 치우쳐 있는 주변부 굴절력 오차와 상면만곡은 (-)방향으로 이동하도록 고려해야 할 것이다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.28-35
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the visual preference factors for river scenery, which can vary according to changes in water levels, to estimate the optimal ratio of water surface/river width. Five locations on the Youngsan and Sumjin Rivers were selected as representative samples and field survey data such as channel geometry with water levels were prepared to develop the slide of river scenery, To estimate the level of satisfaction in river scenery, slides of 4 different water levels at each of the representative locations were developed through questionnaire. To analyse the correlation between the visual preference for river scenery and preference factors, a multi regression analysis method was adopted in this study. According to the results of the multi regression analysis, Factor B(Aesthetic factors) have the greatest affect on visual preferences and Factor A(A Feeling of Open space and Physical factors) affect significantly to visual preferences for river scenery. The results of analysis shows that the most preferred W/B ratio varies from 0.5 to 0.7 and this result indicates that many people prefer high levels river flow to maintain a natural and harmonious view of rivers. The results of this study will contribute to the field of river landscape design and river restoration projects in order to maximize the human being's satisfaction as a part of nature.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.572-580
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• 2020

최근 출시된 AI스피커들은 사용자와의 인터랙션에 있어 주로 음성으로 상호작용하면서 상태 표시LED를 통해 단순하고 정형화된 시각 피드백을 하는 패턴을 보이고 있다. 이는 스피커라는 제품 특성상 인터랙션의 제약이 많기 때문이기도 하지만 이러한 시각적 피드백마저 제품마다 통일되어 있지 않아 사용자에게 일관된 경험을 주지 못하고 있는 상황이다. LED 표시등으로 표현할 수 있는 시각 요소를 극대화하여 색과 추상적 움직임을 통해 음성 피드백을 보조한다면 사용자에게 기능성의 충족을 넘어 감성적 만족까지 포함하는 확장된 사용 경험을 제공할 수 있을 것이다. 본 연구에서는 기존 AI스피커들의 인터랙션 방식 분석 후, 시각 피드백 효과 확장을 위해 색채 커뮤니케이션 이론에 대해 고찰하고, 색채만으로 감성적 경험을 극대화한 미술 장르인 색면추상의 의미와 표현 기법을 조사하였다. 이를 통해 LED를 이용하여 커뮤니케이션 상태를 피드백하는 방식을 디자인함으로써 AI스피커의 시각 커뮤니케이션 기능성을 확장하고자 하였다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.121-127
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• 2016

Purpose: To investigate treatment outcome and long term complication after surgery and radiotherapy (RT) for pituitary adenoma. Materials and Methods: From 1990 to 2009, 73 patients with surgery and RT for pituitary adenoma were analyzed in this study. Median age was 51 years (range, 25 to 71 years). Median tumor size was 3 cm (range, 1 to 5 cm) with suprasellar (n = 21), cavernous sinus extension (n = 14) or both (n = 5). Hormone secreting tumor was diagnosed in 29 patients; 16 patients with prolactin, 12 patients with growth hormone, and 1 patient with adrenocorticotrophic hormone. Impairment of visual acuity or visual field was presented in 33 patients at first diagnosis. Most patients (n = 64) received RT as postoperative adjuvant setting. Median RT dose was 45 Gy (range, 45 to 59.4 Gy). Results: Median follow-up duration was 8 years (range, 3 to 22 years). In secreting tumors, hormone normalization rate was 55% (16 of 29 patients). For 25 patients with evaluable visual field and visual acuity test, 21 patients (84%) showed improvement of visual disturbance after treatment. The 10-year tumor control rate for non-secreting and secreting adenoma was 100% and 58%, respectively (p < 0.001). Progression free survival rate at 10 years was 98%. Only 1 patient experienced endocrinological recurrence. Following surgery, 60% (n = 44) suffered from pituitary function deficit. Late complication associated with RT was only 1 patient, who developed cataract. Conclusion: Surgery and RT are very effective and safe in hormonal and tumor growth control for secreting and non-secreting pituitary adenoma.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.998-1004
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• 2008

In this paper, a visual servoing control technique of humanoid robot arms is implemented for tracking a moving object. An embedded time-delayed controller is designed on an FPGA(Programmable field gate array) chip and implemented to control humanoid robot arms. The position of the moving object is detected by a stereo vision camera and converted to joint commands through the inverse kinematics. Then the robot arm performs visual servoing control to track a moving object in real time fashion. Experimental studies are conducted and results demonstrate the feasibility of the visual feedback control method for a moving object tracking task by the humanoid robot arms called the ROBOKER.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2002년도 ITC-CSCC -1
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• pp.273-276
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• 2002

Pulse-Coupled Neural Network (PCNN), which can explain the synchronous burst of neurons in a cat visual cortex, is a fundamental model for the biomimetic vision. The PCNN is a kind of pulse coded neural network models. In order to get deep understanding of the visual information Processing, it is important to simulate the visual system through such biologically plausible neural network model. In this paper, we construct the motion detection model based on the PCNN with the receptive field models of neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus and the primary visual cortex. Then it is shown that this motion detection model can detect the movements and the direction of motion effectively.