• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.7-18
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• 2003

This study was to investigate the effects(pain, discomfort, and range of motion) of heat therapy according to the application time among the elderly with osteoarthritis. Study participants were 27 elderly women, who were diagnosed as osteoarthritis, suffered from it for more than 6 months, and who were staying at a nursing home in Busan. The independent variable was heat therapy, which was applied for 20minutes, one time per week according to 3 timetable(before waking up, while in daily living, before going to bed) over 6 weeks. The dependent variables were pain and discomfort measured by 20 points visual analog scales, and range of extension and flexion measured by goniometery. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and repeated measures ANOVA. The results were as follows ; 1) There were significant differences for pain(F=9.77 p=.0001), discomfort(F=8.07 p=.001), range of extension(F=3.05 p=.05), and flexion(F=9.67 p=.0001) among heat therapy application times. 2) There were significant differences for pain(F=58.18 p=.0001), discomfort(F=63.68 p=.0001), range of extension(F=11.59 p=.001), and flexion(F=17.59 p=.0001) between before and after applying heat therapy. 3) There were not statistically significant differences for pain(F=.64 p=.531), discomfort(F=.18 p=.836), range of extension(F=1.33 p=.270), and fiexion(F=.26 p=.773) between before and after applying heat therapy according to the heat therapy application times. In conclusion, heat therapy was effective in reducing pain and discomfort, and in improving ROM for the elderly with osteoarthritis, but the effect of it was not different according to the time of application. We recommended further studies with larger sample size, longer and more repeatedly applied to investigate the effect of heat therapy according to the time of application.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.269-282
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• 2023

Purpose: Dental fear hinders patients from receiving appropriate dental treatment. In particular, the noise generated by high-speed air turbines and ultrasonic scalers can adversely affect patients. Many efforts have been made to reduce the discomfort caused by noise, but no methods are definitively recommended. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of active noise-canceling (ANC) headphones in reducing the pain and discomfort associated with dental scaling. Methods: Fifty-five patients requiring scaling and root planing, aged ≥19 years and showing no auditory problems, were included. Scaling was performed for the bilateral maxillary molars and premolars while patients wore headphones, with ANC turned either on or off. The degree of noise and pain reduction in the on and off conditions were surveyed using a visual analog scale (VAS). The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was performed to compare noise-and pain-related discomfort with ANC turned on and off. Results: The sample included 28 men and 27 women with a mean age of 45.45±13.12 years. The average noise-related discomfort score was 3.84±2.12 and 2.95±1.99 when noise-canceling was turned off and on, respectively, with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). Similarly, the average pain-related discomfort score was 3.78h±2.00 and 3.09±1.96 when noise-canceling was turned off and on, respectively, which was a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). Conclusions: The use of ANC headphones seems to reduce the discomfort caused by noise and pain in patients undergoing scaling.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권7호
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• pp.4053-4056
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• 2013

Background: Colposcopy is the gold standard procedure for evaluating cervical cytological abnormalities. Although it is essentially a minimally invasive intervention, referral for colposcopy may cause significant distress on patients. In this study, we aimed to determine if pre-procedural anxiety levels have a significant association with procedure related pain and discomfort in women undergoing colposcopy for evaluation of abnormal cervical cytology. We also assessed the impact of various clinical factors on anxiety, pain and discomfort in these patients. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was performed at the gynecologic oncology department of Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Health Education and Research Hospital in Ankara, Turkey between January and June 2013. After taking informed consent, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) form and a 14-item questionnaire were filled for women who were admitted to our outpatient colposcopy unit for evaluation of abnormal cervical cytology. STAI scores were calculated for each participant. Immediately after the procedure, visual analog scale (VAS) scores for procedure-related pain and discomfort were obtained. Associations between STAI and VAS scores were investigated using correlation analyses. The effect of various contributing factors on anxiety, pain and discomfort were evaluated with linear regression analysis. The p values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 222 women met the inclusion criteria within the study period. Mean patient age was $38.5{\pm}9.6$. Median state and trait anxiety scores were 47 and 46, respectively. Median VAS scores for pain and discomfort were 4 for both variables. State anxiety had a significant correlation with procedure related discomfort (p=0.02). Colposcopy related pain VAS scores were significantly affected by state anxiety level, marital status and prior gynecological examination (p<0.05). Colposcopy related discomfort VAS scores were significantly affected by state anxiety level, marital status, prior gynecological examination and educational status. Conclusions: Additional measures should be implemented in women that carry higher risk for experiencing pain and discomfort. Social, cultural and lifestyle issues may also affect women's experiences during colposcopy, therefore further studies are needed to define specific determining factors in various populations.

• 한국컴퓨터그래픽스학회논문지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.63-72
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• 2012

BIM(Building Information Modeling)과 같은 기법이 건축물 생산 과정에 널리 사용되면서 건축 모델을 현실감 있게 체험할 수 있는 방법의 필요성이 커지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 시각적 인지를 고려한 가상 건축물의 스테레오 내비게이션 방법을 제안한다. 먼저 스테레오 건축물을 내비게이션할 때 발생할 수 있는 시각적 불편함에 대해 분석하고, 이를 해결하기 위해 가상 카메라 간격을 자동으로 조절하는 방법을 개발한다. 또한 각 사용자의 깊이감에 대한 최소한의 자극 차이(Just Noticeable Difference)를 측정하고 그 결과를 가상 카메라의 간격과 움직임을 조절하는데 적용한다. 제안된 방법은 사용자에게 적합한 스테레오 콘텐츠를 생성함으로써 다양한 건축 응용에 사용될 수 있다.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.287-296
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• 2011

This study examines the influences of correlated color temperature and illuminance on visual perception and temporary mood sensation in a small office. Field measurements and surveys were conducted in a full-scale mock-up model. Twenty subjects participated in the survey under six lighting conditions formed by three color temperature and two illuminance levels. Results indicate that 4000 K color temperature was effective to mitigate glare sensation from light source. Lamps with low color temperature such as 2700 K was not recommended for office lighting since they are likely to caused glare and visual discomfort. Preferred color temperature was 4000 K and 6500 K for 750 lx and 500 lx target illuminance respectively. The increase of illuminance was not an effective contributor to improve mood perception. The illuminance should be lower than 500 lx to achieve good mood, but the illuminance level in office space should be considered with visual performance simultaneously. This study suggests that fluorescent lighting fixtures with 4000 K lamps would be usefully used for office lighting since they formed friendly conditions for better visual performance.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.701-709
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• 2012

본 연구는 미숙아를 낳은 산모를 대상으로 오케타니 유방마사지를 제공하여 산모의 유방 불편감과 모유 유축시간 그리고 모유 내 성분 중 지방과 칼로리에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보았다. 본 연구는 단일 실험군 시계열 연구로 신생아 중환자실에 자녀가 입원한 상태인 산모 17명을 대상으로 오케타니 유방 마사지를 2회 실시하였다. 유방 마사지의 효과 검증을 위해 유방 불편감은 시각적 사상척도를 이용하였고, 모유 유축 시간은 구두로 문의하였으며 모유 성분은 크리마토크릿 기계를 이용하여 측정하였다. 유방 불편감은 오케타니 유방 마사지 전 보다 마사지 후에 유의하게 감소하였으나(p<.05), 모유 유축시간은 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 모유 성분 분석에서 지방, 칼로리, 그리고 크리마토크릿은 오케타니 첫 번째 유방마사지 전에 비해 두 번째 오케타니 유방마사지 후에 증가하였다(p<.05). 이상의 결과를 토대로 오케타니 유방 마사지는 미숙아를 낳아 직접 모유수유를 하지 못하는 산모들에게 유방 불편감을 줄이고, 지방과 칼로리가 높은 모유를 유축하여 미숙아에게 제공할 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.383-397
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to report the effect of traditional Korean medical therapy such as acupuncture, electroacupuncture and herbal medicine in taste disorder patients. Methods: We surveyed 5 taste disorder patients visiting the Oral Diseases Clinic in the Kyung Hee University Oriental Medicine Hospital from January, 2014 to June, 2014. Before starting traditional Korean medical therapy such as acupuncture, electroacupuncture and herbal medicine, the subjects were evaluated on severity of discomfort using visual analogue scale (VAS), salivary flow rate (SFR), quality of life about oral health (based on the 14-item Oral Health Impact Profile-14) and qi-stagnation condition (based on the 23-item qi-stagnation Questionnaire). Visual analogue scale was re-evaluated during the treatment period. Results: There was no relationship between diminished SFR and severity of discomfort. Also change or loss of taste did not influence the quality of life about oral health. However, stress which refers to qi-stagnation could be one of the reasons taste disorder occurs. After receiving traditional Korean medical therapy, all 5 patients' visual analogue scale score decreased. Conclusions: Traditional Korean medical therapy may potentially be an option for taste disorder. Further evaluations including pre-post comparison with larger number of cases will be needed in the future.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.531-536
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• 2018

본 연구는 젊은 성인에서 근업시간에 따른 눈 피로도의 정도를 파악하고, 시각적 불편함의 종류를 분석하였다. 평균 연령 25.37세의 347명(남 142명, 여 205명)을 대상으로 눈 피로도와 관련 요인에 대해 설문하였다. 눈 피로도는 Conlon 등이 개발한 시각적 불편함에 관한 설문 도구를 이용하였고, 근업시간은 일일 컴퓨터와 스마트폰 사용을 조사하였다. 대상자의 눈 피로도는 근업시간이 2시간미만, 2~4시간, 4~6시간, 그리고 6시간 이상일 때 각각 $13.65{\pm}7.11$점, $16.83{\pm}6.77$점, $18.88{\pm}6.60$점, 그리고 $18.83{\pm}5.62$점으로 증가하였다(p=0.001). 또한 근업시간에 따라 두통(p<0.030)과 함께 다시 읽기(p<0.036), 안구운동과 탈색(p<0.001)과 같은 시각활동에서 불편함을 느꼈다.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.73-82
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• 2004

Objectives : In order to develop the measuring tool of visual display terminal (VDT) syndrome and investigate the variables affecting the development of VDT syndrome. Methods : A questionnaire study accompanied with the evaluation of working environment was performed with 42 VDT users from banking operations. Results : As a results of analysis with data colleted by newly developed questionnaire, VDT syndrome included five factors named as eye-related component, and psychological component. general body discomfort component. musculoskeletal component, and skin-related component. The scores of eye-related symptoms was 15.17, scores of psychological symptoms was 7.36, scores of general body discomfort symptoms was 10.52, scores of musculoskeletal symptoms was 9.38, scores of skin-related symptoms was 3.67, and total scores was 46.10. Scores of 2.05 eye fatigue in the level of eye-related symptoms were higher significantly. Scores 50.52 of female was statistically higher than scores 41.67 of male. Conclusions : The subjective symptoms of VDT syndrome scores was significantly associated with gender and age.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.86-96
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• 2024

Objectives : The aim of this study is to report a case showing rapid skin regeneration and recovery by applying Korean medicine treatment to lower extremity ulcer. Methods : We treated a female patient with idiopathic right leg ulcer by Korean medicine treatment such as herbal medicine, acupuncture, pharmacopuncture, Coptidis Rhizoma distillate wet dressing, and Jawoongo application. The treatment effect was evaluated by visual observation through photography, measurement of the area of the affected area, NRS(Numeral Rating Scale) for the level of discomfort, DLQI(Dermatology life quality index), and treatment satisfaction. Results : After Korean medicine treatment, recovery of skin tissue, reduction in affected area, and decrease in NRS for discomfort and DLQI were observed, and satisfaction with Korean medicine treatment was also high at 80%. Conclusions : This study shows that Korean medicine treatment can be effective in treating skin ulcers. We hope that research of Korean medicine treatment on skin ulcers will be promoted in the future.