• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.66-74
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• 2007

The aim of the present study was to investigate age-related differences in stepping behavior in response to sensory perturbations of postural balance. The participants for this study were 2 healthy elderly adults (mean age=76.0) and 2 younger adults (mean age=25.5). Subjects were asked to step over a 10 cm high obstacle at self-paced speed with the right limb to land on the primary target (normal step length) that is 10 cm in diameter. However, if, during movement, the light was illuminated, then the subject had to step on the secondary target (long step length). It was planned that the onset of the light would be prior to peak Fx of swing limb, between swing peak Fx and swing toe-off, and after swing toe-off. In the younger adults these secondary visual cues were provided at mean times of 240 ms (standard deviation (SD)=11), 402 ms (SD=13), and 476 ms (SD=88) following the movement onset. Corresponding mean times for the healthy elderly were 150 ms (SD=67), 352 ms (SD=39), and 562 ms (SD=115). Results showed great changes in both group and visual cue condition in Fx ground reaction forces and temporal events following the swing toe-off. Swing limb acceleration force (Fx) and stance peak Fx1 was much greater in the young adults compared to the older adults. Both young and older adults increased stance peak Fx2 in the visual cue condition compared to normal stepping. There was no difference in stance peak Fx2 between the visual cue conditions in both groups. Similarly, the time to stance peak Fx2 was much longer for the visual cue condition than for the normal stepping. It was not different between the visual cue conditions in the young adults, but in the elderly mid and late cue was much greater than early cue. In addition, time to stance peak Fx2 and swing and stance time were much longer in the older adults compared to the young adults for the visual cue conditions. These results suggest that unlike young adults, elderly adults did not flexibly modify their responses to unexpected changes in step length while stepping over obstacles.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제63권3호
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• pp.614-625
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• 2021

This study investigates how visual appearance of pork cuts affects consumer preference. Images of pork belly, Boston butt, and loin were chosen on the basis of visible fattiness and used to analyze consumers' perception of the appearance of each pork cut. Meat color and visible fat proportion of images of pork cuts were analyzed by the researchers before conducting the survey. A total of 211 pork eaters evaluated the pork cuts based on appearance (lightness of color, redness, visible fat proportion, and fat distribution), preferability, and overall acceptability. Also, muscle pieces from different pork cuts were taken and the relative area composition of muscle fibers was measured. Based on survey results, correlation between visual traits and preferences of each pork cut was analyzed. The survey results showed that preferred pork appearance varied as per each individual's favorite pork cut. Also, the respondents evaluated visual characteristics and preference for each pork cut differently possibly due to the different visual characteristics of each cut. Correlation analysis between visual traits and preference indicated that overall acceptability of pork cuts was mainly influenced by fat preference, followed by color preference. Fat and color preferences for each pork cut were affected by various visual attributes including redness, lightness of color, visible fat proportion, and fat distribution, but their effects were considerably varied among different pork cuts. Thus, Korean consumers perceived and assessed pork appearance using various quality cues but the evaluation depended on which cut was being observed.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.89-99
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• 2004

A comprehensive psychophysical scaling system, multiple-modality magnitude estimation system (MMES) has been designed to measure subjective multidimensional human perception. Unlike paper-based magnitude estimation systems, the MMES has an additional auditory peripheral cue that varies with corresponding visual magnitude. As the simplest, purely psychological case, bimodal divided-attention conditions were simulated to establish the superiority of the MMES. Subjects were given brief presentations of pairs of simultaneous stimuli consisting of visual line-lengths and auditory white-noise levels. In the visual or auditory focused-attention conditions, only the line-lengths or the noise levels perceived should be reported respectively. On the other hand, in the divided-attention conditions, both the line-lengths and the noise levels should be reported. There were no significant differences among the different attention conditions. Human performance was better when the proportion of magnitude in stimulus pairs were identically presented. The additional auditory cues in the MMES improved the correlations between the magnitude of stimuli and MMES values in the divided-attention conditions.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제17권1_2호
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• pp.33-39
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of a balance training program using the TARGET Balance Trainer(TBT), which utilizes a visual target, on the balancing ability of normal, healthy individuals. Methods: Twelve healthy female students with an average of 20.7 years(SD=0.25), were participated in this study. They were randomly divided into two groups(6 subjects in each group); experimental group, control group. The experimental group underwent a 3-week training program using the TBT, while the control group trained using only a dynamic air cushion(DAC). Results: Compared to those who trained using only the DAC, participants who trained with the TBT had a smaller difference between the weights distributed(N) to their left and right foot while normal standing with their eyes open. The TBT group also showed a smaller discrepancy between the weights distributed(N) to their left and right sides while standing on one leg with their eyes open, and also with their eyes closed by eye band. Conclusions: TBT is effective to reduce the degree of weight shifting between left and right side in each group. This study is expected to provide a model for future clinical studies.

• 감성과학
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.29-42
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• 2018

최근 자동차와 IT기술의 융합으로 차량 내 인포테인먼트 시스템이 운전자에게 편의 및 오락 기능을 제공하며 역할이 중요해지고 있다. 하지만 운전과 인포테인먼트 시스템을 조작하는 것은 동시에 시각 리소스를 요구하는 과제로 과제를 전환하며 수행해야 한다. 따라서 본 연구는 운전 중 인포테인먼트 시스템 조작 상황에서 조작 과제의 난이도와 motor cue가 과제 전환과 운전 주행능력에 미치는 영향과 함께, motor cue의 효과가 조작 과제의 난이도 수준에 따라 차이가 있는지 보고자 하였다. motor cue와 조작 과제 난이도의 효과를 살펴보기 위해 반복되는 숫자가 청크 단위와 일치하는지에 따라 두 종류의 번호를 사용하였으며, 터치 키의 크기로 난이도 수준을 조절했다. 실험에서 참가자들은 모의 주행을 하며 스크린에 번호를 입력하도록 지시받았고, 과제 수행 중 번호 입력시간, 차선 유지능력, 숫자 키 입력 시간 간격과 핸들 움직임을 측정했다. 그 결과, 난이도 수준에 따라 운전 주행 능력과[F(1, 26) = 8.521, p < .001], 번호 입력 시간의 차이가 유의미했고[F(1, 26) = 35.372, p < .0001], 번호 종류에 따른 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 하지만 Incongruent 번호 입력 시, 청크로 구분된 두 숫자를 입력하는 시간의 간격과 핸들 움직임이 크게 증가하였다. 이는 반복된 숫자가 청크로 구분되어도 청크를 무시하고 한 번에 입력하였음을 나타낸다. 종합하면, 다중 과제 상황에서 청크 단위는 motor cue에 의해 상쇄되며 과제 전환 시점을 결정하는 데에 motor cue의 효과가 있음을 시사한다.

• 마케팅과학연구
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.19-45
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• 2008

본 연구는 인터넷쇼핑몰 비주얼 머천다이징의 주요차원을 고객이 쇼핑몰에 진입한 후 정보탐색과 대안평가를 거치는 등의 쇼핑과정을 토대로 AIDA모형 관점에서 점포, 제품, 촉진에 초점을 맞추었다. VMD의 주요차원(primary dimensions)으로는 점포디자인, 머천다이징, 그리고 머천다이징단서로 구분하였다. 선행연구 결과를 토대로 점포다자인의 하위차원으로는 차별성, 간결성, 위치확인성을, 머천다이즈의 하위차원으로는 제품구색, 명성, 정보성을, 그리고 머천다이징단서의 하위차원으로는 제품추천 및 링크를 설정하여 VMD태도와의 관계를 탐색적으로 조사하였다. 연구결과 이들 세 차원은 종속변수에 유의한 정의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

• 마케팅과학연구
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.61-81
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• 2007

현재 한국시장의 광고에는 외국인 모델과 외국어를 사용하는 것이 일반적이다. 그러나 그 효과에 대한 검증은 거의 이루어지지 않고 있다. 기존의 연구에 의하면 마케팅 커뮤니케이션과 소비자의 문화적 가치가 일치하게 될 때 커뮤니케이션의 효과가 높아진다고 한다. 즉, 광고에의 외국문화 사용은 기존 연구에서 주장하고 있는 바와는 반대의 현상인 것이다. 그러나 인터넷 등 글로벌 매체에 의해 글로벌 문화가 출현함에 따라 마케팅 커뮤니케이션과 소비자의 문화적 가치가 일치하는 것이 가장 바람직한 커뮤니케이션 방법이라 볼 수는 없다. 이에 본 연구는 외국인 모델을 사용하는 광고에 있어서 모델의 매력도와 외국어 사용이 소비자의 광고와 제품에 대한 태도, 구매의도 등에 어떤 영향을 미치는가를 살펴보고 효과적인 광고 커뮤니케이션에 대한 제언을 하고자 했다. 연구결과, 광고에 사용된 언어와 광고의 시각적 단서인 모델 매력도는 광고의 효과에 상호작용 효과를 나타내는 것이 밝혀졌다. 광고에 사용된 모델 매력도가 높은 경우, 제품에 대한 태도, 구매의도가 사용된 언어에 대해 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 광고에 사용된 모델의 매력도가 낮은 경우에는 영어를 사용한 경우가 제품에 대한 태도, 구매의도가 높았다. 즉, 외국인 모델을 광고에 사용할 경우, 그 모델의 매력도의 높고 낮음에 따라 광고에 사용되는 언어를 선택함으로써 광고의 효과를 조절할 수 있다는 실무적 시사점을 제공한다.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.200-210
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• 2009

The Sign system of nursing home plays an important role when an elderly adapts to new environment and gets on daily life autonomously. Common living spaces are expecially important in maintaining social nature, adequate signage should be installed to aid them in finding their ways. Sign system is a comprehensive system consisted of various factors. In this research, it has been categorized as signage and cueing. Signage includes text and graphic signs, and cueing consists of floor plan configuration and sensual mechanism of visual, auditory, olfactory senses. Using this framework, held investigation and analysis were held in common area(shared living room, shared dining room, toilet) of 14 Korean, 8 Northern European, and 10 Japanese nursing home facilities. The result revealed that even though sign system should work as a combined unit, each factor was planed without relations to each other and did not perform mutually complementary role. Signage was installed too high, without considering the posture of elderly. Korean facilities used abundant and diverse signage compared to other countries. Japanese nursing home preferred cueing method over signage, and those of Northern Europe used plentiful visual cues such as color and ornaments.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.477-490
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• 1998

Most spiders have four pairs of simple eyes. A few families of the spider have their developed eyes to an extent visual cues make up a significant of information to response from the external stimuli. Most spiders respond to the external stimuli around them. Specially, they are very sensitive to vibrations from the air, the ground, their webs, or even the surface of water. The present study was undertaken to examine the evolutionary development and function of eye with the observation of visual ultrastructure of Atypus coreanus Kim, 1985 using the electron microscopy. They have weak mobility, limited territory and low developed eyes. Atypus coreanus was collected from Mt. Ungil, Namyangju-gun, Kyonggi province. The fine structure of these eyes was examined by electron microscopy, and prepard by teasing method for scanning electron microscopic observation. As a result, the eyes of Atypus coreanus was composed of cornea, lens, vitreous body, retina, and rhabdome.

• 융합경영연구
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.41-52
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• 2023

Purpose: The study examines the effect of TechTubers' unboxing videos on consumer buying behavior by highlighting the role of product touch, visual and verbal sensory cues. The study integrates the vicarious touch and the dual coding theory to analyze the Smartphone purchase behavior of Generation Z. Research design, data and methodology: The study collected data from 349 respondents who were viewers of YouTube unboxing videos. A structured questionnaire using a 5-point Likert scale was employed as a survey instrument. Convenience sampling technique was utilized to select the samples. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). Results: Results reveal that vicarious touch and verbal description have a statistically significant positive effect on Generation Z's purchase intention of Smartphone. Moreover, purchase intention positively affects Generation Z's actual purchase behavior of Smartphone. However, the visual images did not significantly affect purchase intention. Conclusions: The study offers significant theoretical and practical implications. The study adds new knowledge to the extant literary field by highlighting the impact of digital product presentation in the form of Unboxing videos on purchase intention for technology products. Moreover, the study suggests content sponsorship and advertising opportunities for marketers in collaboration with the TechTubers on YouTube unboxing video platform.