• 건축역사연구
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.77-93
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• 2011

Across the culture of Western Europe, dichotomy based on the visual sense has evolved. They believed eyes and ears requiring a distance related in recognition, are more developed than any other human senses in human body. Dominant position, as a condition to using a perspective, the eye has been just concentrated in the development of optical sight. But developed a variety of modern media, highlighting the importance of the other perception, it makes dichotomy to the expansion of perception over the single function of visuality. Recently, Guille Deleuze and Merleau-Ponty try to recover the sense of tactility segregated in skin from body keeping eyes for distance. By the result, the activity can be happened by being connected to the body rather than to eye in the space between the subject and object. From the phase of recognition where the human body tries to identify the object in the space considering a time, it will be changed for the subject to the phase of structure vice versa. Visual tactility is to eliminate the distance between subject and object. If the visual tactility is to erase the distance different from the visual in dichotomy, it will be occurred to having a tension and makes new relationship to work trying to move the subjective point of view in object. Like this evidence in analysis of architecture, it can be easy to find the Korean architecture rather than western architecture in terms of emphasizing the time and space. The fact, architecture of Lee Dynasty had been preserved and consisted basic form and style over the centuries makes us assume that visual tactility was considered as well as the visual sense. This study will be intensive in terms of visual and tactile inherent in the subject and how it is being connected to the movement in the space and time.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.207-219
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• 2023

Purpose : This study was conducted to investigate the changes in trunk movement and ground reaction during sit to stand motion using visual feedback. Methods : Fifteen adults (average age: 23.53±1.77 years) participated in this study. An infrared reflective marker was attached to the body each participant for motion analysis, and the participants performed sit to stand motion while wearing a hat attached with a laser pointer, which provided visual feedback. First, the sit to stand action was repeated thrice without obtaining any visual feedback, followed by a three minute break. Next, the laser pointers attached to hats were irradiated on a whiteboard, located at a distance of 5 m in front of the chairs, on which the participants sat; a baseline was set, and the participants performed stand up movements three times under this condition. A visual feedback was provided to the participants to prevent the laser pointers from crossing the set baseline. During each stand-up movement, the position of the reflective marker attached to the subject's body was recorded in real time using an infrared camera for motion analysis. The trunk movement and ground reaction force were extracted through recorded data and analyzed according to the presence or absence of visual feedback. Results : The results indicated that in the presence of a visual feedback during the sit-to-stand movements, the range of motion of the trunk and hip joints decreased, whereas that of the knee and ankle joints increased in the sagittal plane. The rotation angle of the trunk in the horizontal plane decreased. The left and right movement speed of the center of pressure increased, the pressing force decreased, and the forward and backward movement speed of the trunk decreased. Conclusion : The results suggest that the efficiency and stability of the stand up movement of a body increase when a visual feedback is provided.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제12권12호
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• pp.6034-6056
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• 2018

This paper describes two user studies in remote collaboration between two users with a video conferencing system where a remote user can draw annotations on the live video of the local user's workspace. In these two studies, the local user had the control of the view when sharing the first-person view, but our interfaces provided instant control of the shared view to the remote users. The first study investigates methods for assisting drawing annotations. The auto-freeze method, a novel solution for drawing annotations, is compared to a prior solution (manual freeze method) and a baseline (non-freeze) condition. Results show that both local and remote users preferred the auto-freeze method, which is easy to use and allows users to quickly draw annotations. The manual-freeze method supported precise drawing, but was less preferred because of the need for manual input. The second study explores visual notification for better local user awareness. We propose two designs: the red-box and both-freeze notifications, and compare these to the baseline, no notification condition. Users preferred the less obtrusive red-box notification that improved awareness of when annotations were made by remote users, and had a significantly lower level of interruption compared to the both-freeze condition.

• 대한인간공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한인간공학회 1995년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.3-12
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• 1995

In this research, we investigated the effect of three visual feedback conditions (direct viewing, one-monitor viewing, and tow-monitors viewing) on the task performance of human operator in teloperation task. The three different level of task difficulties under each concitions were performed by thirty-six subjects. The result of the experiments was analysed by the task difficulties, and the measurements of performance are the task completion time and the frequency of task errors. In a teleoperator, the participation of a human operator is always required, and the man-machine interface and the operator's abilities is an important issue. Recently, the different types of sensory feedback conditions(force, vision, sound, tactile, etc) for teleoperation is a very active research area in ergonomics. Among them, visual feedback conditon is an important sense that can provide the information of task environment. Therefore, the sufficient understandings and investigation for human ability under various visual feedback conditions is required to establish the efficient man-machine interface of teleoperation. The result showed that the visual feecback conditions and the level of task difficulties have a significant effect on the task performance. For three level of task difficulties, the task completion time was the shortest under the condition of direct viewing. The number of task errors under the conditions of direct viewing and two-monitors viewing were reduced by more than half compare to that of one-monitor viewing.

• 한국감성과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국감성과학회 2002년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.270-273
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• 2002

The purpose of our study is to clarify about the influence that the visual information gives to the brain activities when pressure exerted the abdomen by waist belts. The visual information means that the some different visual information is inputted it, and the brain activity is evaluated by Electroencephalogram(EEG) measurements. At the same time, we carried out the sensory tests and verified about the relations between the psychological stress and the brain activities. There was a difference in change in the power of the $alpha$ wave with the eyes opened between man and woman. from the result of the sensory test, in the case of under the condition in the darkness with the eyes opened, there was no change in the a wave with before the pressure and after the pressure. In the other cases, $alpha$ wave changed in the same way with before the pressure and after the pressure. In the case of the visible and the invisible in pressure place, $alpha$ wave changed in the same way with before the pressure and after the pressure, but there was a difference in value. From the above, it isn't recognized that the visual information is influencing a pressure sense but some influences are given to it to the brain activities.

• 교육시설 논문지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.23-33
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• 2011

This study investigates the evaluation on simple comparison and seeking hidden figures works under LED illumination conditions according to three types of color temperatures (7000K, 5000K, 3000K) in the classroom, Since the objective of this study is to develop an electric lighting conditions suitable for students in the classroom, the performance of concentration and visual discrimination by students under three types of LED illumination conditions were analyzed. The 4 kinds of simple tests concerning with concentration and 2 types of tests for visual discrimination were developed, and test results under natural light and LED illumination by 3 types of color temperatures were analyzed. There were differences on concentration as well as visual discrimination performance in most cases by t-test ($p{\leq}0.05$). For further analysis among three types of color temperatures and natural light, ANOVA tests were performed. The test results shows that illumination condition plays an important role when students try to concentrate on simple comparison of characters, figures or colors and seek hidden figures. The experimental results of this study might be applied to designing better luminous environment.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.237-242
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• 2016

Objective: This study presents a case of a 56-year-old Korean male with right-side hemianopia due to stroke. Homonymous hemianopia represents a visual field defect related to loss of vision in all or part of the left or right visual field in both eyes; treatment options for this condition are limited.Method: The patient was treated with acupuncture, moxibustion, herbal medicine (Yangguksanhwa-tang), and electroacupuncture around the eyes. We executed a confrontation visual field exam (the Donders test) to evaluate any visual field defectsResults: The visual field area showed improvement after the management of traditional Korean medical treatments.Conclusion: Based on this case, traditional Korean medical treatments may be effective in treating hemianopia due to stroke.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.87-93
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• 2016

Background: Posture balance control is the ability to maintain the body's center of gravity in the minimal postural sway state on a supportive surface. This ability is obtained through a complicated process of sensing the movements of the human body through sensory organs and then integrating the information into the central nervous system and reacting to the musculoskeletal system and the support action of the musculoskeletal system. Motor function, including coordination, motor, and vision, vestibular sense, and sensory function, including proprioception, should act in an integrated way. However, more than half of stroke patients have motor, sensory, cognitive, and emotional disorders for a long time. Motor and sensory disorders cause the greatest difficulty in postural control among stroke patients. Objects: The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of visual and somatosensory information on postural sway in stroke patients and carrying out a kinematic analysis using a tri-axial accelerometer and a quantitative assessment. Methods: Thirty-four subjects posed four stance condition was accepted various sensory information for counterbalance. This experiment referred to the computerized dynamic posturography assessments and was redesigned four condition blocking visual and somatosensory information. To measure the postural sway of the subjects' trunk, a wireless tri-axial accelerometer was used by signal vector magnitude value. Ony-way measure analysis of variance was performed among four condition. Results: There were significant differences when somatosensory information input blocked (p<.05). Conclusion: The sensory significantly affecting the balance ability of stroke patients is somatosensory, and the amount of actual movement of the trunk could be objectively compared and analyzed through quantitative figures using a tri-axial accelerometer for balance ability.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.22-31
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• 2019

Purpose: To develop a new diffusion-based functional MRI (fMRI) sequence to generate apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps in single excitation and evaluate the contribution of b0 signal on neuronal changes. Materials and Methods: A diffusion-based fMRI sequence was designed with single measurement that can acquire images of three directions at a time, obtaining $b=0s/mm^2$ during the first baseline condition (b0_b), followed by 107 diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) with $b=600s/mm^2$ during the baseline and visual stimulation conditions, and another $b=0s/mm^2$ during the last activation condition (b0_a). ADC was mapped in three different ways: 1) using b0_b (ADC_b) for all time points, 2) using b0_a (ADC_a) for all time points, and 3) using b0_b and b0_a (ADC_ba) for baseline and stimulation scans, respectively. The fMRI studies were conducted on the brains of 16 young healthy volunteers using visual stimulations in a 3T MRI system. In addition, the blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) fMRI was also acquired to compare it with diffusion-based fMRI. A sample t-test was used to investigate the voxel-wise average between the subjects. Results: The BOLD data consisted of only activated voxels. However, ADC_ba data was observed in both deactivated and activated voxels. There were no statistically significant activated or deactivated voxels for DWI, ADC_b, and ADC_a. Conclusions: With the new sequence, neuronal activations can be mapped with visual stimulation as compared to the baseline condition in several areas in the brain. We showed that ADC should be mapped using both DWI and b0 images acquired with the same conditions.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.39-46
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• 2016

Loss of postural stability can possibly lead to slip and fall accidents in the number of workplaces and everyday life. This study was aimed to examine the effects of whole body fatigue and partially limited visual field on the ability of maintaining postural balance during quiet standing. A group of twelve healthy male subjects participated in the experiment. Before and after experiencing the whole body fatigue induced by bicycling exercises, the position coordinates of subject's center of pressure (COP) were obtained under the two levels of visual field condition (i.e., open visual field and limited visual field). Four levels of the whole body fatigue examined were rest, 300watt, 600watt, and 900watt. Position coordinates of COPs measured on a force plate were then converted into the total length of postural sway path in both the medio-lateral (ML) direction and the anterior-posterior (AP) direction. Two-way ANOVA result showed that the length of sway path in the AP direction became significantly larger as the whole body fatigue accumulated. Post-hoc test revealed statistically significant differences between rest and 900watt and between 300watt and 900watt. The significant increase of the sway length was also found when the visual field was partially obstructed by the boxes. In the ML direction, however, there was no statistically significant difference of the postural sway in both the AP and ML directions. The results imply that the ability of maintaining postural stability can be reduced significantly due to such tasks along with whole body fatigue. The postural balance can also be impaired by the limited visual field.