Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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v.17
no.3
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pp.668-676
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2016
This study reviewed the planning characteristics of contemporary Japanese middle school architecture on which related studies are insufficient, aiming to obtain new ideas for planning Korean middle school facilities. Fourteen case schools built after 1990s were selected and analyzed. They were divided into learning-living space and other major spaces. The planning characteristics of the case schools are summarized as follows 1) The case schools were classified into two categories, departmentalized classroom type (D type) and usual with variation type (UV type) by school system. These categories can also be the classification standard for basic architectural characteristics in learning and living space of case schools. 2) D type case schools have departmentalized classrooms, home base, media space and teacher's space for learning-living space. D type case schools are divided into 'attached-to-classroom type' and 'separate type' depending on the adjacency of the home base and departmentalized classroom. 3) UV type case schools have multipurpose space around the classroom for learning-living space and can be divided into two types, i.e., 'directly adjacent' and 'separate', depending on the connectivity to classroom of multipurpose room. 4) Specialized classrooms are designed to have the openness to the public and the own characteristics of school subjects strengthened and show the spatial differentiation with connected ancillary spaces. 5) Libraries are designed as complex zones grouped with computer labs, audio visual rooms and multipurpose halls not as a single room and as open plan not with a closed wall. 6) The gymnasium is the basic sports facility with a martial arts room and outdoor pool, which are for after-school activities as well as physical education class. 7) The terrace, balcony and outdoor stairs are frequently used architectural vocabularies as diverse outdoor spaces with a variety of functions.
The visually impaired who have many restrictions on their sight due to impairment of a sense of sight among special senses have substantial difficulties in the areas ranging from very minor behavior in their house to the external activities for social life. Visual impairment may cause many problems in various behaviors for protecting health which have recently drawn a lot of interests. As a method of analysis of collected data, this study conducted the frequency analysis of general characteristics and oral health behavior of the subjects, compared the average of oral public health behavior and oral health condition through t-test and F-test, and conducted the post verification of significant difference among groups with Duncan. For identifying the relevancy between the general characteristics and the oral health behavior, this study conducted Spearman's correlation analysis, and for identifying the impact on subjective, oral health condition, this study conducted multiple regression analysis. SPSS (SPSS20.0 for Windows, SPSS Inc, USA) was used as a statistical program, and the level of significance for determining statistical significance was considered at the level of 0.05. Because the visually impaired are the group whose behaviors for protecting health should be accurately recognized, this study intends to utilize the findings as basic materials for making information communication media suitable for the visually impaired by identifying the real conditions and behaviors of their oral health and analyzing their oral condition caused by such behaviors. With the help of information technology.
Kim, Hyoung-Soo;Lee, Ju-Hyun;Ahn, Ju-Hee;Ahn, Gyu-Cheon;Yoon, Woon-Sang
Tunnel and Underground Space
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v.16
no.4
s.63
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pp.281-287
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2006
Intake of groundwater by tunneling in a mountainous area mostly results from groundwater flow through fractured parts of total rock mass. For reasonable analysis of this phenomenon the representative joint groups 1, 2, and 3 have been selected by previous investigations, geological/geophysical field tests and boring works. Three dimensional fractures were generated by the FracMan and MAFIC which is a three dimensional finite element model has been used to analyse a groundwater flow through fractured media. Monte Carlo simulation was applied to reduce the uncertainty of this study. The numerical results showed that the average and deviation of amounts of groundwater intaked into tunnel per unit length were $5.40{\times}10^{-1}$ and $3.04{\times}10^{-1}m^3/min/km$. It is concluded that tunnel would be stable on impact of groundwater environment by tunneling because of the lower value than $2.00{\sim}3.00m^3/min/km$ as previous and present standard on the application of tunnel construction.
The aim of this research is to establish the conditions for Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation using microspore. The embryo induction from the microspore was examined under several Kanamycin concentration in media, and the induction rate decreased about 4, 8, 10 times when the Kanamycin concentration increased 10, 50, 100 mg/L, respectively. This indicates that the transformation rate would be much lower if the Kanamycin was used for selection marker. In order to apply the GFP gene as a reporter gene for Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation, GFP expression from the microspore-mediated embryos was observed using GFP filter under microscope. The GFP expression occurred when the microspore cultured toward the embryo development for 12, 24 and 48 days. The microspore formed a cluster by microspore division from 12 days culture and continuously became a bigger mass. We obtained a total of 8 GFP-expressing embryos suggesting that the transformation of microspore occurred. However, those young embryos were not fully developed. Further study pertinent to culture conditions is required to fulfill the Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation using microspore.
ATSC-M/H based hybrid 3DTV, which is one of the service compatible 3DTV system, has considerable quality gap between the left and right views. And CRA(Conditional Replenishment Algorithm) has been proposed to deal with the issue of resolution mismatch and improve the visual quality. In CRA, the disparity vectors of stereoscopic images are estimated. The disparity compensated left view and simply enlarged right view are compared and conditionally selected for generating the enhanced right view. In order to implement CRA, a fast algorithm is strongly required because the disparity vectors need to be obtained at every layer and the complexity of CRA is quite high. In this paper, we adopted SDSP(Small Diamond Search Pattern) instead of full search and predicted the initial position of search pattern by examining the spatio-temporal correlation of disparity vectors and also suggested the SKIP mode to limit the number of processing units. The computer simulation showed that the proposed fast algorithm could greatly reduce the processing time while minimizing the quality degradation of reconstructed right view.
A typical histogram equalization contrast enhancement effect for improving the image quality is excellent. However, because it appears that excessive changes of the brightness values, The average brightness of the image is changing in units of frames of applications such as a TV video is unsuitable. In order to solve these drawbacks, a modified method of histogram equalization on various studies have been made. But the result images of existing methods sometimes shown visual degradations such as over-enhancement and false contouring. In this paper, we propose improved contrast enhancement method through bi-histogram equalization using target mean brightness based on differential compression method. The proposed method is based on the average brightness value by dividing the histogram, the histogram for each zone, according to the frequency differential of compression. And equalize the modified histogram based on target mean brightness. This allows to suppress deterioration of picture quality, and changes in the average brightness of each frame of video, while maintaining and improving the contrast. Experimental results show that the proposed method compared to the conventional method, the average brightness of each frame from a movie well maintained, and no degradation of the image quality showed a good effect to improve the contrast.
In this study, we tried to produce moving-image works through sentiment analysis of music. First, Google natural language API was used for the sentiment analysis of lyrics, then the result was applied to the image visualization rules. In prior engineering researches, text-based sentiment analysis has been conducted to understand users' emotions and attitudes by analyzing users' comments and reviews in social media. In this study, the data was used as a material for the creation of artworks so that it could be used for aesthetic expressions. From the machine's point of view, emotions are substituted with numbers, so there is a limit to normalization and standardization. Therefore, we tried to overcome these limitations by linking the results of sentiment analysis of lyrics data with the rules of formative elements in visual arts. This study aims to transform existing traditional art works such as literature, music, painting, and dance to a new form of arts based on the viewpoint of the machine, while reflecting the current era in which artificial intelligence even attempts to create artworks that are advanced mental products of human beings. In addition, it is expected that it will be expanded to an educational platform that facilitates creative activities, psychological analysis, and communication for people with developmental disabilities who have difficulty expressing emotions.
Since the 20th century, it was often announced that a painting was dead, but it is still alive. Even in the epoch of recently increasing virtuality, painting is still appealing, consistently pursed by many with a thirst. Thus, it is said that the mission of a picture is to maintain its reality without being trapped in virtuality. In the history of Western painting spanning over several hundreds of years the myriad of techniques and styles have emerged, going though a huge variety of changes: namely, its not possible any longer to find the new ways of expression in painting. Hence, painters today feel that it becomes more gradually difficult for them to execute something. In the midst of swiftly changing, diversely evolving trends of contemporary art, the painters incessantly pose a question why they go on working on painting, and seek to find its answer. Why the painters still try to say something about painting? Is that because they consider it the quintessence of fine arts or think that it is in no way possible or meaningful to comment on fine arts without relying on painting? If then, is there any avenue of escape for the painting? The question of the 'crisis of painting' is still raised, when reviewing the rapidly changing conditions of inventing artworks. That is also why the recent works failed to offer a conceptually unified, universally shared perspective of painting. Moreover, painting is left to shrink comparatively with the pervasive existence of videos and installations briskly employing digital images and technologies in their creations. Whats more problematic is the fact that there is a growing sense of crisis not only in the sphere of painting hut also in the entire realm of art. As the organizers and curators of big-scale exhibitions and art projects tend to exploit their space spectacularly, focusing primarily on their abilities to control the space, there is a pervasive notion amongst them that painting is a medium that is not properly to suit such purposes and requests. Today, the death of painting is, in fact, the death of modernist painting, which assumed a central role in the history of art for a considerable amount of time, rather than the death of painting itself. Employing a new paradigm of invention, a picture is now entering a new domain which is perhaps unknown to us. Moving beyond the stereotypical concepts of painting, physical property and flatness, pictures today reveal the introduction of time and space and the penetration of new media such as installation, photography, video and the Internet. Despite such trends, the dexterity and tactile capability of painters is still to be considered significant in the future. The renewal of painting is made in an entirely unexpected manner and place.
The purpose of this study is to determine the meaning and function of black and white in the comic strip, which are mounted on the book pages. The role of space in comic strip, compared to the role of time in the cinema, enable to feel the role of the time in the book. Therefore storytelling of comic strip has been placed in the inseparable relationship with space. My aim is to think about the black and white meaning in the visual media, especially the use of black and white which is highlighted in the comic strip. Black and white doesn't mean a loss of color in the comic strip but it works around 2 important notions : readability, modernity (with minimalism). In comic strip, 'black and white' is not a true colour but it is complex items which indicate symbolic significances. Moreover it is also a notion which enhance 'existence and absence' and 'visible and invisible'. That's why to analyze and to understand how the space is organized in comic strip page, i chose several examples extract from black and white comic strip.
The public interest and popularity of animation has already forecasted the value of animation as the leader of pop culture and cultural industry. The trend in animation changed from 2D to 3D animation, a new genre that appeared in the 1990s with the development of computer technology and innovative changes in media, and 3D animation secured its position in the 2000s. Researches on 3D animation are conducted in various ways. Integrating the area it shares with film and the area it shares with design, it is produced and consumed. This study focused on 'formativeness(design)', the basis of character design, and tried to find out how it is recognized by the audience, who actually watch and feel it. Also, it approached basic theory and tried to deduce logic that is easy to understand and can analyze design or formativeness which keeps changing. Lastly, this study regards the parts that viewers are not satisfied with as problems, and tries to find out a developmental direction. Among the animations for theaters that were big hits in 2015, this study focused on the characters of and . It reviewed errors and what was lacking in the previous studies, collected experts' opinions and made adjustment. Using the frame prepared through this process, it conducted a survey on study participants, the viewers, to see how it is perceived by them. Finally, it tried to find out the reasons why the audience felt that way through theoretical reviews and applications.
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