• Health Policy and Management
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.16-28
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• 2001

This study was to compare multidimensional outcomes of patient's satisfaction after cataract surgery and to identify factors influencing satisfaction after operation. Patient's satisfaction was measured with three dimensions : interpersonal care, physician explanation and hospital care. Overall satisfaction was measured as means of three dimensional scores. For the study, a prospective study was performed with 389 patients who had undergone cataract surgery for either one eye or both eyes. The surgery was performed by 20 ophthalmologists who were practicing at university hospitals and general hospitals. Patients were interviewed and clinical data (the visual acuity of operated eye, visual function, symptom score and satisfaction with vision) were obtained. The doctors were questioned with self-reported questionnaire forms. Medical records were also examined to understand surgery Process. The survey was conducted before(389) and after operation(327). Alter excluding cases with incomplete data, 3n cases were enrolled In this study. Both the overall satisfaction and the satisfaction with physician explanation increased after the operation whereas the satisfaction with interpersonal care and hospital care did not change significantly. Multiple regression analysis showed that the level of education, baseline satisfaction scores and the degree of vision improvement were statistically significant variables. The preoperative lower level of education, higher level of overall satisfaction (interpersonal care, physician explanation, hospital care scores) and the more the satisfaction with vision improvement were associated with the improvement of postoperative satisfaction scores.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.67 no.5
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• pp.353-361
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• 2023

This study analyzed the uses of visual representations of particles in the matter units of the middle school science textbooks developed under the 2015 Revised National Curriculum. The material units in four textbooks were divided into explanation, inquiry, and evaluation sections, and visual representations of particles presented in the science textbooks were analyzed by the use type, the activity type, and the level of activity. In the explanation section, the visual representations of particles were mainly presented in the auxiliary use type, and in the inquiry and evaluation section, they were mainly presented in a direct use type. In terms of the activity types of the direct use of visual representations of particles, the interpreting activity was mainly presented in the explanation and evaluation sections, while the generating activity and completing activity were presented in relatively higher proportion in the inquiry section than the other two sections. In terms of activity level, identifying was the most common activity level in the explanation section, and inferring was the most common activity level in the inquiry and evaluation sections. Based on these results, the implications for the presentation and uses of visual representations of particles in science textbooks are discussed.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.399-410
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• 2020

Detecting visual relationships in an image is important in an image understanding task. It enables higher image understanding tasks, that is, predicting the next scene and understanding what occurs in an image. A visual relationship comprises of a subject, a predicate, and an object, and is related to visual, language, and spatial cues. The predicate explains the relationship between the subject and object and can be categorized into different categories such as prepositions and verbs. A large visual gap exists although the visual relationship is included in the same predicate. This study improves upon a previous study (that uses language cues using two losses) and a spatial cue (that only includes individual information) by adding relative information on the subject and object of the extant study. The architectural limitation is demonstrated and is overcome to detect all zero-shot visual relationships. A new problem is discovered, and an explanation of how it decreases performance is provided. The experiment is conducted on the VRD and VG datasets and a significant improvement over previous results is obtained.

• Architectural research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.87-94
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• 2013

Throughout the history of architecture, sometimes the main focus of design was determined by a particular visual representation method, and other times a particular form of visual representation method was required by perception of a particular architectural issue or an architectural form or idea. That is why the visual representation method of architects becomes an important means of reading the flow of idea and thinking behind architecture. This study is an investigation on the relation between architectural thinking and visual representation method expressed through the conceptual drawings by avant-garde architects of the 1970s and 80s, a period of the emergence of postmodernism. Rather than proving the objective reality regarded important by traditional architectural drawing, attempts are made to express the design concept in which the project has its base. Such interpretation and explanation regarding the concept become the main interest of the drawing. It is not that the architecture itself was not expressed in the contents, but it may not be the main subject of expression in the drawing. The value of architectural drawing recovers its value as an art work in itself, as a means of communication, and as an important conceptual tool in the design process. It can be seen that the visual representation method in postmodern architectural drawings is breaking free of the traditional objective depiction of matter and is changing and developing as a design tool of the architect.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.64-69
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• 2016

Currently on the school education site, various multimedia contents are used to effectively deliver knowledge to the students and increase interest in class. The majority of the multimedia contents currently used in classes are composed of visual and auditory information. This paper intends to maximize actuality and immersion in the content by adding olfactory information to the existing visual and auditory data. Tangible contents were developed based on the details of aromatic plants learned in the fifth grade of elementary school. The shape and explanation of the aromatic plants are displayed with visual and auditory information, and an aroma spraying application is used to allow the students to smell the aromatic plants. After conducting the class using the developed contents, the students' satisfaction of the class, as well as their overall academic understanding, were investigated. Upon doing so, it was discovered that the students' academic understanding and satisfaction increased in comparison to classes comprised of only visual and auditory contents.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.1453-1464
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• 2001

The first objective of this study was to investigate the current status of the display of traditional costumes by observing museums in Seoul ; the National Folk Museum and the Royal Museum. The second objective was to investigate the satisfaction and need of their visitors by a survey method. To collect the data, several observations were made by the author, interviews were conducted to the students whose major is related to clothing and a survey using questionaires was conducted to the consumers who visited the museum in the fall of 2000. To analyze the data, both qualitative and quantitative methods were utilized. The major results were as follows; Two museums were differentiated in the contents of display, but some of costumes displayed were overlapped. In both museums, there were few visual explanations. The visitors were highly interested in the costume display in the museum. The most dissatisfactory area was the way and contents of costume explanation. The preferred contents, method, explanation and environment of the display of traditional costumes were partially different according to visitors’, characteristics. The reforming of the display of costumes reflecting the results will increase the visitors’satisfaction and therefore strengthen the competitiveness of the museums.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.145-151
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• 2021

In this paper, we propose a novel visualization technique to explain the predictions of deep neural networks. We use knowledge distillation (KD) to identify the interior of a black-box model for which we know only inputs and outputs. The information of the black box model will be transferred to a white box model that we aim to create through the KD. The white box model will learn the representation of the black-box model. Second, the white-box model generates attention maps for each of its layers using Grad-CAM. Then we combine the attention maps of different layers using the pixel-wise summation to generate a final saliency map that contains information from all layers of the model. The experiments show that the proposed technique found important layers and explained which part of the input is important. Saliency maps generated by the proposed technique performed better than those of Grad-CAM in deletion game.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.285-290
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• 2008

This study was done to explain the role of limestone which might intervene in the phosphorus cycle in a lake. The effects of limestone on the dissolution of phosphate were estimated by simulations with the computer model Visual MINTEQ, which is designed for the chemical equilibrium calculations. According to the calculations limestone shows remarkable effects for the suppression of phosphate dissolution. The limestone can suppress the dissolution of phosphates by sacrificing themselves to acids, and as a consequence can increase the hardness and alkalinity of the lake. Both hardness and alkalinity play an important role in reducing soluble P and thus alleviate the eutrophication potential.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.15-25
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• 2004

The regression analysis and Adaptive -Network based Fuzzy-inference system (ANFIS) were applied to the explanation on human's visual texture of cotton fabrics with 7 mechanical properties. The ANFIS uses the structure with fuzzy membership function and neural network. The results obtained by the statistical analysis through the coefficient of correlation and regression analysis showed that subjective texture had a linear relationship with mechanical properties. But It had a relatively low coefficient of determination and was difficult that the statistical analysis explained other relationship with the exception of a lineality and interaction among mechanical properties. Comparing the statistical analysis, the ANFIS was an effective tool to explain human's non-linear perceptions and their interactions. But to apply ANFIS to human's perceptions more effectively, it is necessary to discriminate effective input variables through controlling the properties of samples.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.35 no.1 s.120
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• pp.48-58
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was not only to clearly examine the features of the scenery and visual elements of Oreum (parasitic cones) but also to investigate primary factors in landscape preferences for these cones. This study further attempted to gain basic information for examining the preservation of Oreum in regards to the influence of scenery on the general public. A Multiple Regression Analysis was used for this study for which the independent variable was the area ratio of the fore-, mid-, and background of the view under the feature element and the structure of the scenery at the Oreum. The dependent variables were the preference value, the number of summits, and the highest altitude of the Oreum. All but the highest inclination were positive variables. The area ratio of the Oreum was found to be the most important variable. The area of sky and the area of the distant scenery were shown to be positive explanation variables, while the area to the fore of the view and the area to the middle of the view were shown as negative explanation variable. In the preference for Oreum scenery, which has a high visibility and is clearly outlined against the skyline, it was found that as the hindrance element of visibility near to a visual point or the area ratio increased, the preference for the Oreum scenery decreased.