• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.260-271
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• 2020

Smartphones provide blind users with screenreader as an accessibility tool. However, blind users often experience difficulties accessing online shopping malls via smartphones due to their inconsistent and image-based layouts. To enable screenreader users to get access to the detailed information about products while they are shopping online, we have developed BarrierFreeShop, an accessible mobile shopping application for people with visual impairments. BarrierFreeShop has three accessibility features: (1) layout automation, (2) review summarization, and (3) optical character recognition. We conducted a user study with 80 participants with visual impairments where they were asked to use BarrierFreeShop for a month. The findings revealed the effectiveness of our app in terms of speed and post interview feedback. We have also discovered typical shopping experiences that participants had during the test. This research suggests that computer vision technologies can improve accessibility issues in online shopping malls. In addition, we have confirmed that extracting contents from images help people with visual impairments to get better access to product information.

• International Journal of Knowledge Content Development & Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.55-75
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• 2021

This article examines the accessibility and usability of library websites to students with visual and physical disabilities in public universities in Kenya. The study used survey research design and adopted a mixed methods approach. Data were gathered using survey questionnaire, focus group discussions, structured interviews, and observation. The study population consisted of six public universities that had a longstanding tradition of enrolling students with disabilities. Census was used to obtain a study sample comprising of students with visual disabilities (86), students with physical disabilities (91), University Librarians (6), Personnel from Disability Mainstreaming departments (6), Systems Librarians (6) and Library Personnel who provided information services to students with disabilities (133). The Social Model of Disability and IFLA Access to Libraries for Persons with Disabilities checklist were used as conceptual and theoretical framework in the study. Study results revealed that all the libraries had library websites. However, the websites did not have disability services page or information specific to individuals with disabilities. Also a section of students with disabilities lacked awareness of the existence of library websites and e-resources available through them. Additionally, the website design posed various access challenges. The study concluded that people with disabilities were excluded from access and use of library websites in public universities. The authors recommended that library websites must contain disability services page containing information specific to persons with disabilities. Moreover, libraries should evaluate their websites to ensure compliance with W3C requirements for web content accessibility. Additionally, libraries should develop disability policy to provide guidance on provision of information services to persons with disabilities.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.9-21
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• 2009

This study classified visual perception types of access space at 17 five-star hotels in Jejudo and examined their cognitive characteristics and image formation structures in an effort to provide basic information important for designing the elevation and the access spaces of a hotel. The results of this study are as follows. Access space image of experimental hotels showed more negative evaluations at both city hotels and resort hotels, viewing angle (upward angle) was also positively evaluated between $10^{\circ}{\sim}12^{\circ}$ and $18^{\circ}$ and central type in arrangement type and detour access and straight access types in access circulation type were positively evaluated. When viewed from an upward angle of $10^{\circ}$ to $12^{\circ}$, the most important factors were as plasticity, decorativeness, and creativity; from $18^{\circ}$ it was such factors as harmony and peculiarity; and at $45^{\circ}$ it was factors like decorativeness and stability. In considering the various access types, the most important factors in a straight access type were peculiarity and harmony; for one-time curved access type it was by decorativeness, creativity, Peculiarity, and stability; and for detour access types it was decorativeness, stability, and peculiarity. Influential of factors affecting image formation and plasticity and harmony factors and the form had more influences on image formation.

• Korean Management Science Review
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.127-142
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• 2007

This study deals with the optimal design of mobile access network connecting base stations(BSs) and mobile switching centers(MSCs). Generally mobile operators constitute their access networks by leasing communication lines. Using the characteristic of leased line rate based on administration region, we build an optimization model for mobile access network design which has much smaller number of variables than the existing researches. And we develop a GUI based optimization tool integrating the well-known softwares such as MS EXCEL. MS VisualBasic, MS PowerPoint and Ip_solve, a freeware optimization software. Employing the current access network configuration of a Korean mobile carrier, this study using the optimization tool obtain an optimal solution for both single MSC access network and nation-wide access network. Each optimal access network achieves 7.45% and 9.49% save of lease rate, respectively. Considering the monthly charge and total amount of lease line rate, our optimization tool provides big amount of save in network operation cost. Besides the graphical representation of access networks makes the operator easily understand and compare current and optimal access networks.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.817-825
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• 2003

The amount of damage suffered from the red tide occurring at the near shore is increasing rapidly. The Windows visual system discussed in this paper is developed in order to help minimize the damage. The system is focused on the monitoring the coastal environment. and forecasting the red tide occurrence. Although several similar systems are now existing. most of them are based on the web application. which cause the large response time. limited presentation ability of data. and inability of data storing at client side. The Windows visual system described in this paper operates on the Internet to get the ubiquitous access. One of three components of the Windows visual system. client system is developed as a Windows application in order to overcome the weak points of the previous systems. The gathering. analysis, and monitoring of data can be done at real time using the Windows visual system.

• Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2003

Perceiving the depth of space in the spatial organization of architecture is perceiving spaces as well three dimensions as the fourth dimensions -perceive the time-. Physical depth in architectural space differs from perceptional depth in aspects of not only dimension but also perceptional effects. In this study, the perceptional depth is defined as visual depth and physical depth is depth of space. These purposes of this study are classifying the perceptional effects of visual depth -visual access, sense of variety, dynamic and cubic effect... - and the methods of spatial composition which causes visual depth in architectural space.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.175-198
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• 2002

This paper is to develop a security module for electronic approval systems. Electronic documents are created, transmitted and saved in the company's intranet computer network. Transmitting electronic documents, however, brings us a security problem. Communications among various computer systems are exposed to many security threats. Those threats are eavesdropping, repudiation, replay back etc. The main purpose of this paper is to develop a module which provides the security of electronic documents while they are passed from one place to another This paper applies Multi-Level security to the electronic approval system that guarantees security of electronic documents from many threats. Multi-Level security controls the access to the documents by granting security level to subject users and object electronic documents. To prevent possible replay back attacks, this paper also uses one time password to the system. The security module is composed of client program and server one. The module was developed using Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 and Microsoft SQL Server 7.0. The code uses Richard Bondi's WCCO(Wiley CryptoAPI COM Objects) library functions which enables Visual Basic to access Microsoft CryptoAPI.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1989.07a
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• pp.486-490
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• 1989

In this paper, a program controlling an auto-audio media - cassette deck - by a 16 bit personal computer is studied in order to execute audio and visual learning in CAI. The results of this study are as follows. 1. Audio and visual learning is executed efficiently in CAI. 2. Access rate of voice information to text/image information is about 98% and 60% in "play" and "fast forward" respectively. 3. In "fast forward", quality of a cassette tape affects voice information access rate in propotion to motor driving speed. 4. Synchronizing signal may be mistaken by defects of tape itself.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.335-338
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• 2010

Passage of 2000 United Broadcasting Law was included the viewer right guarantee reinforcement provision which is relation of broadcasting participation and directness of the citizen and access broadcasting introduction relation provision. It guarantees an access program time zone in representative ground green onion public management broadcasting, in order for new media broadcasting the cable TV which is the possibility of doing and to case of Direct Broadcasting by Satellite the audience will want to organize a case where audience direct production program.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.20-29
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• 2011

This research is based on the environmental psychology model of Albert Mehrabian & JAMES a. Russell. The purpose of this research is to search a method of planning a spatial image improving the degree of access that is audience's dependent response to a display space image of a museum for children. A museum for children is the place for education with experience and its main audience is children and parents. It indicates with a basis of the environmental psychology model that a designer needs to consider the emotional response of children and parents in designing the space. The space design starts from a plan of space image that is delivered to audience through the five senses. Image on the space means visual image as people acquire information mostly through the sense of sight. Visual image consists of shape, the feel of a material, and color that is the most influential factor to the sensibility of audience. Therefore, firstly, this research measures the degree of audience's approach and avoidence on image of display space. In addition, this research suggests the improvement method by analyzing differences on the access of each space and audience based on visual image. Secondly, four factors are extracted through factor analysis based on the result of adjective survey result.