• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제23권9호
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• pp.17-23
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• 2022

시멘트를 활용한 도로 기층은 경제적이며, 수정 및 보완이 용이하여 도로 포장 품질 관리가 우수하다. 또한, 시멘트는 점착력이 없는 사질토에 점착력을 부여하고 점성토에서는 점착력을 영구적으로 유지하는 역할을 하여, 강도 증가 및 압축률 감소 등의 내구성 향상의 장점으로 많이 활용되고 있다. 그러나 시멘트는 강도면에서 우수하나 건조수축에 의한 균열이나 파손이 발생하면 유지보수가 어렵고, 시멘트에서 용출되는 6가 크롬으로 인해 지반의 pH가 상승하여 지하수 오염과 같은 환경 문제가 발생하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 현장에서 발생하는 현장토와 시멘트계 고화재를 활용하여 환경성과 내구성을 고려한 도로 기층 대제재의 활용성을 평가하고자 한다. 도로 기층의 현장 적용성을 평가하기 위해 환경안정성실험 및 시멘트계 고화재를 일정 비율로 혼합하여 동결융해실험 및 습윤건조실험을 수행하였다. 실험범위는 시멘트계 고화재 10%, 20%, 30%의 배합비와 재령 기간 7일, 28일로 적용하여 시멘트계 고화재 혼합비율에 따른 조기 강도 및 기준 강도를 평가하였다.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.325-340
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• 2024

There are several novel uses for dispersing many nanoparticles into a conventional fluid, including dynamic sealing, damping, heat dissipation, microfluidics, and more. Therefore, melting heat and mass transfer characteristics of a 3-D MHD Hybrid Nanofluid flow over a rotating disc with presenting dufour and soret effects are assessed numerically in this study. In this instance, we investigated both ferric sulfate and molybdenum disulfide as nanoparticles suspended within base fluid water. The governing partial differential equations are transformed into linked higher-order non-linear ordinary differential equations by the local similarity transformation. The collection of these deduced equations is then resolved using a Chebyshev spectral collocation-based algorithm built into the Mathematica software. To demonstrate how different instances of hybrid/ nanofluid are impacted by changes in temperature, velocity, and the distribution of nanoparticle concentration, examples of graphical and numerical data are given. For many values of the material parameters, the computational findings are shown. Simulations conducted for different physical parameters in the model show that adding hybrid nanoparticle to the fluid mixture increases heat transfer in comparison to simple nanofluids. It has been identified that hybrid nanoparticles, as opposed to single-type nanoparticles, need to be taken into consideration to create an effective thermal system. Furthermore, porosity lowers the velocities of simple and hybrid nanofluids in both cases. Additionally, results show that the drag force from skin friction causes the nanoparticle fluid to travel more slowly than the hybrid nanoparticle fluid. The findings also demonstrate that suction factors like magnetic and porosity parameters, as well as nanoparticles, raise the skin friction coefficient. Furthermore, It indicates that the outcomes from different flow scenarios correlate and are in strong agreement with the findings from the published literature. Bar chart depictions are altered by changes in flow rates. Moreover, the results confirm doctors' views to prescribe hybrid nanoparticle and particle nanoparticle contents for achalasia patients and also those who suffer from esophageal stricture and tumors. The results of this study can also be applied to the energy generated by the melting disc surface, which has a variety of industrial uses. These include, but are not limited to, the preparation of semiconductor materials, the solidification of magma, the melting of permafrost, and the refreezing of frozen land.

• 유변학
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.143-152
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• 1999

본 연구에서는 Rheometrics Fluids Spectrometer(RFS II)를 사용하여 세 종류의 상용 반고형 식품(마요네즈, 토마토 케찹, 와사비)의 정상유동특성 및 소진폭 전단변형하에서의 동적 점탄성을 광범위한 전단속도와 각주파수 영역에서 측정하였다. 이들 측정결과로부터 정상유동특성의 전단속도 의존성 및 동적 점탄성의 각주파수 의존성을 보고하였다. 그리고 항복응력의 항을 갖는 몇 가지 점소성 유동모델을 사용하여 정상유동특성을 정량적으로 평가하고 이들 모델의 적용성을 비교.검증하였다. 나아가서 수정된 형태의 지수법칙 관계식을 도입하여 정상유동특성(비선형 거동)과 동적 점탄성(선형 거동)간의 상관관계에 대해 검토하였다. 이상의 연구를 통해 얻어진 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. (1) 반고형 식품류는 상당한 크기의 항복응력을 갖는 점소성 물질로서 전단속도가 증가할수록 정상류점도가 급격히 감소하는 shear-thinning 거동을 나타낸다. (2) Herschel-Bulkley 모델, Mizrahi-Berk 모델 및 Heinz-Casson 모델은 반고형 식품류의 정상유동거동을 잘 기술할 수 있다. 이들 중에서도 Heinz-Casson 모델이 가장 우수한 적용성을 갖는다 (3) 반고형 식품류는 임계 전단속도를 경계로 shear-thinning 특성이 변화한다. 즉 낮은 전단속도에 비해 높은 전단속도 영역에서 분산입자 응집체의 구조파괴가 더욱 활발하게 진행되어 보다 현저한 shear-thinning 특성을 나타낸다. (4) 저장 탄성률 및 손실탄성률은 양자 모두 각주파수가 증가할수록 점차로 증가하나 각주파수 의존성은 그다지 크지 않다. 또한 광범위한 각주파수 영역에서 탄성적 성질이 점성적 성질에 비해 보다 우세하게 나타난다. (5) 정상류점도, 동적점도 및 복소점도는 모두 power-law 모델의 거동을 잘 만족한다. 또한 정상유동특성과 동적 점탄성간의 상관관계는 수정된 형태의 지수법칙 관계식에 의해 잘 기술될 수 있다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.838-844
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 천년초의 줄기와 열매를 동결 건조하여 분말화 한 후 기능성 성분으로 Vit. $B_1$, $B_2$, $B_3$, 루틴 및 베타카로틴 등의 비타민, 식이섬유, 조 사포닌을 분석하고, 물리적 특성으로 pH 및 색도, 보수력, 보유력, 팽윤력, 용적밀도, 점액물질 함량 및 수분흡수량을 조사하였다. 천년초 분말의 비타민을 측정한 결과 비타민 C(ascorbic acid)의 함량이 가장 많았으며 줄기가 42.14 mg, 열매가 105.21 mg으로 줄기의 약 2배 이상 더 높게 나타났다. Lutein의 함량은 줄기가 열매 보다 약 2.3배 정도 더 높게 나타났으며 ${\beta}$-carotene의 함량은 열매가 줄기보다 약 2.9배 정도 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 비타민 B의 경우 줄기와 열매의 함량이 각각 비타민 $B_1$(thiamin)는 0.16 mg 및 0.15 mg, 비타민 $B_2$(riboflavin)은 0.08 mg 및 0.12 mg으로 아주 적은양이 함유되어 있었으며 비타민 $B_3$(niacin)은 0.92 mg 및 1.01 mg으로 나타났다. 식이섬유는 줄기에서 수용성 식이섬유가 45.24%, 불용성 식이섬유가 22.15%로 열매보다 높게 나타났다. 조 사포닌은 줄기가 19.30 mg/g, 열매가 25.10 mg/g으로 나타났다. 물리적 특성의 pH는 줄기가 pH 5.34, 열매가 pH 5.07로 약산성이었고 보유력을 제외한 보수력, 용적밀도 및 팽윤력은 줄기가 높게 나타났으며 점질물질의 함량과 수분흡수량도 줄기가 열매보다 더 높게 나타났다. 이러한 결과 보아 천년초에 함유되어 있는 비타민류, 식이섬유 등은 천연 기능성 소재로 이용 가능하며 물리적 특성을 잘 이용한다면 가공적성 및 제품의 기호성을 증진시키는데 유용한 식품소재가 될 것으로 기대된다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.98-133
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• 1987

The mechanical and rheological properties of agricultural materials are important for engineering design and analysis of their mechanical harvesting, handling, transporting and processing systems. Agricultural materials, which composed of structural members and fluids do not react in a purely elastic manner, and their response when subjected to stress and strain is a combination of elastic and viscous behavior so called viscoelastic behavior. Many researchers have conducted studies on the mechanical and rheological properties of the various agricultural products, but a few researcher has studied those properties of rice plant, and also those data are available only for foreign varieties of rice plant. This study are conducted to experimentally determine the mechanical and the rheological properties such as axial compressive strength, tensile strength, bending and shear strength, stress relaxation and creep behavior of rice stems, and grain detachment strength. The rheological models for the rice stem were developed from the test data. The shearing characteristics were examined at some different levels of portion, cross-sectional area, moisture content of rice stem and shearing angle. The results obtained from this study were summarized as follows 1. The mechanical properties of the stems of the J aponica types were greater than those of the Indica ${\times}$ Japonica hybrid in compression, tension, bendingand shearing. 2. The mean value of the compressive force was 80.5 N in the Japonica types and 55.5 N in the Indica ${\times}$ Japonica hybrid which was about 70 percent to that of the Japonica types, and then the value increased progressively at the lower portion of the stems generally. 3. The average tensile force was about 226.6 N in the Japonica types and 123.6 N in the Indica ${\times}$ Japonica hybrid which was about 55 percent to that of the Japonica types. 4. The bending moment was $0.19N{\cdot}m$ in the Japonica types and $0.13N{\cdot}m$ in the Indica ${\times}$ Japonica hybrid which was 68 percent to that of the Japonica types and the bending strength was 7.7 MPa in the Japonica types and 6.5 MPa in the Indica ${\times}$ Japonica hybrid respectively. 5. The shearing force was 141.1 N in Jinju, the Japonica type and 101.4 N in Taebaeg, the Indica ${\times}$ Japonica hybrid which was 72 percent to that of Jinju, and the shearing strength of Taebaeg was 63 percent to that of Jinju. 6. The shearing force and the shearing energy along the stem portion in Jinju increased progressively together at the lower portions, meanwhile in Taebaeg the shearing force showed the maximum value at the intermediate portion and the shearing energy was the greatest at the portion of 21 cm from the ground level, and also the shearing strength and the shearing energy per unit cross-sectional area of the stem were the greater values at the intermediate portion than at any other portions. 7. The shearing force and the shearing energy increased with increase of the cross-sectional area of the rice stem and with decrease of the shearing angie from $90^{\circ}$ to $50^{\circ}$. 8. The shearing forces showed the minimum values of 110 N at Jinju and of 60 N at Taebaeg, the shearing energy at the moisture content decreased about 15 percent point from initial moisture content showed value of 50 mJ in Jinju and of 30 mJ in Taebaeg, respectively. 9. The stress relaxation behavior could be described by the generalized Maxwell model and also the compression creep behavior by Burger's model, respectively in the rice stem. 10. With increase of loading rate, the stress relaxation intensity increased, meanwhile the relaxation time and residual stress decreased. 11. In the compression creep test, the logarithmic creep occured at the stress less than 2.0 MPa and the steady-state creep at the stress larger than 2.0 MPa. 12. The stress level had not a significant effect on the relaxation time, while the relaxation intensity and residual stress increased with increase of the stress level. 13. In the compression creep test of the rice stem, the instantaneous elastic modulus of Burger's model showed the range of 60 to 80 MPa and the viscosities of the free dashpot were very large numerical value which was well explained that the rice stem was viscoelastic material. 14. The tensile detachment forces were about 1.7 to 2.3 N in the Japonica types while about 1.0 to 1.3 N in Indica ${\times}$ Japonica hybrid corresponding to 58 percent of Japonica types, and the bending detachment forces were about 0.6 to 1.1 N corresponding to 30 to 50 percent of the tensile detachment forces, and the bending detachment of the Indica ${\times}$ Japonica hybrid was 0.1 to 0.3 N which was 7 to 21 percent of Japonica types. 15. The detachment force of the lower portion was little bigger than that of the upper portion in a penicle and was not significantly affected by the harvesting period from September 28 to October 20. 16. The tensile and bending detachment forces decreased with decrease of the moisture content from 23 to 13 percent (w.b.) by the natural drying, and the decreasing rate of detachment forces along the moisture content was the greater in the bending detachment force than the tensile detachment force.