• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.637-642
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• 2010

We investigated the prevalence and the molecular characteristics of vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA) among methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains isolated from clinical samples at tertiary or general hospitals participating in a nationwide surveillance program for VISA and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) in Korea during an 8-week period in each year from 2001 to 2006. Of 41,639 MRSAs isolated, 37,856 were screened and 169 grew on brain heart infusion agar supplemented with 4 ${\mu}g/ml$ vancomycin. A vancomycin MIC of 4 ${\mu}g/ml$ was confirmed for 33 VISA isolates of the 169 isolates. Eighteen of the 33 isolates were classified as hetero-VISA (hVISA) by the population analysis profile (PAP) method. All VISA isolates were susceptible to linezolid, tigecycline, and quinupristin-dalfopristin. Most VISA isolates (MIC 4 ${\mu}g/ml$) showed a PFGE C pattern with sec, seg, and sei enterotoxin genes, including ST5-SCCmec type II, or a PFGE A pattern with sea, including ST239-SCCmec type III.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.295-301
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• 2023

Since its inception in 2009, medical tourism in South Korea has continued to progress. Reaching its peak in 2019, the industry experienced a sharp decline in inbound patients after the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 due to international border closures and a surge in patient numbers. However, from 2021 onwards, there has been a gradual increase in inbound patients. The purpose of this study was to classify the top 12 countries based on the number of actual patients entering the country from 2014 to 2022, using statistics from the Korea Health Industry Development Institute. It also analyzed the changes in the number of foreign patients visiting Korea and the evolving proportion of actual patients compared to short-term visa arrivals on a yearly basis. Through this content, we aim to examine the trends on a country-by-country basis and identify the direction in which the future of South Korean medical tourism should progress. By focusing on healthcare, we intend to pinpoint areas that require attention and improvement, as well as highlight any existing issues. Through modifications and enhancements based on these considerations, we aspire to attract a significant number of foreign patients, thereby promoting South Korea's medical technology on a global scale.

• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.73-88
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• 2000

Dramatic changes are beginning to occur in plastic card technologies today in the fields of banking, health care, id-cards and more. Advanced card technologies such as IC-card are playing an increasingly important role in new and innovation system. The merit of IC-card are more capacity, more secure, more reliable, quick and easy to update, secure offline processing, enabling technology etc than magnetic stripe card. And so many countries began using experiment of IC- card and our country began October 13 in Cheju island. Then there are three types using-experiment (K-cash, VISA-cash, MONDEX) in Korea. There are some problems such as standards, widely using, high cost, double investment etc. I think that important things in IC-card using is an international- standardizations and issuing corporation.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.1237-1242
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• 2006

Microsoft's ActiveX corresponding to the advanced type of COM based distributed application model is made available for the use of component communication[1]. ActiveX supports reuse of code and object linking, so developers can integrate many objects into application and improve the efficiency of development. Also, Integration of seperated application makes easy to develop customized program[2]. ActiveX, formerly used to develope communication application in Visual C++ or Visual Basic, has the efficiency of programming and is widely used in the M&C(Monitoring and Control) of instruments. In this paper, we will implement M&C application capable of remote operating, and besides, develop web browser and media player in the form of ActiveX control in order to control and monitor program remotely.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.79 no.2
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• pp.162-172
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• 1990

Habit type classification based on the polyclimax and discontinuum concept applied to Mt. Kasan forest. The results obtained were summirized as follows. 1. PIDE/RHSC H.T. : Pizzas densiflora is a topographic climax which is distributed in a ridge and a upper slope. Rhododeudron schlippenbachii is well represented in the undergrowth (average coverage 21%). 2. CALA/CAAR H.T. : Carpinus laxiflora is distributed in a low slope and adjoined to Pinzrs densiflora of a upper slope and a ridge. Calamaglotis aruredinacea is well represented in the undergrowth (average coverage 10%). 3. QUMO/CAHU H.T. : Quercus mongolica is a topographic climax which is distributed in a upper slope and a midslope of the Kasan fort outside and ranged from 600m to 700m, Carex humilis is well represented in the undergrowth (average coverage 21%). 4. QUMO/CAAR H.T. : Qreercus moragolica is distributed in the basin of Mt. Kasan fort inside and ranged from 700m to 870m, Cdlamagrotis arundinacea is abundant in the undergrowth(average coverage 43%). 5. FRRH/IMTE H.T. : Fraxinus rhynchophilla is distributed in a valley. Impatiens textori is well represented in the undergrowth(average coveraged 10%). 6. COCO/VISA H.T. : Cornus controversa is distributed in a valley and aranged from 780m to 830m Viburunum sargentii is well represented in the undergrowth(average coverage 12%).

• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.155-174
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• 2001

Dramatic changes are beginning to occur in payment system according to increase electronic commerce. and so electronic money as a new payment system are increase role in new and innovative systems. There are two type Electronic money as a IC card type and network-type. Advanced card technologies such as IC-card are playing an increasingly important role in new and Innovation system. The merit of IC-card are more capacity, more secure, more reliable, quick and easy to update, secure offline processing, enabling technology etc than magnetic stripe card. And so many countries began using experiment of IC- card and our country began October 13 in Cheju island. Then there are four types using-experiment (K-cash, VISA-cash, A-cash, MONDEX) in Korea. There are some problems such as standards, widely using, high cost, double investment etc. I think that important things in IC-card using is an international- standardizations and issuing corporation.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 1998.06a
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• pp.127-137
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• 1998

From the underground part of Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv., commonly known as Vietnamese ginseng, 50 triterpene glycosides including 24 new dammarane saponins named visa-ginsenosides-Rl-24 were isolated and identified. The structure of the new saponins was elucidated based on chemical and spectroscopic evidence. The saponin composition of Vietnamese ginseng is almost similar to that of ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) and other cultivated Panax spp. However, the content of ocotillos-type saponins, especially that of the major saponin, majonoside-R2 (5.29% yield), was surprisingly very high. The pharmacological activities of Vietnamese ginseng are essentially similar to those of ginseng. In addition, it has marked antibacterial activity against pathogenic Streptococcus app. and is effective in treatment of granular angina. The chemical composition and pharmacological activities have made Vietnamese ginseng an interesting member of Panax spp. from chemotaxonomical and pharmacological points of view,

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.27-58
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• 2020

This paper intends to examine the extent of the fiscal contribution of immigrants to Korea. According to this analysis, the aim is to derive implications pertaining to the direction of Korea's immigration policy as a response to fiscal problems caused by population aging. For this purpose, a macroeconomic model is designed to measure the lifetime net fiscal contribution of immigrants in Korea by visa type, age, and other characteristics. According to this analysis, the sum of the lifetime fiscal contribution for all immigrants in Korea is negative. This implies that immigration policy reforms that increase the inflow size while maintaining the current structure of the foreign population characteristics can rather worsen Korea's fiscal problems. This finding suggests that immigration policy reform may exacerbate Korea's fiscal soundness if it simply targets the maintenance of the numerical balance of the demographic structure.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.339-354
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• 2009

The purposes of this study are to identify many implications of commuting regional type according to the features of foreigner commuting. Research on the pattern of distribution of foreigners has been very simple and limited because foreigners usually lived together in a specific area, and their workplace often tended to be their residence. However they currently live dispersed more Widely, and their job and housing increasingly tend to be mismatched. This study divided areas inhabited by foreigners into general one characterized by job-housing match and exceptional one characterized by job-housing mismatch, and then examined the features of foreigner commuting. General commute type showed a high rate of intra area commute and foreign workers' universal features. Inflow commute type showing high E/R ratio. In these areas, outflow commuters had a short journey to work while inflow commuters had relatively a long journey to work, and professionals accounted for a high proportion of employees. Outflow commute type showing low E/R ratio. In these areas, outflow commuters had a long journey to work while inflow commuters had a relatively short journey to work. The composition ratio of three commute types was different according to nationality and visa type.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.438-457
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• 2019

The main purpose of this paper is to identify the entry types and locational determinants of North Korean workers in cross-border regions between North Korea and China. More specifically, the paper has attempted to divide the entry type of them in the regions into two; 1) entry via transactions between Chinese traders with North Korea and North Korea trade companies, and 2) entry via transactions between Korean-Chinese middlemen and North Korean trade companies. Also, it has analyzed main factors of their locational determinants in the spatial contexts of the regions. There have been changes in two perspectives in terms of the entry paths and types of them in accordance with the transformation of characteristics of United Nations sanction against North Korea from 'call-upon' to 'decide' after UN Security Council Resolution 2094 in 2013. Firstly, main agents who have dealing with North Korean trade companies which have right to dispatch North Korean workers have been changed from Chinese traders into Korean-Chinese brokers who are specialized in the introduction of North Korean workers with one-stop service from visa administrative to labor managements. Secondly, there has been a transfer of North Korean workers in the regions from formal to informal workers who has been admitted into China with a short stay or a tourist visa, and then remained illegally to be employed in China. Therefore, as demands on service which is able to guarantee the security of North Korean informal workers and their managements have increased, Korean-Chinese brokers have been stimulated in the regions after the operation of real international sanctions against overseas North Korean workers. In addition, the main factors of their locational determinants in cross-border regions between North Korea and China are could be analyzed in three perspectives; 1) an increase in real wages in accordance with the reform of the Chinese social insurance system after 2011, 2) the structural vulnerability of labor markets in the regions, 3) the utilization of stable and manageable workers.