• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.2127-2137
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• 2017

A virtual power plant (VPP) is a system that virtually integrates power resources based on the VPP participating customer (VPC) unit and operates as a power plant. When VPP operators manage resources to maximize their benefits, load reduction instructions may focus on more responsive VPCs, or those producing high profitability, by using VPC resources with high operation efficiency. VPCs may thus encounter imbalance problems during operation. This imbalance in operation time would bring more participation for some VPCs, causing potential degradation of their resources. Such an operation strategy would be not preferable for VPP operators in managing the relationship with VPCs. This issue impedes both continual VPC participation and economical and reliable VPP operation in the long term. An operation algorithm is therefore proposed that considers the operation time of VPC generators for mandatory reduction of power resource consumption. The algorithm is based on constraints of daily and annual operation times when VPP operators of local generators perform capacity-market power transactions. The algorithm maximizes the operator benefit through VPP operations. The algorithm implements a penalty parameter for imbalances in operation times spent by VPC generators in fulfilling their obligations. An evaluation was conducted on VPP operational effects by applying the algorithm to the Korean power market.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.38-46
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• 2016

This study analyzes the economic efficiency of the virtual power plant (VPP) model that aims to integrate a number of emergency generators installed at the consumer end and operate them as a single power plant. Several factors such as the demand response benefits from VPP operation and costs incurred for converting emergency generators into VPP are considered to assess the economic efficiency of the proposed VPP model. Scenarios for yearly VPP conversion are prepared based on the installed capacities of the emergency generators distributed in South Korea, while the costs and benefits are calculated from the viewpoints of participants and power companies in accordance with California Test Methods. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis is conducted on the cost factors among those affecting the economic efficiency of VPP business because these two factors have a great impact on benefits.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.64 no.3
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• pp.375-383
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• 2015

The virtual power plant (VPP) is a new technology to achieve flexibility as well as controllability, like traditional centralized power plants, by integrating and operating different types of distributed energy resources (DER) with the information communication technology (ICT). Though small-sized DERs may not be controlled in a centralized manner, these are more likely to be utilized as power plants for centralized dispatch and participate in the energy trade given that these are integrated into a unified generation profile and certain technical properties such as dispatch schedules, ramp rates, voltage control, and reserves are explicitly implemented. Unfortunately, the VPP has been in a conceptual stage thus far and its common definition has not yet been established. Such a lack of obvious guidelines for VPP may lead to a further challenge of coming up with the business model and reinforcing the investment and technical support for VPP. In this context, this paper would aim to identify the definition of VPP as a critical factor in smart grid and, at the same time, discuss the details required for VPP to actively take part in the electricity market under the smart grid paradigm.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2006.07a
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• pp.194-195
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• 2006

미래의 전력 시스템은 환경과 기술적인 이유로 인해 더욱더 많은 분산전원을 이용하게 될 것이다. 분산전원은 서로 다른 특징을 가지고 있고 또한 배전계통에서 기존의 계통운영과는 다른 형태로 운전될 것이다. 이런 관점에서 다수의 분산전원을 모아 하나의 가상의 발전소로 운영하는 개념이 등장하게 되었는데, 이를 Virtual Power Plant(VPP)라고 한다. VPP는 매니지먼트 시스템이 관리하는 여러 클러스터들로 이루어져 있으며 이들 클러스터들은 각각 여러 종류의 분산전원으로 구성되어 있다. 본 논문에서는 클러스터를 이루는 분산전원을 어떻게 운영하는 것이 최적의 경제적 효율을 지닐 수 있을 지에 대해 논의하게 될 것이다. 디젤 발전기의 출력의 경우 그 소유자에 의해 제어가 가능하지만, 태양광 발전 시스템의 경우 기상 상태에 따라 그 출력이 결정된다. 따라서 이러한 각각의 특성을 고려하여 본 논문에서는 디젤, CHP(Combined Heat and Power), 보일러, 태양광발전으로 구성된 복합 시스템에서 각 시간별로 수용가의 전력 및 열 수요와 분산전원의 에너지 생산을 비교하여 VPP 최적 운영 계획을 구성하였다.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers P
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• v.65 no.2
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• pp.94-100
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• 2016

A virtual power plant (VPP) technology is a cluster of distributed generation installations. VPP system is that integrates several types of distributed generation sources, so as to give a reliable overall power supply. Virtual power plant systems play a key role in the smart grids concept and the move towards alternative sources of energy. They ensure improved integration of the renewable energy generation into the grids and the electricity market. VPPs not only deal with the supply side, but also help manage demand and ensure reliability of grid functions through demand response (DR) and other load shifting approaches in real time. In this paper, utilizing a variety of distributed generation resources(such as emergency generator, commercial generator, energy storage device), activation scheme of the virtual power plant technology. In addition, through the analysis of the domestic electricity market, it describes a scheme that can be a virtual power plant to participate in electricity market. It attempts to derive the policy support recommendation in order to obtain the basics to the prepared in position of power generation companies for the commercialization of virtual power plant.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.365-371
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• 2021

In this study, The Virtual Power Plant (VPP) solution platform considered in this study minimizes the cost and investment risk associated with the construction of power generation and transmission facilities. In addition, it includes a Demand Response (DR) program operation function to meet consumers' electricity demand. With the introduction of VPP, it is possible to provide more eco-friendly and efficient power by responding to changes in consumer load in real time through existing generators and DR programs without large-scale facility investment in power generation and transmission/distribution sectors. In order to link the communication device to the solar power and ESS linkage device, it is necessary to transmit data in the control/state between the device device and the edge system and develop an IoT device and interworking platform (OneM2M).

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.225-234
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• 2015

Nowadays a Virtual Power Plant (VPP) represents an aggregation of distributed energy resource such as Distributed Generation (DG), Combined Heat and Power generation (CHP), Energy Storage Systems (ESS) and load in order to operate as a single power plant by using Information and Communication Technologies, ICT. The VPP has been developed and verified based on a single virtual plant platform which is connected with a number of various distributed energy resources. As the VPP's distributed energy resources increase, so does the number of data from distributed energy. Moreover, it is obviously inefficient in the aspects of technique and cost that a virtual plant platform operates in a centralized manner over widespread region. In this paper the concept of the large-scale VPP which can reduce a error probability of system's load and increase the robustness of data exchange among distributed energy resources will be proposed. In addition, it can directly control and supervise energy resource by making small size's virtual platform which can make a optimal resource scheduling to consider of variable and sensitive load in the large-scale VPP. It makes certain the result is verified by simulation.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.95-114
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• 2018

Purpose The recent concern over environmental problems such as greenhouse gas emission and fine dust contributes increasing interest in renewable energies. However the intrinsic characteristics of renewable energies, intermittent and stochastic generation, might cause serious problems to the stability and controllability of power grid. Therefore countermeasures such as virtual power plant (VPP) must be prepared in advance of the spread of uncontrollable distributed renewable energy resources to be one of major energy sources. Design/methodology/approach This study deals with the design concept of the VPP platform. we proposed as a technology solution for achieving the stability of power grid by guaranteeing a single power profile combining multiple distributed power sources with ICT. The core characteristics of VPP should be able to participate in the grid operation by responding to operation instructions from the system operator, KPX, as well as the wholesale electricity market. Findings Therefore this study includes energy storage device(ESS) as a controllable component as well as renewable energy resources such as photovoltaic and wind power generation. Based on this configuration, we discussed core element technologies of VPP and protype design of VPP solution platform according to system requirements. In the proposed solution platform, UX design for the integrated control center and brokerage system were included as well as ancillary service function to respond to KPX's operation instruction with utilizing the capability of ESS. In addition, a simulator was suggested to verify the VPP operations.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2007.07a
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• pp.778-779
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• 2007

기술의 진보와 친환경적 시대의 조류에 발맞추어 배전계통에서 분산전원의 이용은 더욱 증가하는 추세이다. 따라서 저용량의 다양한 분산전원을 하나의 가상발전소(Virtual Power Plant, VPP)로 운영하는 개념이 도입되고 있다. 본 논문은 Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO) 알고리즘을 이용하여 경제적 효율을 고려한 VPP의 최적구성을 다룬다. 사례연구로는 다양한 분산전원으로 구성된 시스템의 시간별 전력 및 열에너지 수요를 고려한 VPP의 최적구성을 수행한다.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.299-308
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• 2022

Recent, energy transition policies are driving to increase in the number of small photovoltaic(PV) generators. It is difficult for system operators to accurately anticipate the amount of power generated from such small scale PV generation, and this may disrupt dispatch schedules and result in an increase in cost. The need for a Virtual Power Plant(VPP) is emerging as a way of resolving these problems, as it would integrate small-scale PV plants and eliminate uncertainty about the amount of power generated, control voltage, and provide power reserves. In this paper, the cost evaluation methods are described for determination of VPP cloud charges both Net Present Value(NPV) method and Profitability Index(PI) method, the calculated outcomes of the two types of cost evaluation methods are presented in detail. It seems we secure profitability as we get 1.22 of profitability index from calculation results, it may be attractive for the aggregator as NPV is enough for satisfying profitability.