• Journal of the HCI Society of Korea
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.5-14
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• 2018

The Empathy for Dementia using Virtual Reality (EDuVR) system, developed by the Jeju Provincial Dementia Center, is a 3D video system capturing the experience of dementia in a first-person perspective using 360 degree vritual reality (VR) technology. It was developed to create a greater understanding of dementia and to help people empathize with individuals with dementia through an immersive VR experience. The EDuVR shows how a dementia patient has impairments in memory, orientation, language, judgment and problem solving, as well as problems with activities of daily living. The present study reported the effectiveness of the EDuVR experience in changing public awareness of, and attitude toward, dementia. Sixty-six participants were assigned to the EDuVR (n = 34) or the conventional education (n = 32) groups, and two types of questionnaires - attitude and awareness questionnaires - were administered to the subjects before and after the EDuVR experience or education. The simulator sickness and presence questionnaires were administered to the EDuVR group to assess cybersickness and presence of the VR experience. As a results, the attitude and awareness toward dementia patients changed positively in both the EDuVR and the conventional education groups, and these changes did not differ between two groups. Only one person reported a significant level of cybersicness after experiencing the EDuVR system. These results suggest that the EDuVR enhances the level of understanding and empathy for dementia and would be a useful tool for improving awareness in the general public.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.47-55
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• 2022

The study was conducted to identify the effectiveness of nursing skills practice using VR(Virtual Reality) on competency and confidence in nursing skills, learning self-efficacy, and satisfaction of nursing students. This study used a randomized controlled trial design. The 35 patients in the experimental group took nursing skills practice using VR and The 35 patients in the control group took fundamental nursing skills practice. The data were conducted on confidence in nursing skills, learning self-efficacy, satisfaction, and nursing skills' competency. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS WIN 23.0 program. As a result of the study, there were no significant differences between the experimental and control groups in competency and confidence in nursing skills, learning self-efficacy, and satisfaction. However, confidence in nursing skills and learning self-efficacy increased after practice in both groups. The results indicate that nursing skills practice using VR was effective in improving nursing skills.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.62 no.4
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• pp.304-316
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• 2024

Class II malocclusions present with a different occlusal pattern to patients with Class I malocclusions, characterized by a large overjet and overbite in the anterior region, resulting in habitual mandibular protrusion during speech or mastication. When rehabilitating Class II patients, it is important to consider lateral and anterior guidance, to ensure balanced posterior guidance during protrusive movements before anterior contact, and to establish freedom in the intercuspal position. In this case, digital tools were used for the full-mouth rehabilitation of a skeletal class II patient. A virtual patient was created using facial scan data, digital facebow transfer and jaw motion tracking. Provisional restorations were fabricated based on the virtual patient. After identifying occlusal interference during anterior movement with the first provisional, the virtual patient was updated and the occlusal design was refined. For the final restorations, the virtual patient was updated again to reflect the functionally and esthetically satisfactory provisional restorations and their adapted occlusion. This digital approach facilitated accurate replication of the dynamic occlusal relationships, resulting in functionally and esthetically successful outcomes.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.225-233
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• 2004

Purpose: The Ideal breast irradiation method should provide an optimal dose distribution In the treated breast volume and a minimum scatter dose to the nearby normal tissue. Physical wedges have been used to Improve the dose distribution In the treated breast, but unfortunately Introduce an Increased scatter dose outside the treatment yield, pavllculariy to the contralateral breast. The typical physical wedge (FW) was compared with 4he virtual wedge (VW) to do)ermine the difference In the dose distribution affecting on the treated breast and the contralateral breast, lung, heart and surrounding perlpheral soft tissue. Methods and Materials: The data collected consisted of a measurement taken with solid water, a Humanoid Alderson Rando phantom and patients. The radiation doses at the ipsllateral breast and skin, contralateral breast and skin, surrounding peripheral soft tissue, and Ipsllateral lung and heart were compared using the physical wedge and virtual wedge and the radiation dose distribution and DVH of the treated breast were compared. The beam-on time of each treatment technique was also compared Furthermore, the doses at treated breast skin, contralateral breast skin and skin 1.5 cm away from 4he field margin were also measured using TLD in 7 patients of tangential breast Irradiation and compared the results with phantom measurements. Results: The virtual wedge showed a decreased peripheral dose than those of a typical physical wedge at 15$^{\circ}$, 30$^{\circ}$, 45$^{\circ}$, and 60$^{\circ}$. According to the TLD measurements with 15$^{\circ}$ and 30$^{\circ}$ virtual wedge, the Irradiation dose decreased by 1.35$\%$ and 2.55$\%$ In the contralateral breast and by 0.87$\%$ and 1.9$\%$ In the skin of the contralateral breast respectively. Furthermore, the Irradiation dose decreased by 2.7$\%$ and 6.0$\%$ in the Ipsllateral lung and by 0.96$\%$ and 2.5$\%$ in the heart. The VW fields had lower peripheral doses than those of the PW fields by 1.8$\%$ and 2.33$\%$. However the skin dose Increased by 2.4$\%$ and 4.58$\%$ In the Ipsliateral breast. VW fields, In general, use less monitor units than PW fields and shoriened beam-on time about half of PW. The DVH analysis showed that each delivery technique results In comparable dose distribution in treated breast. Conclusion: A modest dose reduction to the surrounding normal tissue and uniform target homogeneity were observed using the VW technique compare to the PW beam in tangential breast Irradiation The VW field is dosmetrically superlor to the PW beam and can be an efficient method for minimizing acute, late radiation morbidity and reduce 4he linear accelerator loading bV decreasing the radiation delivery time.

• The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.59-70
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• 2017

Objective : The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of virtual reality-based remote rehabilitation on stroke patients systematically and to look for its effect and how to apply it domestically. Methods : In order to search data, EMBASE and CINAHL database were used. Relevant research used those terms of virtual reality, telerehabilitation, and stroke. A total of 10 studies satisfying the selection criteria was analyzed according to their qualitative level, general characteristics, and PICO method. Results : Based on the selected 10 studies, virtual reality-based telerehabilitation system was applied. Sensory and motor feedback was provided with inputting visual and auditory senses through a video in the home environment, and it stimulated changes in the client's nervous system. Tools to measure the results were upper extremity function, balance and gait, activities of daily living, etc. Those virtual reality-based telerehabilitation method had an effect on upper extremity function and ability of sense of balance in all studies, and on the activities of daily living partially. Telerehabilitation service to make up environmental specificity improved satisfaction of client. That meaned the effect of the intervention to maintain the function. Conclusion : The virtual reality-based telerehabilitation system was applied to upper extremity function, sense of balance, and activities of daily living largely, and it showed that it helped to improve functions through intervention, supervision, and training of therapist in the home environment as well. This study suggests the basis and possibility of clinical application on virtual-reality based telerehabilitation. Additional research is needed to diverse virtual reality intervention methods and the effect of telerehabilitation in the future.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.247-253
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a visual flow speed's modulation-based VR(virtual reality) program on gait function in stroke patients. Thirty one stroke patients were randomly selected at Dep. of Rehabilitation medicine of M hospital in Seoul. We carried out the gait analysis by dividing them with four conditions : one condition had applied without the visual flow modulation-based VR and another had done three visual flow speed's modulation-based VR(0.25, 1, 2 times). The gait analysis was used with GaitRite system. The data were collected using gait velocity, cadence, stride length, step length, single support time, and double support time during treatment. The results were as follows. First, the slow visual flow(0.25 times)-based VR program on the condition was significant decrease gait velocity, cadence, stride length, step length and increase single support time, double support time(p<.05). Second, the fast visual flow(2 times)-based VR program on the condition was significant increase gait velocity, cadence, stride length, step length, single support time on paretic lower limb and decrease single support time on non-paretic lower limb, double support time(p<.05). Third, the normal visual flow(1 times)-based VR program on the condition was not significant differ gait velocity, cadence, stride length, step length, single support time, double support time. In conclusion, the visual flow speed's modulation-based VR program improves gait function in chronic stroke patients.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.25 no.9
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• pp.798-806
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• 2024

Objective: Dual-layer CT (DLCT) can create virtual monochromatic images (VMIs) at various monochromatic X-ray energies, particularly at low keV levels, with high contrast-to-noise ratio. The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical feasibility of contrast-enhanced chest DLCT with a low keV VMI for preoperative breast cancer staging, in comparison to breast MRI. Materials and Methods: A total of 152 patients with 155 index breast cancers were enrolled in the study. VMIs were generated from contrast-enhanced chest DLCT at 40 keV and maximum intensity projection (MIP) with three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction was performed for both bilateral breast areas. Two radiologists reviewed in consensus the 3D MIP images of the chest DLCT with VMI and breast MRI in separate sessions with a 3-month wash-out period. The detection rate and mean tumor size of the index cancer were compared between the chest DLCT with VMI and breast MRI. Additionally, the agreement of tumor size measurement between the two imaging modalities were evaluated. Results: Of all index cancers, 84.5% (131/155) were detected in the chest DLCT with VMI, while 88.4% (137/155) were detected in the breast MRI (P = 0.210). The Bland-Altman agreement between the chest DLCT with VMI and breast MRI was a mean difference of -0.05 cm with 95% limits of agreement of -1.29 to 1.19 cm. The tumor size in the chest DLCT with VMI (2.3 ± 1.7 cm) was not significantly different from that in the breast MRI (2.4 ± 1.6 cm) (P = 0.106). Conclusion: The feasibility of chest DLCT with VMI was demonstrated for preoperative tumor staging in breast cancer patients, showing comparable cancer detectability and good agreement in tumor size measurement compared to breast MRI. This suggests that chest DLCT with VMI can serve as a potential alternative for patients who have contraindications to breast MRI.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 2022

Purpose When performing a whole-body bone scan, many patients are experiencing psychological difficulties due to the close distance to the detector. Recently, in the medical field, there is a report that using virtual reality (VR) equipment can give pain relief to pediatric patients with weak concentration or patients receiving severe treatment through a distraction method. Therefore, in this paper, VR equipment was used to provide psychological stability to patients during nuclear medicine tests, and it is intended to evaluate whether it can be used in clinical practice. Materials and Methods As VR equipment, ALLIP Z6 VR (ALLIP, Korea) was used and the experiment was conducted after connecting to a mobile phone. The subjects were 30 patients who underwent whole-body bone examination from September 1, 2021 to September 30, 2021. After intravenous injection of 99mTc-HDP, 3 to 6 hours later, VR equipment was put on and whole body images were obtained. After the test, a survey was conducted, and a Likert scale of 5 points was used for psychological anxiety and satisfaction with VR equipment. Hypothesis verification and reliability of the survey were analyzed using SPSS Statistics 25 (IBM, Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Results Anxiety about the existing whole-body bone test was 3.03±1.53, whereas that of anxiety after wearing VR equipment was 2.0±1.21, indicating that anxiety decreased to 34%. When regression analysis of the effect of the patient's concentration on VR equipment on anxiety about the test, the B value was 0.750 (P<0.01) and the t value was 6.181 (P<0.01). decreased and showed an influence of 75%. In addition, overall satisfaction with VR equipment was 3.76±1.28, and the intention to reuse was 66%. The Cronbach α value of the reliability coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.901. Conclusion When using VR equipment, patients' attention was dispersed, anxiety was reduced, and psychological stability was found. In the future, as VR equipment technology develops, it is thought that if the equipment can be miniaturized and the resolution of VR content images is increased, it can be used in various clinical settings if it provides more realistic stability to the patient.

• Oral Biology Research
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.235-240
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• 2018

Standard oral and maxillofacial three-dimensional model was developed with patients' medical data while virtual reality (VR) simulator was developed in conjunction with head mount display (HMD) and Haptic device. The objective of this study was to evaluate the preclinical use of a VR training simulator in tooth preparation practice. Eighty-nine dental students were trained how to operate the simulator. The participants were then given sufficient time on the simulator to practice dental preparation. The students experience and opinion was then taken in through filling of questionnaires. On average content received 1.8 points, anatomy had 2.5 points, 2.6 points for the applicability, and 2.0 for the usability. As for the detailed items scores, queries about the possible development of the simulator and the interest of the learning process through the simulator were the highest at 3.1 and 3.0 points, respectively. Question about the benefit of the HMD and the haptic device during the practice had 1.5 and 1.6 points, respectively. The average total score was 2.2 points. VR tooth preparation simulator in the field of clinical dental education has powerful potential in regard to realistic models, environments, vision, posture, and economical efficiency.

• Journal of International Society for Simulation Surgery
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.69-73
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• 2016

Traditionally 2D cephalometric analysis has been used for diagnosis and treatment of maxillofacial deformities. However, 2D has some limitations in diagnosis and treatment planning especially facial asymmetry cases. The most weakness of 2D is overlapping and unpredictability. Today 3D treatment tools are used by many maxillofacial surgeons. 3D treatment tools can show ungarbled facial anatomy and do virtual surgery. The aim of this report is to present usefulness of using 3D analysis and virtual orthognathic surgery for severe facial asymmetry patients.