• 센서학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.406-411
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• 2016

The application of visual and auditory senses into virtual reality is easily taken for granted, but the sense of smell has been largely ignored. But many researches have shown that olfactory stimulation in virtual environments can increase the immersion and reality. In practical virtual reality, the use of scents is not always able to increase the immersion and reality. An ill-matched scent can decrease the reality. To solve this problem, we developed scent devices that can adjustable scents and scent intensity in order to display a well-matched scents in virtual reality. And we propose simple and practical way to program specific location to display scents and developed API function to control a developed scent device at virtual reality software.

• 융합신호처리학회논문지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 청취자가 3차원 공간에서 자유로이 움직일 수 있는 음장 재생 시스템을 개발하였다. 시스템은 방음실($4.7m(W){\times}2.8m(D){\times}3.0m(H)$)에 설치하였으며 개인용 컴퓨터, 음의 제시장치 그리고 3차원 초음파 센서로 구성하였다. 본 시스템에서는 실내 전체를 감지하는 3차원 초음파 센서로부터 청취자의 위치 정보 및 자세각 정보를 얻어, 컴퓨터에서 나오는 음신호에 머리전달함수(HRTFs)를 삽입하여 음의 제시 장치로부터 출력하도록 설정하였다. 실험에 사용한 머리전달함수는 청취자의 머리 정변에서 1.5m 떨어진 지점에서 각각 측정하였다. 그리고 시스템의 성능을 평가하기 위해 가상 음원의 위치를 랜덤으로 변화시키고, 청취자에게는 자유로운 이동을 허락한 상태에서 음원의 위치를 찾는 실험을 수행하였다. 그 결과, 3차원 공간에 있어서 제시된 음원의 위치에서 청취자가 추정한 위치까지의 거리 오차는 약 30cm 이내로 나타났다.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.101-122
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• 1997

Our recent work on virtual environments and virtual displays is reviewed, including our efforts to establish the Virtual Environment Research, Interactive Technology, And Simulation (VERITAS) facility and our research on spatial hearing. VERITAS is a state-of -the-art multisensory facility, built around the ${CAVE}^{TM}$ technology. High-quality 3D audio is included and haptic interfaces are planned. The facility will support technical and non-technical users working in a wide variety of application areas. Our own research emphasizes the importance of auditory stimulation in virtual environments and complex display systems. Experiments on auditory-aided visual target acquistion, sensory conflict, sound localization in noise, and loxalization of speech stimuli are discussed.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.326-333
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• 2011

본 연구는 공간적 정보의 청각적 제시 가능성을 확인하기 위해 머리전달함수(head-related transfer function: HRTF)를 통해 생성된 3D사운드를 가상공간상 대상 위치의 직각형태(orthogonal pattern), 혹은 대각형태(diagonal pattern)의 조합으로 배열하여 투시장치(See-Through HMD)로 증강현실을 경험하고 있는 사용자 과제수행의 정확성과 반응시간을 측정하였다. 본 연구에서 실시한 실험들의 결과를 종합하면, 3D 사운드로 대상의 위치 정보를 제시할 때는 사용자로부터의 방향은 직각으로 위치시키는 정보 배열이 정확성을 확보할 수 있고, 또한 가상적 깊이를 이용하여 정보를 배열하는 것도 그 깊이를 구분할 수 있으나 정확성이 떨어짐을 확인하였다. 특히 보다 현실적인 과제 상황에서의 수행을 비교하기 위해 설계된 이중과제(dual task)를 하는 동안 제시된 청각자극 조건에서도 이러한 정확성과 반응시간의 차이가 마찬가지로 나타났다. 이런 결과를 통해 3D사운드로 대상의 위치와 같은 공간적 정보를 제시 가능한 최적의 배열 형태를 제안하는데, 이는 어떤 패턴으로 정보를 구조화하여 제시하느냐에 따라 청각적 위치 정보 제시의 성공 여부가 결정된다는 것을 의미한다.

• 센서학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.249-255
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• 2012

Among the human senses, olfactory information still does not have a proper data presentation method unlike that regarding vision and auditory information. It makes presenting the sense of smell into multimedia information impossible, which may be an exploratory field in human computer interaction. In this paper, we propose an olfactory information presentation method, which is a way to use smell as multimedia information, and show an application for scent generation and odor display using a web service. The olfactory information can present smell characteristics such as intensity, persistence, hedonic tone, and odor description. The structure of data format based on olfactory information can also be organized according to data types such as integer, float, char, string, and bitmap. Furthermore, it can be used for data transmitting via a web service and for odor display using a scent generator. The scent generator, which can display information of smell, is developed to generate 6 odors using 6 aroma solutions and a diluted solution with 14 micro-valves and a micropump. Throughout the experiment, we confirm that the remote user can grasp information of smell transmitted by messenger service and request odor display to the computer controlled scent generator. It contributes to enlarge existing virtual reality and to be proposed as a standard reference method regarding olfactory information presentation for future multimedia technology.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.101-107
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• 2019

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to analyze the user requirements and developer requirements in virtual reality(VR), and suggest ways to increase the satisfaction of users who experience virtual reality. Specifically, focused on experience store of VR as a distribution retailer, user requirements were analyzed according to the results of previous research that the characteristics of Affordance, Presence, and Head Mounted Display (HMD) affect user satisfaction. Research, design, data, and methodology - Based on previous studies, in this study, we analyzed the importance of immerse, interaction, perception, and presence for the satisfaction of the user through the questionnaire, and the user experiences virtual reality (VR) The importance of HMD, Presence, Affordance, and experience satisfaction were analyzed. Based on this, we analyzed the user requirements and the developer requirements based on the questionnaires and interviews of the experts, starting from the user's desire or preference using QFD technique. Results - As a result of the analysis, the development factors that occupied a big part in the virtual reality field appeared to be visual. In detail, this showed that there was a lack of sense of presence for users. This should be improved. This paper shows that the requirements for visual, auditory, and tactile development are necessary. For the satisfaction of the users of virtual reality (VR) users, it is necessary to develop them according to their priority in consideration of importance and difficulty in the future. Conclusions - In this study, it was suggested that development according to priority should be considered, considering the difficulty level. Based on the results of this study, the following suggestions are made. First, we tried to search the list of user requirements as much as possible, but it is likely to change due to the development of VR technology. Therefore, it is necessary for developers to continually supplement user requirements with recent research literature. Second, development priorities according to difficulty level should be considered. This aspect should be considered in the actual VR development process, so if the numerical value of the difficulty is calculated, it should be presented in the research.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제53권12호
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• pp.161-168
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• 2016

최근 스마트폰의 대중화 및 저가형 헤드 마운트 디스플레이(head mounted display, HMD) 보급으로 가상현실(virtual reality, VR)이 다양한 분야에 응용되고 있다. VR HMD는 시각, 청각 등 인간의 감각기관을 통해 실제와 같은 체험을 가능케하는 인터페이스 기기이다. 양안 디스플레이, 360도 콘텐츠 구현, 깊이 정보에 의해 구현됨에 따라 인간의 여러 감각기능 중 시각과 관련이 있다. 기존의 연구는 주로 멀미, 시각피로와 같은 유해성 측면에 대한 감소 방안 연구가 주로 이루어졌으며, 시각 치료 등에 대한 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 따라서 본 논문은 VR HMD 에서의 비전 테라피 활용을 위한 기술 요소 도출 및 활용 가능 분야를 알아본다. 이를 위해 기존 사례연구 및 기술 요소를 분석하여 비전 테라피 16 분야를 도출하였고, VR HMD 시표 활용을 위한 광학적 파라미터를 도출하였다. 본 연구 결과는 VR HMD 기반을 둔 비전 테라피 시표 개발에 활용 될 것으로 기대된다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권7호
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• pp.2656-2661
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• 2023

The project of China initiative Accelerator Driven Subcritical (CiADS) system has been started to construct in southeast China's Guangdong province since 2019, which is expected to be checked and accepted in the year 2025. In order to make the students in University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS) better understand the main characteristic and the operation condition in the subcritical nuclear facility, the training platform for CiADS has been developed based on the Cave Automatic Virtual Environment (CAVE) in the Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences (IMPCAS). The CAVE platform is a kind of non-head mounted virtual reality display system, which can provide the immersive experience and the alternative training platform to substitute the dangerous operation experiments with strong radioactivity. In this paper, the CAVE platform for the training scenarios in CiADS system has been presented with real-time simulation feature, where the required devices to generate the auditory and visual senses with the interactive mode have been detailed. Moreover, the three dimensional modeling database has been created for the different operation conditions, which can bring more freedom for the teachers to generate the appropriate training courses for the students. All the user-friendly features will offer a deep realistic impression to the students for the purpose of getting the required knowledge and experience without the large costs in the traditional experimental nuclear reactor.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.920-927
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• 2008

This study deals with modeling of Head-Related Transfer Functions (HRTFs) using Principal Components Analysis (PCA) in the time and frequency domains. Four PCA models based on Head-Related Impulse Responses (HRIRs), complex-valued HRTFs, augmented HRTFs, and log-magnitudes of HRTFs are investigated. The objective of this study is to compare modeling performances of the PCA models in the least-squares sense and to show the theoretical relationship between the PCA models. In terms of the number of principal components needed for modeling, the PCA model based on HRIR or augmented HRTFs showed more efficient modeling performance than the PCA model based on complex-valued HRTFs. The PCA model based on HRIRs in the time domain and that based on augmented HRTFs in the frequency domain are shown to be theoretically equivalent. Modeling performance of the PCA model based on log-magnitudes of HRTFs cannot be compared with that of other PCA models because the PCA model deals with log-scaled magnitude components only, whereas the other PCA models consider both magnitude and phase components in linear scale.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.282-288
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• 2014

Three-dimensional multimedia industry such as 3D TV, movie and broadcast has been developed vividly. For generating 3D contents with high quality, virtual auditory display, so called VAD, is being researched to offer more realistic experience to listeners. When people render VAD using headphones or two speakers, head-related transfer function(HRTF) plays a key role. The best solution is measuring all individuals' HRTFs, but it is hard to measure all listeners' HRTFs. To overcome this difficulty, many research groups have tried to construct their own measurement system and to build HRTF databases. However, some of them have not enough subjects or spatial resolution and they are mainly focused on Caucasian. There exists difference between Korean and Caucasian in a view of physical features. In other words, if Koreans hear three-dimensional sound rendered by HRTF database based on Caucasian, performance might be hindered. To verify this possibility and remedy the drawbacks, construction of new HRTF database aimed at Korean is needed. Therefore, our laboratory built HRTF measurement system which can measure HRTF of three-dimensional space with dense spatial resolution. With this system, 55 Korean males and 45 females' HRTFs were measured and Korean HRTF database was built based on these data.