• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.108-116
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• 2008

Recently the advent of web 2.0 era is an important trend in the business environmental change. Web 2.0 era means users' active participation, share, and openness, develop 'Internet penetration into everyday life,' and change many aspects of our society. web 2.0 has been making these following changes in the socioeconomic aspects: 1) acceleration of system shift to a small quantity of multi-species production system 2) growing influence of on-line channel/information to consumers 3) various minorities' power increase in the socioeconomic sector. web 2.0 has been making these following changes in the enterprise management: 1) the pursuit of open innovation from outside 2) active employment of viral marketing through Internet 3) the pursuit of present business transformation 4) strengthening of customer communication through open dialogue. Firms must squarely look at socioeconomic changes owing to web 2.0, and utilize them as business opportunities.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.57-65
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• 2020

This study is places importance on health and safety in the era of untact, non-face-to-face care areas are increasing. To find out the fun factors and the effect of immersion on use satisfaction of health application users. Through the first factor analysis, we found the fun and immersion elements(joyful, interest, social intercourse) of users. Secondly, we looked at the impact of fun factors and immersion on satisfaction (viral intention, continuity). Finally, we looked at whether the user's characteristics affect satisfaction. The impact on fun factors and satisfaction was different depending on gender, which are characteristics of health application users. Both men and women showed significant results in oral tradition of pleasure, and in the case of women, elements of joy and psychological compensation were found to affect the continuation of use. It is thought that it is important to consider this in terms of marketing so that the elements of enjoyment among the fun factors of users through health application can continuously affect the continuation of use or oral tradition.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.23-38
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• 2017

In order to identify effective approaches for creating more viral Facebook posts, this research conducted an empirical content analysis of leading Korean brands' Facebook fan-pages (Samsung Mobile, SK Telecom, Kia Motors, and POSCO). Their distinctive visual storytelling and communication patterns were investigated as effective user engagement triggers. Through analysis of the research results, it was statistically proved that the different industrial attributes of the four brands, which are primarily characterized by their product (or service) types, affect their Facebook posting patterns by showing different engaging rates (measured by like, comment, and share metrics). In addition, the user engagement rates of the posts were influenced by their visual storytelling factors (i.e. ad objective, value scale, and visual media types). In line with these statistical findings, the distinctive visual storytelling strategies of the four brands were identified. Moreover, competitive and uncompetitive visual storytelling tactics were suggested according to the ad objectives and visual media types on Facebook.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.90-97
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• 2020

Oncolytic viruses are characterized by their ability to selectively kill cancer cells, and thus they have potential for application as novel anticancer agents. Despite an increase in the number of studies on methodologies involving oncolytic viruses, bioinformatic studies generating useful data are lacking. We constructed a database for oncolytic virus research (the oncolytic virus database, OVDB) by integrating scattered genetic information on oncolytic viruses and proposed a systematic means of using the biological data in the database. Our database provides data on 14 oncolytic viral strains and other types of viruses for comparative analysis. We constructed the OVDB using the basic local alignment search tool, and therefore can provides genetic information on highly homologous oncolytic viruses. This study contributes to facilitate systematic bioinformatics research, providing valuable data for development of oncolytic virus-based anticancer therapies.

• BMB Reports
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.335-340
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• 2023

During normal physiological and abnormal pathophysiological conditions, all cells release membrane vesicles, termed extracellular vesicles (EVs). Growing evidence has revealed that EVs act as important messengers in intercellular communication. EVs play emerging roles in cellular responses and the modulation of immune responses during virus infection. EVs contribute to triggering antiviral responses to restrict virus infection and replication. Conversely, the role of EVs in the facilitation of virus spread and pathogenesis has been widely documented. Depending on the cell of origin, EVs carry effector functions from one cell to the other by horizontal transfer of their bioactive cargoes, including DNA, RNA, proteins, lipids, and metabolites. The diverse constituents of EVs can reflect the altered states of cells or tissues during virus infection, thereby offering a diagnostic readout. The exchanges of cellular and/or viral components by EVs can inform the therapeutic potential of EVs for infectious diseases. This review discusses recent advances of EVs to explore the complex roles of EVs during virus infection and their therapeutic potential, focusing on HIV-1.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.71-81
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• 2000

High molecular weight water-insoluble chitosan alone has been previously shown to exhibit in vitro stimulatory effect on macrophages nitric oxide (NO) production. However, high molecular weight water-soluble chitosan (WSC) had no effect on NO production by itself. When WSC was used in combination with recombinant $interferon-{\gamma}\;(Rifn-{\gamma})$, there was a marked cooperative induction of NO synthesis in a dose-dependent manner. The optimal effect of WSC on NO synthesis was shown at 24 h after treatment with $rIFN-{\gamma}$. The increased production of NO from $rIFN-{\gamma}$ plus WSC-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages was decreased by the treatment with $N^G$ $monomethyl-_L-arginine$. The increase in NO synthesis was reflected, as an increased amounts of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) protein. Synergy between $rIFN-{\gamma}$ and WSC was mainly dependent on WSC-induced nuclear $factor-_KB$ activation. The present results indicate that WSC may provide various activities such as anti-microbial, anti-tumoral, and anti-viral. In addition, since NO has emerged as an important intracellular and intercellular regulatory molecule having functions as diverse as vasodilation, neural communication, cell growth regulation and host defense, it is tempting to hypothesize that this WSC is involved in the local control of the various fundamental processes such as cardiagra, cardiac infarction, impotence etc.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.917-928
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• 2021

This study is an empirical investigation of the effectiveness of guerrilla-marketing techniques in creating a positive brand image among generation Y (millennial) consumers. Five guerrilla techniques practiced by companies-such as viral marketing (EWOM), stealth marketing, ambush, graffiti, and clickbait ads-were studied, and hypotheses were proposed. This study adopted a quantitative approach and a questionnaire using the non-probability sampling technique was developed to collect data and self-administered to 248 millennial respondents on various university campuses. The data collected were analyzed through structured modeling on AMOS. The findings of this research revealed that guerrilla marketing affects symbolic and experiential brand image. Further, the results revealed that stealth marketing, graffiti, and click bait advertising were found to be influential on both symbolic and experiential brand images. As an exception, the hypotheses for ambush marketing were found to have no significant influence on the brand image (symbolic and experiential). Moreover, ambush technique in campaigns may have a negative impact on the brand image. Conversely, the study found that clickbait ads had a significantly negative influence on experiential brand image. Consequently, the results of this study strengthen past findings and concluded that guerrilla marketing techniques are beneficial communication tools in the limited marketing budgets.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.85-105
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• 2012

In recent years, IT advancement has brought out the new Internet communication environment such as online social network services, where people are connected in global network without temporal and spatial limitation. The popular use of online social network helps people share their experience and preference for specific products and services, thus holding large potential to significantly affect firms' business performance through Word-of-Mouth (WOM). This study examines the role of online social network in raising WOM effect on the movie industry by comparing with the similar role of Internet portal, another major online communication channel. Analyzing 109 movies and data from both Twitter and Naver movie, we found that significant WOM effect exists simultaneously in both Twitter and Naver movie. However, we also found that different figures of online viral effects exist depending on the popularity of movies. In the hit movie group, before the movie release, the WOM effect occurs only in Twitter while the WOM effect arises in both Twitter and Naver movie at the same time after the movie release. In the less-popular (or niche) movie group, the WOM effect occurs in both Twitter and Naver movie only before the movie release. Our findings not only deepen theoretical insights into different roles of the two online communication channels in provoking the WOM effect on entertainment products but also provide practitioners with incentive to utilize SNS as strategic marketing platform to enhance their brand reputations.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.11
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• pp.1817-1829
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• 2019

Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is an emerging swine enteric coronavirus that causes diarrhea in neonatal piglets. Like other coronaviruses, PDCoV encodes at least three accessory or species-specific proteins; however, the biological roles of these proteins in PDCoV replication remain undetermined. As a first step toward understanding the biology of the PDCoV accessory proteins, we established a stable porcine cell line constitutively expressing the PDCoV NS7 protein in order to investigate the functional characteristics of NS7 for viral replication. Confocal microscopy and subcellular fractionation revealed that the NS7 protein was extensively distributed in the mitochondria. Proteomic analysis was then conducted to assess the expression dynamics of the host proteins in the PDCoV NS7-expressing cells. High-resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis initially identified 48 protein spots which were differentially expressed in the presence of NS7. Seven of these spots, including two up-regulated and five down-regulated protein spots, showed statistically significant alterations, and were selected for subsequent protein identification. The affected cellular proteins identified in this study were classified into functional groups involved in various cellular processes such as cytoskeleton networks and cell communication, metabolism, and protein biosynthesis. A substantial down-regulation of α-actinin-4 was confirmed in NS7-expressing and PDCoV-infected cells. These proteomic data will provide insights into the understanding of specific cellular responses to the accessory protein during PDCoV infection.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.162-174
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• 1997

Background : Metabolic cooperation via gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) is an important mechanism of the bystander effect in gene therapy using the Herpes Simplex Virus thymidine kinase/ganciclovir (HSVtk) "prodrug" system. Since retinoids have been reported to increase GJIC by induction of connexin 43 expression, we hyporthesized that treatment of tumor cells with retinoic acid could augment the bystander effect of the HSVtk/GCV system and result in improved tumor cell killing by enhancing GJIC. Methods : We transferred HSVtk gene to SKHep-J cell line that does not express connexin43, and also transferred the gene to human and murine mesothelioma cell lines that express connexin43. We verified that retinoic acid enhanced GJIC utilizing a functional double-dye transfer study and evaluated the effects of retinoic acid on the growth rate of tumor cells. We then tested the effects of retinoic acid on bystander-mediated cell killing. Results : Addition of all-trans retinoic acid (RA) increased GJIC in cell lines expressing connexin 43 and was asspciated with more efficient in vitro bystander killing in cells transduced with HSVtk via adenoviral and retroviral vectors. In contrast, there was no increase in the efficiency of the bystander effect after exposure to RA in a cell line which had no delectable connexin 43. Conclusion : These results provide evidence that retinoids can augment the efficiency of cell killing with the HSVtk/GCV system by enhancing bystander effect and may thus be a promising new approach to improve responses in gene therapy utilizing the HSVtk system to treat tumors.