• 시큐리티연구
• /
• 제39호
• /
• pp.131-160
• /
• 2014

이 연구는 디아스포라의 지원과 이와 관련된 요인들이 테러집단의 폭력적 활동에 어떠한 영향을 미치는 가를 경험적으로 분석하였다. 특히, 이 연구는 중동과 아프리카지역의 테러단체에 대한 정보를 담고 있는 Minority at Risk 프로젝트의 MAROB(the Minorities at Risk Organizational Behavior) 데이터를 사용하여 테러활동에 대한 연구가 적었던 중동과 아프리카 지역의 폭력적 테러활동에 대한 경험적 분석을 수행하였다. 분석을 위해서는 단계적 회귀분석연구방법이 적용되었다. 연구결과 디아스포라의 지원이 테러집단의 폭력적 활동에 중대한 영향을 미치고 있다는 것을 확인하였고, 그 외의 테러집단의 폭력적 활동에 영향을 미치는 요인들이 디아스포라와 테러활동 간의 관계에 복잡한 형태로 서로영향을 미치는 상호적 관계를 가지고 있다는 것을 암시하는 결과를 발견하였다. 이러한 결과는 테러활동은 매우 복잡하고 다양한 관계들의 영향아래서 발생하고 있는 정치적, 심리적, 그리고 사회문화적인 문제라는 것을 확인하여주었다. 또한 동시에 근래에 심각한 문제로 떠오른 디아스포라의 급진화를 예방하기 위해서 다양한 측면의 정책적 고려가 필요한 것과 관련 연구가 필요하다는 것을 제안하고 있다.

• 시큐리티연구
• /
• 제1호
• /
• pp.351-370
• /
• 1997

This study concerns possible measures to prevent separatists' terrorist acts against overseas Korean businessmen. Of late, many Korean enterprises are helping a number of foreign countries develop their economy, by building factories and manning regional offices in those countries. But recent development of terrorism especially against Korean businessmen is alarming. This report discusses the need for Korean enterprises heading overseas to prepare themselves with awareness of terrorism and possible protective measures against it, besides their routine pursuance of profits; and for the government and prospective enterprises to refrain from investing in those countries having active separatist movements. If an investment has become inevitable, a careful survey of the region in conflict should be conducted and self-protective measures should be put in place through security information exchange, emergency coordination and training of personnel, etc. This study will first review the past terrorist incidents involving employees of overseas Korean enterprises, and then will focuss on seeking effective measures on the basis of the reported incidents. In carrying out the study, related literature from both home and abroad have been used along with the preliminary materials reported and known on the Internet from recent incidents. 1. The separatist movements of minority groups Lately, minority separatist groups are increasingly resorting to terrorism to draw international attention with the political aim of gaining extended self rule or independence. 2. The state of terrorism against overseas Korean enterprises and Koreans Korean enterprises are now operating businesses, and having their own personnel stationed, in 85 countries including those in South East Asia and Middle East regions. In Sri Lanka, where a Korean enterprise recently became a target of terrorist bombing, there are 75 business firms from Korea and some 700 Korean employees are stationed as of August 1996. A total of 19 different terrorist incidents have taken place against Koreans abroad since 1990. 3. Terrorism preventive measures Terrorism preventive measures are discussed in two ways: measures by the government and by the enterprises. ${\blacktriangleleft}$ Measures by the government - Possible measures at governmental level can include collection and dissemination of terrorist activity information. Emphasis should be given to the information on North Korean activities in particular. ${\blacktriangleleft}$ Measures by individual enterprises - Organizational security plan must be established by individual enterprises and there should also be an increase of security budget. A reason for reluctant effort toward positive security plan is the perception that the security budget is not immediately linked to an increment of profit gain. Ensuring safety for overseas personnel is a fundamental obligation of an enterprise. Consultation and information exchange on security plan, and an emergency support system at a threat to security must be sought after and implemented. 4. Conclusion Today's terrorism varies widely depending on reasons and causes, and its means has become increasingly informationalized and scientific as well while its method is becoming more clandestine and violent. Terrorist organizations are increasingly aiming at enterprises for acquisition of budgets needed for their activities. Korean enterprises have extended their business realm to foreign countries since 1970, exposing themselves to terrorism. Enterprises and their employees, therefore, should establish their own security measures on the one hand while the government must provide general measures, on the other, for the protection of the life and property of Korean residents abroad from terrorist attacks. In this regard, set-up of a counter terrorist organization that coordinates the efforts of government authorities in various levels in planning and executing counter terrorist measures is desired. Since 1965, when the hostile North Korea began to step up its terrorist activities against South Koreans, there have been 7 different occasions of assassination attempt on South Korean presidents and some 500 cases of various kidnappings and attempted kidnappings. North Korea, nervous over the continued economic growth and social stabilization of South Korea, is now concentrating its efforts in the destruction and deterioration of the national power of South Korea for its earlier realization of reunification by force. The possibility of North Korean terrorism can be divided into external terrorist acts and internal terrorist acts depending on the nationality of the terrorists it uses. The external terrorist acts include those committed directly by North Korean agents in South Korea and abroad and those committed by dissident Koreans, hired Korean residents, or international professionals or independent international terrorists bought or instigated by North Korea. To protect the life and property of Korean enterprises and their employees abroad from the threat of terrorism, the government's administrative support and the organizational efforts of enterprises should necessarily be directed toward the planning of proper security measures and training of employees. Also, proper actions should be taken against possible terrorist acts toward Korean business employees abroad as long as there are ongoing hostilities from minority groups against their governments.

• 시큐리티연구
• /
• 제41호
• /
• pp.185-212
• /
• 2014

이 연구는 국제사회의 안보에 큰 위험인 살라피 지하디스트 테러운동의 전체적인 흐름의 변화인 탈-알카에다 중심화에 대한 분석과 그 변화를 주도하고 있는 IS, 즉 "이슬람 스테이트(The Islam State: 이하 IS)"와 보코하람(Boko Haram)의 두 테러집단의 위험성 및 테러네크워크의 관계성을 분석한 연구이다. 이와 같은 연구 분석을 위해서 이 연구는 IS와 보코하람의 다양한 문헌분석을 통해 이들 집단들의 일반적 특성과 네트워크적 특성을 분석하고, START center의 GTD 데이터를 사용하여 이들 집단의 위험성을 분석하였다. 분석결과, 1988년 알카에다가 설립된 이후로 글로벌 지하디스트 테러집단의 테러활동과 그 네트워크는 약 네 차례의 변화를 겪은 것으로 이해되며 현재의 네 번째의 과정에서는 알카에다를 중심으로 이루어진 살라피지하디스트 테러운동이 지역분권화과정을 겪고 있는 있다고 이해하였다. 그리고 이러한 지역적 분권화는 IS와 보코하람으로 대표되는 극단적 살라피 지히다시트 집단에 의해 이끌어져 가고 있으며, 이들지역분권화된 지하디스트 테러집단은 작은 단위의 테러집단화로 인해서 글로벌 지하디즘의 목표를 궁극적으로 달성하기 어려운 취약성르 가지지만, 동시에 현재의 국제사회 더 큰 위협을 가져다 줄 수 있는 몇 가지 강력함을 가지게 되었다고 분석되었다. 이들 집단들이 내포하고 있는 구체적인 위험성에 대해 연구에서 설명되고 있다. 이 연구의 분석의 대상인 IS와 보코하람의 활동과 네트워크, 그리고 위험성 분석을 바탕으로 앞으로의 살라피지히다시트 테러운동의 방향성에 대해서 예측하고 가까운 미래의 전 세계의 대테러 안보전략의 방향성에 대해 논의하였다.