• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.213-218
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• 1996

Multidrug resistance (MDR) has been a major problem in cancer chemotherapy. To overcome this problem, we prepared minor ginsenosides stereoselectively from ginseng saponins and searched for a ginseng component which is effective for inhibition of MDR. MDR inhibition activity was determined by measuring cytotoxicity to MDR cells using multidrug resistant human fibrocarcinoma KB V20C, which is resistant to 20 nM vincristine and expresses high level of mdr1 gene. Of several ginseng components, 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg_3$, a red ginseng saponin, was found to have the most potent inhibitory activity on MDR and it's concentration capable of inhibiting 50% growth was $82\muM$.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.867-872
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• 1989

Primary mediastinal immature teratoma is a rare germinal tumor which includes various elements of mature teratoma, choriocarcinoma, yolk sac carcinoma, embryonal carcinoma, and seminoma in some proportions. The tumor is virtually restricted to young man and the response to surgery and radiotherapy are poor. Recently, we experienced a case of primary mediastinal immature teratoma with elevated serum [-HCG and [-fetoprotein in 18 years old man. The well-encapsulated mass, weighing 4.5 kg, was completely resected and then adjuvant combination chemotherapy was tried with Vincristine, Bleomycin, and Cisplatin. Radical excision of tumor and adjuvant chemotherapy would appear to produce better result than have been reported in other cases. The postoperative course was uneventful and the tumor markers were returned to normal range.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.122-123
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• 2016

A dog (Maltese, 4-year-old, intact male) was referred to the hospital because of the multiple cabbage-shaped nodular masses on penis, preputial fornix and inner layer of prepuce with the free-roaming history. Those appearance was similar with the characteristic of transmissible venereal tumor (TVT). As a result, it was tentatively diagnosed as TVT by the veterinarian of a local clinic and treated with vincristine sulfate. However, the lesion did not regress. Histologically, the mass was consisted of fibrovascular connective tissue stalks and keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, and koilocytosis and intranuclear inclusion body were not shown in the epithelial layer. In addition, inflammatory changes were minimal in the tissue of mass. Based on these findings, this case was diagnosed as venereal squamous papilloma. As the treatments of TVT and papilloma differs, practitioners must be cautious with the diagnosis.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.101-104
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• 2015

A 55-year-old man was admitted to the hospital for jaundice. Computed tomography (CT) scans showed a diffuse mass in the pancreas and peripancreatic area, with infiltration to of the whole pancreas, and overall reduced enhancement compared to normal pancreas. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed elevated mucosal lesion covered hyperemic mucosa at duodenal bulb and ulcerative lesion at body of stomach. Endoscopic ultrasonography revealed an irregular mass with unclear boundaries was observed within the pancreas. Abrupt narrowing of mid to distal common bile duct was seen and the stricture was caused by compression of pancreatic mass. Plastic stent was inserted and clinical improvement was achieved including resolution of jaundice. The patient is currently being treated with combination of rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone. We report a case of primary pancreatic lymphoma presenting with obstructive jaundice.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.740-747
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• 2000

Background : To compare the efficacies and side effects of etoposide, cisplatin/cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, vincristine(VPP/CAV) with those of carboplatin etoposide(CE) in extensive stage small cell lung cancer patients. Method : Patients with extensive stage small lung cancer who has measurable disease were eligible. VPP/CAV group(n=22) was treated with cisplatin(60mg/$m^2$ iv. D1) etoposide(100mg/$m^2$ iv. D1-3), and 3 weeks later cyclophosphamide(1000mg/$m^2$ iv. D1), adriamycin( 40mg/$m^2$ iv. D1), and vincristine(1.4mg/$m^2$ iv. D1), were administered alternatively. CE group(n=22) was treated with carboplatin(325mg/$m^2$ iv. D1) and etoposide (100mg/$m^2$ iv. D1-3) ; repeated treatment was performed every 3 weeks. Result : Forty four patients were eligible for the study. The overall response rate was 61.4% (complete remission rate 0%, partial response rate 61.4%, stable disease rate 25%, progressive disease rate 13.6%), and median survival was 10.8 months. In VPP/CAV group, response rate was 54.5% (complete remission rate 0%, partial response rate 54.4%, stable disease rate 27.3%, progressive disease rate 18.2%), and, in carboplatin/etoposide group, the response rate was 68.2%(complete remission rate 0%, partial response rate 68.2%, stable disease rate 22.7%, progressive disease rate 9.1%). The median survival time was 9.5 months in the VPP/CAV group and 11 months in CE group. The toxicity of both group was moderate, and anemia was more frequent in the CE group. Conclusion : VPP/CAV regimen and CE regimen produced similar response rates and survival times in extensive stage small cell lung cancer patients. CE regimen may be effective as part of the initial therapy for extensive stage small cell lung cancer.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.359-368
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• 2001

Purpose : To determine the long-term results of bladder-preserving approach by transurethral resection of the bladder (TURB), systemic chemotherapy, and radiation therapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer Methods and materiaals : From 1991 Jan. through 1994 Dec., 25 patients with muscle invading clinical stage T2 to T4NxM0 bladder cancer were treated with induction by maximal TURB and (arm 1, n=4) three cycles of chemotherapy [MVAC(methotrexate, vincristine, adriamycin, ciplatin)] followed by 64.8 Gy of radiation with concomitant cisplatin, or two cycles of chemotherapy [MCV (methotrexate, ciplatin, vincristine)] after irradiation with concomitant cisplatin (arm 2, n=14), or concurrent chemoradiation only (arm 3, n=7). Tumor response was scored as a clinical complete response (CR) when the cystoscopic tumor-site biopsy and urine cytology results were negative. Those with less than a CR underwent cystectomy. The median follow-up of all patients was 70 months. Resulst : Most treatment toxicities were mild to moderate. Grade 3 acute hematologic toxicity and chronic cystitis were observed in only 1 and 2 patients, respectively. Overall 5 year survival was $67.3\%$. Complete remission rate was $80\%$ (20/25). Sixty-three percent of all survivors retained their bladders. In multivariate analysis, prognostic factors that significantly affect survival were T-stage (p=0.013) and Complete remission (p=0.002). Conclusion : Combined modality therapy with TURB, chemotherapy, and radiation has a $67.3\%$ overall 5 year survival rate. This result is similar to cystectomy-based studies for patients of similar clinical stages.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.152-162
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• 1999

Purpose: To determine whether $^{99m}Tc$-MIBI is recognized by the multidrug resistant P-glycoprotein (Pgp), we have measured quantitatively $^{99m}Tc$-MIBI uptake in cancer cells. The effects of various Pgp reversing agents on cellular $^{99m}Tc$-MIBI uptake were also investigated in the presence of multidrug resistance gene-1 (mdr1 gene) overexpression. Materials and Methods: We measured percentage uptake of $^{99m}Tc$-MIBI at different incubation temperatures both in mdr1 positive and negative cells. The effects of verapamil, cyclosporin, and dipyridamole on cellular uptake of $^{99m}Tc$-MIBI were also evaluated with or without overex-pression of mdr1 gene in cultured murine leukemia Ll210 cells. Results: The mdr1 gene expressing cell lines were effectively induced in in vitro with continuous application of low-dose adriamycin or vincristine. Cellular uptake of $^{99m}Tc$-MIBI was higher in mdr1 negative Ll210 cells than those of mdr1 positive cells, and higher when incubated in $37^{\circ}C$ than $4^{\circ}C$. In the presence of verapamil, cyclosporin or dipyridamole, $^{99m}Tc$-MIBI uptake was increased upto 604% in mdr1 positive cells. Conclusion: Cellular uptake of $^{99m}Tc$-MIBI is lower in leukemia cells over-expressing mdr1 gene, and MBR-reversing agents increase cellular uptake. These results suggest that $^{99m}Tc$-MIBI can be used for characterizing Pgp expression and developing MDR-reversing agents in vitro.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.273-279
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• 2016

Purpose: Although each Waldeyer's ring sub-site is considered an independent prognostic factor, few studies have assessed the prognosis and treatment of tonsillar lymphoma. Treatment outcomes were analyzed in patients with primary tonsillar lymphoma who were treated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy (RT). Materials and Methods: Nineteen patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma were evaluated, with a median follow-up of 53 months. Age, sex, and histology, amongst other factors, were reviewed. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were analyzed. Results: Most patients had Ann Arbor stage I-II (94.7%), IPI score of 0 (89.5%), and complete remission after chemotherapy (89.5%). The 5-year PFS and OS rates were 74.6% and 80%, respectively. In univariate analysis, the rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) regimen resulted in a better PFS than the cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) regimen (88.9% vs. 50.0%; p = 0.053). RT dose was related to the survival outcome (p = 0.010 for PFS, p = 0.044 for OS). Patients were classified into the CHOP + RT (>40 Gy) group and R-CHOP + RT (${\leq}40Gy$) group. The 5-year PFS rates were 50% in the CHOP + RT group, and 100 % in the R-CHOP + RT group (p = 0.018). The 5-year OS rates were 66.7% and 100%, respectively (p = 0.087). Conclusion: Primary tonsillar lymphoma patients typically have favorable outcomes. Chemotherapy (R-CHOP) combined with relatively lower dose consolidative RT may be safe and effective for primary tonsillar lymphoma.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.59-63
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• 1991

Thirty-one patients with previously untreated and locally advanced nasopharyngeal cancer were retrospectively reviewed for comparing the effects of radical radiotherapy alone with that of combining chemotherapy and radiotherapy from 1983 to 1989 at Kangnam 51. Mavy's hospital.23/31 were evaluable for recurrence and suwival. There were 8 patients for stage III, and 15 patients for stage IV. Eleven patients were treated with radical radiation therapy done (arm I). Twelve patients were given 1~3 courses of cisplatin-5FU or cisplatin-bleomycin-vincristine prior to radiation therapy (arm II). The two arms were comparable in patient characteristics Of 11 radiotherapy Patients, complete response was 55%(6/11) and Partial response 45%(5/11). Among 12 patients after induction chemotherapy, complete response was 25%(3/12) and partial response 75%(9/12). After subsequent radiotherapy, complete response was increased to 83%(10/12) and partial response was 17%(2/12). Treatment failure was 30%(local recurrence; 3/11, and regional recurrence; 1/11) in arm 1 and 33% (local recurrence; 1/12, regional recurrence; 2/12 and distant metastasis; 1/12) in arm ll . There was no significant difference in survival between arm I and arm II (p> 0.05). The toxicities of treatment were acceptable. More controlled clinical trials must be completed before acceptance of chemotherapy as part of a standard radical treatment for locally advanced nasopharyngeal cancer.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.79-92
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• 2006

This study was carried out to evaluate antioxidative, cytotoxic and chemosensitizing effects for anti-tumor activities of Naesosungma-tang (NST). The results were as follows ; 1. The oxidative effects were measured by DPPH radical scavenging activity. NST water extract was showed more effective than ethanol extract and also various solvent fractions from NST showed effective in the following order : butanol fraction > ethyl acetate fraction > hexane fraction > aqueous fraction. 2. NST water extract was showed cytotoxic effects on the human cancer cells Calu-6 cell and SNU-601 cell, but not on MCF-7 cell. 3. The viability of cells was measured in 4 kinds of solvent fractions from water extract of NST by MTT assay. The results were as followings : 1) On the NIH3T3 cell, $IC_{50}$ value was $200{\sim}300\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ in three fractions except aqueous fraction. 2) On the Caco-2 cell, effective only in the butanol fraction. 3) On the Calu-6 cell, most effective in hexane fraction($IC_{50}:80\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) and effective in ethyl acetate and butanol fraction($IC_{50}:100{\sim}120\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$). 4) On the MCF-7 cell, $IC_{50}$ value was similar in three fractions except aqueous fraction. 5) On the SNU-601 cell, $IC_{50}$ value was within $100\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ in three fractions except aqueous fraction. 6) On the HCT-1l6 cell, $IC_{50}$ value was $150{\sim}200\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ in three fractions except aqueous fraction. 7) On the AML-2/WT cell, not effective in four kinds of solvent fractions. 4. In combined effects of NST and vincristine on AML-2/D100 cell, water and ethanol extracts of NST and hexane fraction of water extracts of NST more effectively inhibited proliferation of AML-2/D100 cell. These results Suggest that NST has antioxidative and cytotoxic effects against Caco-2, Calu-6, MCF-7, SNU-601, HCT116 and NIH3T3 cell especially Calu-6 and SNU-601 cell, and also chemosensitizing effects against AML-2/D100 cell in combined vincristine.