• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.140-140
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• 2022

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.287-293
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• 2014

Matsumuraeses phaseoli is one of the main pests that attack the flowers and pods of red bean (Vigna angularis) and mungbean (Vigna radiata) in Korea. To elucidate the developmental characteristics and over-wintering stage of M. phaseoli, several stages of the insect were observed through artificial rearing under outdoor conditions in Suwon ($37^{\circ}$16'N $126^{\circ}$59'E 35ASL), Korea. In colonies in which neonate larvae were reared at about 2-week intervals for more than a year, the developmental period from larva to adult emergence became longer from spring to summer, but shorter from summer to autumn; aestivation was not observed during the summer season. The colony in which rearing started on Oct 8, 2008 over-wintered as pupae and emerged in late April next year with a survival rate of 6%. However, the colony in which the rearing started on Oct 23, 2008 over-wintered as mature larvae, pupated in late April, and emerged in early and mid-May with a survival rate of 2%. When the fifth instar larvae were transferred outside from the laboratory ($25^{\circ}C$, 15L:9D) between November and February, no larvae could survive during the winter season. Some newly laid eggs and newly emerged adults could not hatch and could not survive, respectively, in outdoor conditions in November and December. These results suggest that neonate larvae of M. phaseoli that hatch in October can over-winter as late larvae or pupae in Suwon, Korea.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2023.04a
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• pp.31-31
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• 2023

Mung bean(Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek var. radiata) is a legume that originated in India. It is the third most cultivated legume in Korea after soybean and adzuki bean. Recently, the use of mung bean seeds and sprouts in trendy foods such as rice noodles and Chinese-style stir-fry is expanding thereby increasing its demand. Subsequently, improvement of mung bean varieties is also being actively conducted. In this study, the important agricultural characteristics of 324 mung bean germplasm were recorded and statistically investigated. Seeds of the mung bean germplasm were cultivated at an experimental field located in the National Agrobiodiversity Center (Jeonju, Korea) and 10 quantitative agricultural traits were investigated. Basic statistics, correlation analysis, and principal component analysis were then performed. The results showed significant variations of the quantitative traits among the germplasms (p < 0.05). The days to flowering, maturity, and growth were in the ranges of 31~80, 22~72, and 57~110 days with means of 45, 47, and 92 days, respectively. The highest frequency (f = 192) was for lodging score with 11~50%, while simultaneous maturity (f = 182) was below 50%. Other quantitative traits related to yield including the number of seeds per pod (CV = 10.9%), number of pods per plant (CV = 41.2%), and one-hundred seeds weight (CV = 36.6%) also showed significant variations. Correlation analysis showed positive correlations between the days to maturity and one-hundred seeds weight (r = 0.41) and the days to growth and simultaneous maturity (r = 0.39). In contrast, one-hundred seeds weight was negatively correlated to the number of pods per plant (r = -0.41) and the days to flowering (r = -0.29). Similarly, the days to growth and the number of pods per plant had a negative association with each other (r = -0.29). The principal component analysis revealed the number of days to maturity as the most influential variable along the first principal component (23.7%). In general, this study revealed wide variations in quantitative traits among the studied mung bean germplasm, which could provide several options for cultivar development.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.83-89
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• 2015

This study was conducted with n-hexane extracts of sensitive plant Mimosa pudica, mexican poppy Argemone mexicana, panimarich Leucus aspara, water pepper Polygonum hydropiper and shialmutra Blumea lacera weeds against pulse beetle Callosobruchus chinensis (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) for protection of mung bean Vigna radiata grains. The $LC_{50}$ values of the weed extracts ranged from 4.5 to 6.4, 4.1 to 5.6 and 3.6 to 5.5 g/100 mL at 24, 48 and 72 hours of post treatment, respectively. The extracts showed 35 to 69% fecundity and 33 to 63% adult emergence inhibitory effect on the pest, and revealed 13 to 49% grain protection of mung beans. Insect mortality, fecundity and adult emergence inhibitory effects, and grain protection activity increased with increased concentration of the extracts. The shialmutra followed by water pepper extracts revealed better performances in fecundity and adult beetle emergence inhibitory effect compared to the other weeds. The findings proved that the n-hexane extracts of the five weeds are sources of botanical insecticides which may be used in the integrated management of C. chinensis.

• Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.193-200
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• 2007

Mungbean plants generally have a relatively close canopy, thus a large amount of self-shading can reduce yield due to poor light penetration. Modification of leaflet type can affect leaf canopy and could alter seed yield. Two multiple leaflet mutants were obtained from gamma-ray irradiation and used to study the mode of inheritance related to leaflet types and to evaluate their agronomic features. The cross between large-heptafoliate leaflet with small-pentafoliate leaflet mutants produce all $F_1$ plants with normal trifoliate leaflets. The $F_2$ plants segregated in leaflet size and leaflet number into a 9:3:3:1 ratio of large-trifoliate: large-heptafoliate: small-pentafoliate: small-heptafoliate plants, suggesting that independent loci control leaflet size and leaflet number. Regarding leaflet number, the $F_2$ population can be classified into normal-trifoliate, small-pentafoliate, large-heptafoliate, and small-heptafoliate at the dihybrid ratio of 9:3:3:1. The gene symbols $N_1,n_1$ and $N_2,n_2$ are proposed to represent leaflet number. Since no plant was found with large-pentafoliate leaflets, we hypothesize that the $N_2$ allele expresses pleiotropic effect on both leaflet number and leaflet size. Another possibility is that an additional locus with S and s alleles controls leaflet size and S is tightly linked with $N_2$. The effect of multifoliate leaflet on yield and yield components was evaluated in four mungbean families each with four leaflet isolines under three environments. Averaging across the families and environments, the normal-trifoliate and large-heptafoliate lines gave higher yield than small pentafoliate and heptafoliate ones. These two large leaflet lines also had higher leaf area per plant than the other multifoliate lines. Therefore, the mungbean lines with a greater leaf area, which were likely to intercept more sunlight, gave greater yield. Three AFLP markers that were found to be linked to number of leaflets per leaf, corresponded to the N1 allele of the smallpentafoliate parent.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.387-394
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• 2001

Blackgram (Vigna mungo) is more salt tolerant than mungbean (Vigna radiata). This study was initiated to know whether the accumulation pattern of mineral ions in different plant parts plays a significant role in the differences in salt tolerance between the two Vigna species. Different mineral ions, viz. N, Cl, Na, K, Mg and Ca in different organs of two varieties of each of blackgram- Barimash-l (susceptible one) and Barimash-2 (tolerant one), and mungbean-Barimung-3 (tolerant one) and Barimung-4(susceptible one), were analyzed after growing with 0, 50, 75 and 100 mM NaCl solutions. The two crops showed a decreased but similar pattern of total N accumulation under saline conditions. The tolerant variety of both the crops showed a less reduction in total N than the susceptible one. Leaves showed the maximum while stem the minimum N, irrespective of levels of salinity. C $l^{[-10]}$ and N $a^{+}$ accumulation increased with the increasing salinity levels. Interestingly, similar to a halophyte, the salt tolerant blackgram exhibited conspicuously higher amount of N $a^{+}$ in the shoot than the salt-susceptible mungbean. However, the tolerant varieties showed less amount of N $a^{+}$ than the susceptible one, especially in blackgram. Seeds of both Vigna spp. accumulated the minimum amount of N $a^{+}$ than other plant parts. $K^{+}$ accumulation decreased by salinity in most of the plant parts, except seeds. Blackgram showed larger reduction in K than mungbean. The $Mg^{++}$ increased in leaves, petioles and stem by salinity while decreased in the roots, podshells and seeds in both the crops. Salinity increased $Ca^{++}$ accumulation in all plant-parts except roots of both Vigna spp. Apparently, the leaves of mungbean accumulated higher concentration of $Ca^{++}$ than blackgram. Varietal differences in the accumulation pattern of $K^{+}$, $Mg^{++}$ and $Ca^{++}$ were not clear. It was concluded that blackgram, presumably, possesses a similar salt tolerance mechanism to halophyte, and the pattern of accumulation of mineral ions in blackgram and mungbean was not fully ascribed to the differences in salinity tolerance between the two Vigna species.gna species.ies.s.ies.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.380-386
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• 2001

Dry matter(DM) accumulation in different plant parts of two Vigna spp., blackgram(Vigna mungo) and mungbean(Vigna radiata), was compared at different levels of salinity. Two vaarieties of each of blackgram (Barimash-1 and Barimash-2) and mungbean(Barimung-3 and Barimung-4) were grown with 50, 75 and 100mM NaCl solutions and tap water as a control till maturity. The DM accumulation in all plant parts of the two crops devreased with the increasing salinity levels. The reducation was severe in mungbean compared to blackgram. On an average mungbean produced only 3% grain yield compared to 37% in blackgram at 100mM NaCl. The salinity induced growth reduction was relatively less in Barimash-2 than that in Barimash-1. In mungbean, the relative DM production of Barimung-3 was greater than Barimung-4. The extent of biomass reducation due to salinity in different plant parts was not similar. At maturity the rank of biomass accumulation (at 100 mM NaCl) in different plant parts of blackgram was in decreasing order by seeds pod$^{-1}$ (97%), branch plant$^{-1}$ (88%), 1000-grain weight (79%), plant height(72%), pods plant$^{-1}$ (50%), leaf weight and root mass(both 49%) and stem weight (48%). In mungbean, the rank was in decreasing order by 1000-grain weight (57%), leaf weight (54%), plant height (52%), seeds pod$^{-1}$ (50%), branch plant$^{-1}$ (41%), root weight (34%), stem weight (24%) and pods plant$^{-1}$ (6%). Therefore, salinity reduced grain yield more than straw and roots of the Vignaq spp., and blackgram is relatively more salt-tolerant than mungbean.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.133-137
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• 1998

Well grown trees of ficus bengalensis produce one or more potential inhibitors of seed germination and seedling growth. The aqueous extract of ficus leaf and bark enhanced the shoot length aqueous leaf extract of F. bengalensis. Bark extract of F. bengalensis inhibited the shoot length and root length of the plant at high concentration. Both the bark and leaf extract inhibited the seed germination. The postemergence and preemergence treatment of bark and leaf extract of F. bengalensis reduced the shoot biomass. The result suggest that F. bengalensis may have potential allelochemicals which may be developed as natural herbicides.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.271-276
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• 1994

The possibility that 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC)-uptake may be dependent on the H+-gradient established across the plsma membrane was tested in protoplasts isolated from 2.5 day old mungbean hypocotyls. The ACC-induced ethylene production was inhibited when the H+-gradient was collapsed by the treatment with carbonycyamide-p-trifluro-methoxy-phenylhydrazone (FCCP). Moreover, the treatment with o-vanadate, a specific inhibitor of plasma membrane H+-ATPase, caused the inhibition of ethylene production. The ACC-induced ethylene production was inhibited by the treatemnt with verapamil (Ca2+-channel blocker), or ethylene glycol-bis($\beta$-aminoethyl ether) N, N, N', N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) (Ca2+-chelator). In contrast, the ehtylene production was stimulated by the application of A23187 (Ca2+ ionophore). The inhibitory effect of EGTA in the ethylene producton was magnified in the presence of A23187. From these results, we suggest that the external Ca2+ influx to the cytosol resulted in the stimulatin of ACC oxidase activity after ACC-uptake resulting from a H+-gradient across the plasma membrane.

• Entomological Research
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.466-479
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• 2018

Callosobruchus chinensis (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) is the main pest of mungbean (Vigna radiata) especially during seed storage. To provide background information for chemical ecology studies, we examined the externalmorphology of the antennal, maxillary palp and labial palp sensilla of this insect with scanning electron microscopy. The antennae of adult C. chinensis exhibited sexual dimorphism. The female have serrated antenna and the male have pectinate morphology. Eight sensillum types have been observed on the antennae of both sexes: $B\ddot{o}hm$ bristles, sensilla chaetica, sensilla trichodea, sensilla basiconica, sensilla styloconicum, sensilla coeloconica, sensillum campaniformia, sensilla cavity. There are no differences on the morphology of maxillary palp and labial palp between female and male. Four different types of sensilla are present on the labial and maxillary palps of both sexes of C. chinensis: sensilla chaetica, sensilla twig basiconica, sensilla basiconica, sensilla digitiformia.